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Concurrent ring-opening polymerization/polycondensation of lactones and bioaromatic hydroxy-acids yields random copolymers with improved and controlled thermal properties.
AI
Biomacromolecules, 2003
Aliphatic polyesters prepared by ring-opening polymerization of lactones are now used worldwide as bioresorbabale devices in surgery (orthopaedic devices, sutures, stents, tissue engineering, and adhesion barriers) and in pharmacology (control drug delivery). This review presents the various methods of the synthesis of polyesters and tailoring the properties by proper control of molecular weight, composition, and architecture so as to meet the stringent requirements of devices in the medical field. The effect of structure on properties and degradation has been discussed. The applications of these polymers in the biomedical field are described in detail.
Macromolecules, 2006
Metal-free catalysis was successfully applied to polymerize -pentadecalactone (PDL) by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) using several amino-ended initiators, namely hexylamine, allylamine and O, O′-bis(3-aminopropyl)diethylene glycol. This polymerization method was suitable to prepare telechelic polyesters carrying functional-end groups. The technique was then extended to the synthesis of block copolymers by ROP of PDL using bisamino-ended poly(ethylene glycol) (M n =2600) as macroinitiator. PPDL x -PEG 56 -PPDL x triblock copolymers with M n ranging between ~4000 and ~90000 g•mol -1 were synthesized and extensively characterized by NMR, DSC, TGA and XRD. The amphiphilic copolymers thus produced were demonstrated to be able to self-assemble in nanoparticles with average diameters of ~100-200 nm and morphologies highly depending on blocks lengths. The described synthetic route distinguishes in providing "clean" amphiphilic copolymers, which are attractive candidates for biomedical applications.
Chemical Reviews, 2004
2017
The aim of this work was the study of several polymerization systems using lactones as monomers, such as, Ɛ-caprolactone and ɣ-butyrolactone, by a ring opening mechanism. The experiments were performed with acidic catalysts such as, methanesulfonic acid and triflic acid. As indicated in the literature, the ring opening polymerizations with these types of catalysts and ɣ-lactones were not possible under the operating conditions due to the thermodynamic stability of this type of monomer. Thus, to obtain an efficient system, the copolymerization of the two monomers, Ɛ-caprolactone and ɣ-butyrolactone, was performed at different temperatures (-40 °C to 30 °C) and with the two catalysts mentioned above. Novel copolymers, γbutyrolactone-co-Ɛ-caprolactone were obtained at all tested temperatures showing the incorporation of ɣbutyrolactone as desired.
Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2007
ABSTRACT ABA triblock copolymers of L-lactide (LL) and ε-caprolactone (CL), designated as PLL-P(LL-co-CL)-PLL, were synthesized via a two-step ring-opening polymerization in bulk using diethylene glycol and stannous octoate as the initiating system. In the first-step reaction, an approximately 50:50 mol% P(LL-co-CL) random copolymer (prepolymer) was prepared as the middle (B) block. This was then chain extended in the second-step reaction by terminal block polymerization with more L-lactide. The percentage yields of the triblock copolymers were in excess of 95%. The prepolymers and triblock copolymers were characterized using a combination of dilute-solution viscometry, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), 1H- and 13C-NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that the molecular weight of the prepolymer was controlled primarily by the diethylene glycol concentration. All of the triblock copolymers had molecular weights higher than their respective prepolymers. 13C-NMR analysis confirmed that the prepolymers contained at least some random character and that the triblock copolymers consisted of additional terminal PLL end (A) blocks. From their DSC curves, the triblock copolymers were seen to be semi-crystalline in morphology. Their glass transition, solid-state crystallization, and melting temperature ranges, together with their heats of melting, all increased as the PLL end (A) block length increased. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2012
A series of di-and triblock copolymers [poly(L-lactide-b-e-caprolactone), poly(D,L-lactide-b-e-caprolactone), poly (e-caprolactone-b-L-lactide), and poly(e-caprolactone-b-L-lactideb-e-caprolactone)] have been synthesized successfully by sequential ring-opening polymerization of e-caprolactone (e-CL) and lactide (LA) either by initiating PCL block growth with living PLA chain end or vice versa using titanium complexes supported by aminodiol ligands as initiators. Poly(trimethylene carbonate-b-e-caprolactone) was also prepared. A series of random copolymers with different comonomer composition were also synthesized in solution and bulk of e-CL and D,L-lactide. The chemical composition and microstructure of the copoly-mers suggest a random distribution with short average sequence length of both the LA and e-CL. Transesterification reactions played a key role in the redistribution of monomer sequence and the chain microstructures. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of the copolymer also evidenced the random structure of the copolymer with a unique T g .
Macromolecules
Statistical copolymers of L-lactide (L-LA) and ε-caprolactone (CL) are of major interest as a result of the desired combination of properties they exhibit for high-added-value applications, including in the biomedical field and in microelectronics. However, the high difference of reactivity between the two monomers makes difficult their statistical insertion in copolymer chains. Here, the ring-opening polymerization and copolymerization (ROP and ROcP, respectively) of L-LA and CL mediated by benzoic acid (BA) are investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT). It is first evidenced that the mechanism involves a hydrogen-bonding dual activation, where the acidic proton of BA activates the carbonyl moiety of the monomer, while the conjugated base of BA activates the alcohol initiator. In accordance with experimental findings, DFT calculations have then revealed a kinetically favored energetic profile for the BA-organocatalyzed ROP of CL compared to L-LA. In addition, energetic profiles of the BA-mediated ROcP of CL and L-LA does not show any preference of the insertion between CL and L-LA, irrespective of the type of growing species. Even though the caproyl unit insertion is kinetically favored by the primary nature of the growing chain end alcohol, this is eventually mitigated by the stabilizing effect of the ester moieties of the lactidyl unit, which is thermodynamically favored. As one effect compensates for the other, the dual activation mechanism involved in this organocatalytic pathway using BA as a weak organic acid is shown to be crucial to achieve truly statistical copolymers based on L-LA and CL.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 2009
2014
This project analyzed the ring opening chemistry of D, L-lactide, γ-butyrolactone, valerolactone, dodecalactone and caprolactone. Starting with each of the above monomers, Sn(Oct)2,SnCl2, Zn(acac)2, ZnCL2, and AlCl3 were used as catalysts in the polymerization process. Initiators included benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol and 1-butanol. The results of each reaction were analyzed by 1H-NMR and IR spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results were collated to determine the most promising candidates for a student project in the teaching laboratory.
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