Component Activation of a High Current Radioisotope Production Medical Cyclotron

Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology, 2012

Cyclotrons are the primary tool for producing the shorter-lived proton-rich radio-isotopes currently used in the biosciences. Although the primary use of the cyclotron produced short-lived radio-isotopes is in PET/CT and SPECT diagnostic medical procedures, cyclotrons are also producing longer-lived isotopes for therapeutic procedures. Commercial suppliers are responding by providing a range of cyclotrons in the energy range of 3 to 70 MeV. The cyclotrons generally have multiple beams servicing multiple targets. This paper provides a comparison of some of the capabilities of the various current cyclotrons. The use of nuclear medicine and the number of cyclotrons providing the needed isotopes is increasing. In the future it is expected that there will be a new generation of small 'table top' cyclotrons providing patient doses on demand.

2013

The University of Washington Clinical Cyclotron (UWCC) is a Scanditronix MC50 compact cyclotron installed in 1983. The cyclotron has now been in operation for 30 years and has been used to treat approximately 3000 patients. Its primary purpose is the production of 50.5 MeV protons used to bombard a beryllium target to produce neutrons for fast neutron therapy. The unique nature of the cyclotron is its variable frequency Rf system, and dual ion source chimneys; it is also capable of producing other particles and energies. Our facility is now sharing beam time among multiple users:  Fast neutron radiotherapy.  Development of a Precision Proton Radiotherapy Platform.  In vivo verification of precision proton radiotherapy with positron emission tomography.  Routine production of 211-At.  Routine production of 117m-Sn.  Cyclotron based 99m-Tc production.  Cyclotron based 186-Re production.  Proton beam extracted into air, demonstrating a visual Bragg peak.  Neutron hardness test...

Technical Physics

Proton therapy is an effective method of treating oncologic diseases. In Russia, construction of several centers for proton and ion therapy is slated for the years to come. A proton therapy center in Dimitrovgrad will be the first. The Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Russia) in collaboration with Ion Beam Application (IBA) (Belgium) has designed an C235-V3 medical proton cyclotron for this center. It outperforms previous versions of commercial IBA cyclotrons, which have already been installed in 11 oncologic hospital centers in different countries. Experimental and calculation data for the beam dynamics in the C235-V3 medical cyclotron are presented. Reasons for beam losses during acceleration are considered, the influence of the magnetic field radial component in the midplane of the accelerator and main resonances is studied, and a beam extraction system is designed. In 2011–2012 in Dubna, the cyclotron was mounted, its magnetic field was properly configured, acceleration con...

2020

Experiments of nuclear physics have been carried out at the Bern medical cyclotron, in which a beam line dedicated to research activities is available. Our main goal is to upgrade this facility as ...

2000

Since 2001 a superconducting cyclotron for proton therapy has been designed in collaboration with the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) at ACCEL Instruments GmbH (1). The design is based on a NSCL proposal originating from 1993 (2). In the recent years two cyclotrons of this type were built, tested as far as magnetic and cryogenic properties are concerned and installed

An excess of 230 cyclotrons are at present in operation in many countries of the world. The majority of these cyclotrons are meant for basic scientific and technological research and advanced medical applications, such as the production of short-lived PET and longer-lived SPECT radiopharmaceuticals, as well as radiotherapy of tumours. Intense fields of ionising radiation are produced during the operation of cyclotrons. Today's cyclotron professionals often have to solve a diverse radiological safety and decision-making related tasks, which require a tedious and time consuming reference search and computation of intricate engineering/technical problems. Hence, as a practical problem-solution aid and scientific compendium, a hyperlinked database (NEA-1694 SATIF/CYCLO-RADSAFE) of scientific and technical reference work encompassing all major radiological safety related issues of cyclotrons has been developed. The main goal of this paper is to introduce the latest version of the database to the cyclotron user communities.

2017

The University of Washington Medical Cyclotron Facility (UWMCF) is built around a Scanditronix MC50 compact cyclotron that was commissioned in 1984 and has been in continual use since. Its primary use is in the production of 50.5 MeV protons for fast neutron therapy. While this proton energy is too low for clinical proton therapy, it is ideal for proton therapy research in small animal models. In addition to the protons used for fast neutron therapy and proton therapy research, the MC50 is able to accelerate other particles at variable energies. This makes it useful for medical isotope research, including isotopes such as At, Re, and Sn that are being developed to target and treat metastatic disease at the cellular level. The original accelerator and therapy control systems were run on a DEC PDP-11 with a custom centralized I/O system built around the Z80 processor and chipset. Over the last 10 years we have continually been upgrading the controls while remaining operational, moving...

