Economic growth and development

Biology and economy dominate contemporary conversations about, and imaginations of, growth. Across their differences, these conversations are based on shared understandings of growth in fairly narrow framings of the biological and the economic. In particular, scholarly and activist debates about economic growth tend to fall into polarized terms—either “for” or “against” growth. This invites reflection on whether it is possible to think growth otherwise, and to consider the intellectual, political, and ethical implications of doing so.

In central Uganda, even a casual observer would notice the widespread presentation of often identical commercial services and goodsfruit vendors, street food or motorcycle taxis, for instancein a small shared area. This article brings the dynamics of this phenomenon into view under the heuristic rubric of 'bundling', reflecting both on diverse examples from present-day Kampala and on some of the phenomenon's historical and linguistic scaffolding. We take this phenomenon seriously as an alternative form of socioeconomic exchange and growth, one that is distinct from liberal and neoliberal imaginaries of an unlimited flow of goods, people, things and services. Bundling, we argue, reflects an aesthetics in which both material value and social relationships are imagined to arise through thickenings of persons and things, assembled and ordered in spatial proximity and symmetry. The article suggests that bundling offers conceptual resources to imagine growth otherwise, as a process unfolding in ways that complicate and clog conventional economic imaginaries.

Nowadays, it seems to be a common knowledge that technology (productive knowledge) or to be more specific, technological change (increases in productive knowledge) is the determinant of long-run economic growth. In the absence of technological change, there would be a limit to economic growth. Investments that do not introduce technological changes (new products) can generate growth only to a limited extent, until the markets are saturated. As a result, the Neoclassical equilibrium would be the ultimate and inevitable outcome.

Convergencia entre departamentos argentinos: Un enfoque de econometría espacial en base a datos de luminosidad nocturna Convergence across Argentine departments: A spatial econometrics approach based on nighttime lumimosity data En este trabajo examinamos la existencia de beta-convergencia, absoluta y condicional, en el ingreso per cápita entre departamentos para un período que se extiende por más de dos décadas . A diferencia de la mayoría de los antecedentes en el tópico, aquí relajamos el supuesto de independencia entre observaciones y permitimos la presencia de dependencia espacial en modelos estáticos y dinámicos, a la vez que utilizamos datos de luminosidad per cápita como proxy del ingreso promedio. Los resultados muestran robusta evidencia sobre la existencia de un proceso de convergencia condicional en el período examinado. Es decir, aun considerando los efectos espaciales, los departamentos con menores niveles de ingreso per cápita tienen una mayor tasa de crecimiento económico. Los hallazgos refuerzan la importancia de la inclusión de efectos espaciales en el análisis. El efecto espacial global positivo y significativo indica que la trayectoria económica de un departamento se ve significativamente afectada por la trayectoria de sus vecinos. Por último, los efectos de derrame espacial frenan el proceso de convergencia para el período total bajo estudio y la dinámica temporal es heterogénea entre subperíodos: los efectos espaciales tienden a retrasar la convergencia entre 1992-2002, mientras que la aceleran entre 2002-2013.

The introduction of urban mobility policies often lacks understanding of the local institutions, customs, and values. The following study explores differences in the representation of bicycle usage in local media outlets in Berlin and Moscow. For that purpose, a classification was developed based on the methodology of discourse analysis as understood by Keller (2011) to contextualize press articles about bicycles by categories of everyday use, leisure, or self-expression. Using qualitative and quantitative methods of content analysis the study generates a dataset using articles from the local media across the span of two years between 2019 and 2021 in both cities. In Moscow, cycling for leisure is more often reported by the local media and in Berlin everyday usage of the bicycle was prevalent. Further, the study reveals a difference in reporting on individuals cycling to work between the two capitals, based on a typology of 'emerging' and 'established' cycling culture.

