Cross-eye gain in multiloop retrodirective cross-eye jamming

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2009

An extended and rigorous analysis of retrodirective cross-eye jamming in a radar system scenario is presented. This analysis removes the approximations that limit the validity of other analyses of cross-eye jamming. These results imply that under certain conditions, a monopulse radar system can be more easily deceived than suggested by conventional cross-eye analyses. Furthermore, the cross-eye jammer antenna patterns do not affect the induced monopulse error.

IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2019

The effect of the return from the platform on which a cross-eye jammer is mounted is significant in many practical cross-eye jamming scenarios. However, all published analyses of skin-return affected cross-eye jamming have significant limitations. These limitations are addressed by deriving equations for the distribution of the cross-eye gain in the presence of skin return. The value of these results is demonstrated by using them to gain insight into how skin return affects cross-eye jamming. Index Terms-Cross-eye jamming, electronic warfare (EW), electronic countermeasures (ECM), radar countermeasures, and monopulse radar.

IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2011

The matching required between the two directions through a retrodirective cross-eye jammer is considered using both the traditional phase-front analysis and an extended analysis. The design parameters to achieve a specified tracking error are derived and an optimal design is proposed. The results for the extended analysis show that the tolerances required to induce large angular errors in a monopulse radar are not as strict as the traditional analysis suggests.

IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2013

It is desirable to limit the apparent target to one side of a retrodirective cross-eye jammer despite the variation caused by platform skin return. The relationship between the jammer parameters and the jammer-to-signal ratio (JSR) to ensure that this occurs is investigated. When this relationship is not satisfied, the proportion of the apparent targets generated on the opposite side of the jammer is determined.

IEEE Access

The radar jamming technology has been studied in this paper mainly, which uses the antenna synthetic wave to generate phase distortion at the signal reception to carry out angle measuring jamming, such as traditional cross-eye jamming. However, cross-eye jamming has strict parameter tolerance. To improve the tolerance range of the phase parameters, a multiple antennas synthetic false target electromagnetic jamming technique is proposed in this paper, which has a wider phase parameter tolerance and jamming range. The jamming method can be regarded as an improved cross eye jamming method. We can conclude that this method can generate a ''false target'' in space and far away from the carrier which has jamming system, which mislead the radar to point to ''false target'' rather than to real targets. A jamming system with three jamming antennas was considered as the research object. The position of ''false target'' can be controlled casually by adjusting the feed amplitude and phase of the three antennas simultaneously. The jamming mathematical model of synthetic false target with three antenna emitters is constructed under the sum and difference channel transceiver mechanism of radar in this paper. The error angle and synthetic gain of the three jamming antennas were derived. The phase parameter tolerance of the proposed method was obtainedand compared with cross-eye jamming. A rigorous mathematical derivation is proposed in this paper, and the superiority of the multiple antennas synthetic false target jamming method is verified. INDEX TERMS Antenna, jamming, radar, tolerance analysis.

IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2001

A radar digital beamforming (DBF) architecture and processing algorithm is described for nulling the signal from a mainlobe electronic jammer and multiple sidelobe electronic jammers while maintaining monopulse angle estimation accuracy on the target. The architecture consists of a sidelobe jamming (SLJ) canceling adaptive array (AA) followed by a mainlobe jamming (MLJ) canceler. A mainlobe maintenance (MLM) technique or constrained adaptation during the sidelobe cancellation process is imposed so that the results of the SLJ cancellation process do not distort the subsequent mainlobe cancellation process. The SLJ signals and the MLJ signals are thus canceled sequentially in separate processes. This technique was developed for improving radar processing in determining the angular location of a target, and specifically for improving the monopulse technique by maintaining the accuracy of the target echo monopulse ratio in the presence of electronic jamming by adaptive suppression of the jamming signals before forming the monopulse sum and difference beams.

IEEE Access, 2022

This research studies the effects of three noise jamming techniques on the performance of a hybrid multistatic radar network in a selection of different electronic warfare (EW) situations. The performance metrics investigated are the range and velocity estimation errors found using the Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs). The hybrid multistatic network simulated is comprised of a single active radar transmitter, three illuminators of opportunity (IO), a receiver co-located at the active transmitter site, and two separately located silent receivers. Each IO transmits at a unique frequency band commonly used for civilian applications, including Digital Video Broadcasting-Terrestrial (DVB-T), Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), and FM radio. Each receiver is capable of receiving signals at all three IO frequency bands as well as the operating frequency band of the active radar transmitter. The investigations included compare the performance of the network at detecting a single flying target under conditions where different combinations of jammer type, operating mode, directivity, and number of jammers operating are used. The performance degradation of the system compared to operation in a non-contested environment is determined and a comparison between the performance of the hybrid multistatic radar with that achievable by a monostatic radar and an active-only multistatic radar network within a selection of contested scenarios is made. Results show that the use of spatially distributed nodes and frequency diversity within the system enable greater theoretical functionality in the presence of jamming over conventional radar systems.

International Conference on Radar Systems (Radar 2017), 2017

A 3-D staring radar operates by using a wide beam transmitter to illuminate the entire surveillance region and generates multiple receive beams using a 2-D static array that can be digitised at element level. The sensor achieves permanent search in all directions and harnesses the spatial, temporal and spectral domains to improve detection and discrimination of low observable, highly manoeuvrable targets in congested air space against strong non-stationary clutter. While the susceptibility of traditional scanning radars to jammers has been well researched, very little work has been carried out to assess the performance of 3-D staring radars in the presence of an interference source. In this paper, the response of a staring array radar to a jammer is modelled. Results are presented showing that by exploiting the persistent dwell time of the staring array, it is possible to achieve effective jammer suppression using null steering or similar techniques.

Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) radar is a type of Low Probability of Intercept radar system that is being heavily investigated in the military. Not only is its transmission difficult to be detected by enemy intercept receivers, but FMCW radar has the inherent capability of increasing coherent signal power while suppressing noise power during its receive signal processing. This thesis investigates the jamming effectiveness of selected jamming waveforms by injecting the interfering signals into the Lab-Volt Radar Training System (LVRTS). The jamming effect is evaluated based on the change in beat frequency due to the jamming. Due to the hardware limitations of the LVRTS, a MATLAB simulation model is also constructed for advanced electronic attack testing. The MATLAB model emulates the FMCW emitter digital signal processing response to coherent and non-coherent jamming signals under an anti-ship capable missile scenario. The simulation output is the target range and range rate, whose error measures quantify the jamming effectiveness. From the standpoint of electronic warfare, related subjects such as electronic warfare support measures and FMCW electronic protection are also discussed.

IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1995

Airborne surveillance radars need to operate in an environment that can include the presence of ground clutter, standoff jammers, and diffuse jammer multipath. It is demonstrated here that a phased-array radar that employs adaptive spatial degrees of freedom, plus two different sets of adaptive temporal degrees of freedom can effectively cancel the aforementioned interference to an acceptable level. The two different sets of temporal taps required for each antenna element consist of one set spaced by the pulse repetition interval, so as to cancel ground clutter, and another spaced by about one-half of the reciprocal of the radar bandwidth, so as to cancel the diffuse jammer multipath, which may enter through the main beam of the radar, as well as its sidelobes. Using the ideal covariance matrix,