A cyclotron facility has been recently installed at the Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Energy (L.E.N.A.) [1] of the University of Pavia for the production of radioisotopes for medical use. L.E.N.A. is a laboratory where a TRIGA MARK II research nuclear reactor [2] is used for several scientific applications since 1965. The accelerator is an IBA CYCLONE 18/9 [3] with fixed energy of 18 MeV for protons and 9 MeV for deuterons equipped with three targets (two of which for 18 F production and one for 13 N-Ammonia) with the possibility of extension to eight targets. The site also includes a radiochemical laboratory for radioisotope packaging and delivery in shielded cases. The cyclotron building is separated from the reactor one with a stand-alone system for area radiation monitoring and other safety systems. Present applications are dedicated to radioisotopes production for PET medical centres. In the future this facility will offer the opportunity of the installation of an external beam line for a wide range of applications (e.g., radiobiological research). Since the cyclotron is installed in a university laboratory this can also be used as a training facility for particle accelerator courses.

epaper.kek.jp

Dubna scientific medicine center is under development since 1967 on the base of the proton beam of LNP JINR Phazotron.[1] Proton beam with energy Е р~1 70 MeV and intensity I~0.1 mkA is used for patients irradiation. Proposal of creating of the cyclotron with the same beam characteristics was reported earlier at the conferences RUPAC04 [2], ICAA05 [3] and printed in magazine [4].

The occupational radiation doses in the cyclotron CS30 in (KFSH&RC), which is a single energy cyclotron commonly used for medical radioisotopes production, were measured during the routine production for some medical radioisotopes (Gallium-67, Krypton-81m, Iodine-123 and Thallium-201). A set of 136 (TLD-100) LiF:Mg,Ti dosimeteric cards and a Harshow 3500 TLD card reader were used for the dose measurements in the various locations in the cyclotron room as well as the working area. A radiation area mapping were plotted and discussed for the different irradiation conditions. The result for those measurements shows that the measured occupational dose in the working area was about 2.9 ms.yr-1 which is far below the maximum permissible dose for the workers.

2018

In 2020, the CC-30/15 cyclotron complex is planned to be commissioned at the Institute for Nuclear Technologyes of the Kingdom of Thailand. The main task of the project is the development of nuclear medicine in Thailand. The complex is created on the basis of the cyclotron of negative hydrogen and deuterium ions with finite energy in the ranges 15-30/9-15 MeV and the current of the extracted beam of 200/50 μA, respeМtively. A beam transport system ensures the formation and delivery of beams to five ports. Two of them are target devices designed for large-scale production of radionuclides of zirconium-89, copper-64, thallium-201 and gallium-67. A pneumatic system for the installation, discharge and delivery of targets to radiochemical laboratories is provided. The remaining ports will be used in the program of scientific research in the field of neutron physics and radiation technologies.

12 Chapters on Nuclear Medicine, 2011

2017

About 15 months ago, at IBA, we have launched the design, construction, tests and industrialization of an innovative isochronous cyclotron for PET isotope production (patent applications pending). The design has been optimized for cost effectiveness, compactness, ease of maintenance, activation reduction and high performances, with a particular emphasis on its application on market. Multiple target stations can be placed around the vacuum chamber. An innovative extraction method (patent applications pending) has been designed which allows to obtain the same extracted beam sizes and properties on the target window independent of the target position. INTRODUCTION This isochronous cyclotron for PET radioisotope production produces fixed energy 18MeV proton beam and is called the Cyclone® KIUBE, Figure 1. Today, three versions are available producing 100μA, 150μA and 180μA on target and the option with selfshielding is also available. Figure 1: CYCLONE® KIUBE.

2021

The production of medical radioisotopes for theranostics is essential for nuclear medicine developments. A research program is ongoing at the 18 MeV Bern medical cyclotron, where a solid target station is in operation together with a 6.5 m Beam Transfer Line (BTL) ending in a separate bunker. To irradiate compressed powder pellets, novel target coins were conceived and realized together with methods to assess the beam energy and the production cross-sections. The activity at the end of the beam (EOB) is measured with a 1 cm 3 CdZnTe detector. An ultra-compact active irradiation system based on a novel focusing and steering magnet and two-dimensional beam detectors is under development. Results on 43 Sc, 44 Sc, 47 Sc, 61 Cu, 64 Cu, 68 Ga, 155 Tb, 165 Er and 165 Tm production are presented.

Dhaka University Journal of Science

A cyclotron is a particle accelerator, which employs electromagnetic fields to accelerate charged particles to extremely high speeds and energy. It is used to create radioisotopes for radiopharmaceuticals, which are used to diagnose and treat cancer. Because cyclotron-produced radiopharmaceuticals are exceptionally effective in identifying various cancers. Cyclotrons are fast evolving and will play an increasingly important role in the healthcare industry, particularly in advanced medical imaging techniques like positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). An 18/9 MeV cyclotron (18 MeV for proton and 9 MeV for deuteron, Model: Cyclone 18/9, IBA) was installed at the National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science (NINMAS), Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC). Radioisotopes such as 18F, 11C, 13N, and 15O can be produced with this cyclotron. Solid target option is also available here which can be use...