This study is concerned with analyzing the change of the exchange rate and its implications for the trade balance during (2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017)(2018)(2019). The Study Problem: Developing countries, including Sudan, are working to improve their trade balance by adopting some economic policies on the exchange rate as one of their most important tools that work to encourage exports and substitute imports. The study aims to explaining the effect of the exchange rate on the balance of trade in Sudan, economic liberalization policy on the trade balance, the real gross product on the trade balance. Study hypotheses are: Lowering the exchange rate leads to an improvement in the balance of trade in Sudan, There is a direct relationship between economic liberalization policy and the balance of trade, There is a direct relationship between the real GDP and the trade balance. The study used both the descriptive and analytical approach by analyzing the data of the years of study. The main results are: There is a direct statistically significant relationship between the GDP and the exchange rate, through the positive GDP sign, which contradicts the economic theory, as the statistical value of (T) test reached (.0.0011) which is less than the significance level (.0.05), there is a direct statistically significant relationship between the inflation rate and the exchange rate, which corresponds to the economic theory, through the positive sign of the inflation factor, where the statistical value of the (T) test reached (0.0001). The main recommendations are: Fixing the exchange rates at the real price of the pound against foreign currencies, and this is what we hope will happen after the recent liberalization decision, which has witnessed relative stability so far, and we must work continuously to reach full employment of the production elements in Sudan, in terms of capital and labor, the use of large areas of agricultural lands, the extraction of oil and gold in larger quantities sufficient for the local need and the export of the surplus.

The relations between the riches of nations and the riches of Productive Knowledge (Technology) gains increasing acknowledgment among economists. Classical economists had assumed that the key to progress was the accumulation of homogenous capital goods. But economies cannot grow incessantly by accumulating more of the same capital goods. So, the Classical growth theory falls short of expectations.
Capitalism’s inherent feature is “destructive creation”, said Marx. Decades later, in a similar fashion, Schumpeter stated that “Capitalist system incessantly revolutionizes the economic structure FROM WITHIN”.

This study was conducted with the purpose of evaluating the impact of microcredit on the living standards of households. The study utilizes data from the Vietnam Rural Household Access to Resources Survey datasets of 2020 and 2022, and employs the Propensity score matching-Difference in differences (PSM-DID) method to assess impact. The results show that microcredit improves total revenue, expenditures on industrial food, and the accumulation of assets for production. Consequently, the author suggests several policies to enhance the effectiveness of the microcredit program.

This study examines the persistence of low foreign direct investment (FDI) in Angola by applying autoregressive moving average (ARMA) approach to historical data from 1980 to 2023. Using World Bank data, FDI net inflows (% of GDP) are modelled as the dependent variable, while autoregressive (AR) and moving average (MA) components serve as independent variables. Generalized least squares (GLS) estimation reveals a positive and statistically significant AR(1) coefficient (0.824179), indicating that approximately 82.4% of current FDI levels are influenced by past trends, suggesting a self-perpetuating cycle of low FDI inflows. The estimated ARMA(1,1) model is found to be covariance stationary and invertible, confirming its robustness for forecasting FDI trends. Projections from 2024 to 2043 indicate a gradual but modest improvement, with FDI increasing from-2.5% in 2024 to 2.3% by 2043, though it remains insufficient to drive substantial economic transformation. Based on these findings, we recommend, implementing investment-friendly policies, improving infrastructure, diversifying economic sectors, and fostering regional trade agreements to break the cycle of low FDI inflows and stimulate sustainable investment growth in Angola.

