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Modern Age Fortifications of the Western Mediterranean Coast. Se distribuye bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional. Basada en una obra en http://ocs.editorial.upv.es/index.php/FORTMED V Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. XV to XVIII centuries / Vol II / Rodríguez-Navarro (Ed.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Modern Age Fortifications of the Western Mediterranean coast. October 15th, 16th and 17th 2015, at the Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, of the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV). The conference’s main objective is the exchange of knowledge and sharing for the better understanding, assessment, management and exploitation of culture and heritage that developed on the Mediterranean coast in the modern age, taking into account the wide distribution of these results. The Conference has an interdisciplinary aim where architects, engineers, archaeologists, historians, geographers, cartographers, heritage managers, tourism experts, experts in restoration-conservation and promotion of heritage will participate. The idea is to provide a more inclusive, more real and more up to date views, leading us to the point where we could find the investigations of this matter, in the twenty-first century. The theme is centered on the fortifications of the western Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Malta, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco) in the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries, although it does not exclude other Mediterranean countries and other fortifications from this era.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Modern Age Fortifications of the Western Mediterranean coast. October 15th, 16th and 17th 2015, at the Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, of the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV). The conference’s main objective is the exchange of knowledge and sharing for the better understanding, assessment, management and exploitation of culture and heritage that developed on the Mediterranean coast in the modern age, taking into account the wide distribution of these results. The Conference has an interdisciplinary aim where architects, engineers, archaeologists, historians, geographers, cartographers, heritage managers, tourism experts, experts in restoration-conservation and promotion of heritage will participate. The idea is to provide a more inclusive, more real and more up to date views, leading us to the point where we could find the investigations of this matter, in the twenty-first century. The theme is centered on the fortifications of the western Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Malta, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco) in the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries, although it does not exclude other Mediterranean countries and other fortifications from this era.
Proceedings of the Fortmed 2016. Volume 3 FORTMED 2016 is the International Conference on Modern Age Fortifications of the Mediterranean coast. This was the second edition following the first opening in Valencia in October 2015. The conference took place on November 10th, 11th and 12th 2016, at the Dipartimento di Architettura (DiDA) of the Florence University (UNIFI). The conference’s main objective is the exchange of knowledge and sharing for the better understanding, assessment, management and exploitation of culture and heritage that developed on the Mediterranean coast in the modern age, taking into account the wide distribution of these results. The Conference has an interdisciplinary aim where architects, engineers, archaeologists, historians, geographers, geologists, cartographers, heritage managers, tourism experts, experts in restoration-conservation and promotion of heritage will participate. The idea is to provide a more inclusive, more real and more up to date views, leading us to the point where we could find the investigations of this matter, in the twenty-first century. The theme is centered on the fortifications of the western Mediterranean (Spain, France, Italy, Malta, Grece, Albania, Turkey, Cyprus, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, etc...) in the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries, although it does not exclude other countries and other fortifications from this era.
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2017
The Islamic Nasrid kingdom of Granada occupied the mountainous areas of the southeastern area of the Iberian Peninsula. There, a natural border was established between the Nasrid kingdom and the Christian kingdom of Castile from 1232 to 1492. To control this frontier and establish visual communication between it and the Nasrid center at the Alhambra citadel, an extensive network of watchtowers and defensive towers was constructed. Studies have been done of individual towers, but no comparative study has been undertaken of all of them. Graphic, homogenous, and exhaustively planimetric documentation would bring together existing information on the majority of them and enable comparative analysis. For this reason, this work conducts systematic architectural surveys of all these military structures, using photogrammetry. In addition to studying the construction typology and techniques, the structural capacity of these towers has been analyzed. It examines how they have been affected by human and natural destructive forces, especially earthquakes, which are common in eastern Andalusia. Although all the historical military architecture is protected by the Spanish and Andalusian Heritage laws, many of these medieval towers and their cultural landscapes are in severe risk. The towers are being studied as individual specimens (emphasizing their differences) and as a unit in a typological group (looking for similarities and unifying characteristics). New technologies for Information and Communication are being used in order to disseminate the results among specialists and to make them available to the general public. Guidelines for restoration projects are also being formulated from the cases analyzed.
Famagusta, Cyprus was at the center of Eastern Mediterranean trade between the 13th to 15th centuries. Europe wanted goods being delivered from the Levant - cloves, cinnamon, and nutmeg as well as commodities such as wheat and cotton. Famagusta, with its natural harbor on the east coast, was the ideal location for this trade as it was centrally located between Asia, Africa, and Europe. The city prospered with an influx of merchants, and this was reflected in the building of numerous churches, palaces, and fortifications to protect the city. The northwest corner of the fortifications, facing inland, was one of the most critical elements in the defensive network of the city. It was here that the Venetians constructed the Martinengo Bastion in the 16th century. The bastion is a significant example of state-of-the-art renaissance military architecture and is one of the few remaining in the Levant. Its low profile and massive construction was built slightly higher than the opposing counterscarp to present a small target to cannons while its arrow shape was designed to prevent areas of shelter at its base and protect the ditch and bastions on either side. Martinengo Bastion, at the beginning of the 21st century, was in stable condition, however, there were critical issues given its age and materials. The first concern was structural as there were significant undercuts in the foundation bedrock, the opening of cracks in several vaults, vegetation growth, and uncontrolled water was causing erosion and deterioration of the soft sandstone and mortar. There were also inappropriate later interventions such as concrete floors and concrete caps on the vertical shafts and stairways. In 2013, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Technical Committee for Cultural Heritage, Cyprus (TCCH) with funding from the European Union launched a project to conserve Martinengo Bastion. The team consisted of a bi-communal Cypriot group of professionals and international experts which was led by Fundación Tecnalia. This article will describe the bastion, the conservation philosophy, methodology, and intervention to preserve this unique example of military architecture.
The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences.26th International CIPA Symposium, 2017
The Islamic Nasrid kingdom of Granada occupied the mountainous areas of the southeastern area of the Iberian Peninsula. There, a natural border was established between the Nasrid kingdom and the Christian kingdom of Castile from 1232 to 1492. To control this frontier and establish visual communication between it and the Nasrid center at the Alhambra citadel, an extensive network of watchtowers and defensive towers was constructed. Studies have been done of individual towers, but no comparative study has been undertaken of all of them. Graphic, homogenous, and exhaustively planimetric documentation would bring together existing information on the majority of them and enable comparative analysis. For this reason, this work conducts systematic architectural surveys of all these military structures, using photogrammetry. In addition to studying the construction typology and techniques, the structural capacity of these towers has been analyzed. It examines how they have been affected by human and natural destructive forces, especially earthquakes, which are common in eastern Andalusia. Although all the historical military architecture is protected by the Spanish and Andalusian Heritage laws, many of these medieval towers and their cultural landscapes are in severe risk. The towers are being studied as individual specimens (emphasizing their differences) and as a unit in a typological group (looking for similarities and unifying characteristics). New technologies for Information and Communication are being used in order to disseminate the results among specialists and to make them available to the general public. Guidelines for restoration projects are also being formulated from the cases analyzed.
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