ABSTRAK Skripsi dengan judul “Analisis Pengembangan Pariwisata Gunung Kelud Dalam Meningkatan Perekonomian Masyarakat di Kecamatan Ngancar Kabupaten Kediri” ditulis oleh Ilham Hanuri, NIM. 12402173594, Dosen Pembimbing Dr. Sutopo M. Pd. Penilitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh peningkatan perekonomian masyarakat yang didukung oleh sektor pariwisata. Terbentang dari sabang hingga merauke Indonesia memiliki potensi pariwisata baik dari alam maupun budaya yang tak terhitung jumlahnya. Sehingga, tiap daerah di Indonesia berpotensi besar meningkatkan pendapatannya dari sektor pariwisata. Pariwisata di Kediri sendiri juga sudah berkembang dengan baik, terutama wisata Gunung Kelud sebagai ikon dari Kediri yang memiliki potensi dan daya tarik tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mendeskripsikan pengembangan pariwisata Gunung Kelud dalam meningktakan perekonomian masyarakat di Kabupaten Kediri, (2) Mendeskripsikan dampak pengembangan pariwisata Gunung Kelud dalam meningktakan perekonomia...

In recent years, the prevalence of social media use among high school students has risen dramatically, raising concerns about its potential impact on academic performance. Social media platforms offer unprecedented opportunities for connectivity and information sharing, yet they also pose risks, particularly concerning addiction. This study investigates impact of social media platform usage on academic performance among high school students in North 24 Pargana district. With the increasing prevalence of social media in students' lives, it has become important to understand its impact on educational outcomes. Using a mixed-methods approach, researcher collected quantitative data through a survey measuring students' time spent on various social media platforms, along with their academic performance. The results indicate a negative relationship between time spent on social media platforms and academic performance, particularly among students who reported using the platform for entertainment rather than educational purposes. Differences in effect based on demographic factors including age, sex, and socioeconomic status were also observed. While findings suggest that social media can provide educational benefits, excessive use is often associated with decreased academic engagement and lower performance. This study contributes to the understanding of how patterns of social media use affect academic achievement and highlights the need for targeted interventions to promote balanced media use among high school students. Recommendations for educators and parents are proposed to mitigate the negative effects of social media on academic performance, ultimately creating a more appropriate learning environment.

Trade liberalization and its effect on unemployment have, over the years, attracted greater research and attention from many researchers, given the attendant negative effects it has on the growth of an economy. The study investigated trade liberalization's impact on Nigeria's unemployment from 1981 to 2022. The study divided trade liberalization into exports trade and imports trade. The study employs the Ordinary Lease Square. The study conducted for descriptive statistics tested for unit root where most of the variables like export trade, import trade, real gross domestic product, unemployment, and exchange rate are stationary at first difference I(1), while inflation and foreign direct investment were stationary at level I(0). The study uses to co-integration test to confirm the long-run relationship between trade liberalization (export trade and import trade) and unemployment, and the result shows that there exists a long-run relationship. The result reveals that trade liberalization (both export trade and import trade) has a negative and significant relationship with unemployment in Nigeria; it

ÖZ Dünyada İslami bankacılık veya faizsiz bankacılık ismiyle anılan katılım bankacılığı; ilk olarak İslam ülkelerinde faaliyet göstermekteyken, sonrasında ise Dünya genelinde faaliyet göstermeye başlayan bir bankacılık türü haline gelmiştir. Türkiye'de 1985 yılında Özel Finans Kurumları (ÖFK) adı altında faaliyetlerine başlayıp "19.10.2005 tarihli 5411 sayılı Bankacılık Kanunu" ile banka statüsü kazanarak 2006 yılından itibaren Katılım Bankası adı altında faaliyetlerini sürdürmektedir. Türkiye'de katılım bankaları özellikle 2000'li yıllardan sonra büyük bir ivme kazanmıştır. Türkiye'de 2015 yılının son çeyreğine kadar sadece özel bankalar tarafından hizmet verilirken 2015 yılında kamu bankalarının da bu alana yönelmesiyle daha fazla önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren özel ve kamu katılım bankalarının fon toplama ve fon kullandırma yöntemlerinin etkinliklerini karşılaştırmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda 2016-2020 yıllarını kapsayacak çeyreklik veriler Veri Zarflama Analizi yardımıyla analiz edilerek etkinlik değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Analiz sonuçları Türkiye'deki özel katılım bankalarının personel sayısı, şube sayısı, net kar, toplam aktif ve kullandırılan fonların etkinliği anlamında kamu katılım bankalarının önünde olduğu net bir şekilde ortaya koymaktadır.

The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) enshrined in the Indian Constitution provide the ethical and ideological framework for the State to promote social and economic justice. This research introduces the concept of an Opportunity-Based Economy, emphasizing equitable access to economic resources, education, employment, and social security for all citizens, rather than merely focusing on equal outcomes. The study explores how DPSPs, particularly Articles 39, 41, and 46, can serve not only as the moral foundation but also as practical tools for policymaking. The analysis includes government schemes like Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana, Skill India, and Start-Up India, which embody the principles of DPSPs and reflect their potential for inclusive economic development. The research concludes that if the State actively integrates these constitutional principles into policymaking, India can achieve not only rapid but also just, inclusive, and sustainable growth. The Opportunity-Based Economy model proposed here serves as a beacon for equitable development, both for India and for other developing nations. Introduction: When India attained independence, the vision of its founding leaders extended far beyond the political liberation from colonial rule. Their true ambition was to build a society rooted in social justice, economic equality, and universal dignity. In this pursuit, the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) were enshrined in the Constitution, providing a moral and ethical blueprint for governance aimed at transforming India into a welfare state where opportunities are accessible to all. The concept of an Opportunity-Based Economy emerges as a contemporary extension of this original constitutional vision. It recognizes that true equality is not merely about ensuring identical outcomes but about guaranteeing equitable access to fundamental resources -quality education, healthcare, financial support, and entrepreneurial avenues. Only when citizens start from a level playing field can merit, hard work, and innovation become the true drivers of individual and national growth. In today's rapidly globalizing and technologically evolving world, it is more critical than ever that India aligns its development narrative with the principles of inclusive opportunity. Initiatives like the Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana, Skill India Mission, Start-Up India, Ayushman Bharat, and Digital India are living embodiments of this approach -breathing new life into constitutional ideals that were set forth more than seven decades ago.

Kemiskinan dan ketimpangan ekonomi masih menjadi tantangan besar di banyak negara, bahkan di tengah pertumbuhan yang terus berlanjut. Buku KEMISKINAN DAN PEMBANGUNAN: Mengurai Ketimpangan di Tengah Pertumbuhan membahas bagaimana kemiskinan terbentuk, dampaknya terhadap masyarakat, serta berbagai upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasinya. Buku ini mengulas faktor-faktor penyebab kemiskinan, konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan, serta bagaimana ketimpangan dapat terjadi di negara berkembang maupun maju.

Menyoroti peran kebijakan publik, teknologi, sektor swasta, dan masyarakat dalam menciptakan pembangunan yang lebih inklusif. Berbagai strategi dan solusi dikupas untuk menunjukkan bagaimana kerja sama antara berbagai pihak dapat membantu mengurangi kesenjangan sosial dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan.

Buku ini juga menawarkan wawasan bagi siapa saja yang ingin memahami lebih jauh tentang hubungan antara kemiskinan dan pembangunan. Dengan gaya bahasa yang jelas dan informatif, buku ini dapat menjadi bacaan yang bermanfaat bagi mahasiswa, akademisi, pembuat kebijakan, serta masyarakat umum yang peduli terhadap isu keadilan sosial dan ekonomi.Kemiskinan dan ketimpangan ekonomi masih menjadi tantangan besar di banyak negara, bahkan di tengah pertumbuhan yang terus berlanjut. Buku KEMISKINAN DAN PEMBANGUNAN: Mengurai Ketimpangan di Tengah Pertumbuhan membahas bagaimana kemiskinan terbentuk, dampaknya terhadap masyarakat, serta berbagai upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasinya. Buku ini mengulas faktor-faktor penyebab kemiskinan, konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan, serta bagaimana ketimpangan dapat terjadi di negara berkembang maupun maju.

Menyoroti peran kebijakan publik, teknologi, sektor swasta, dan masyarakat dalam menciptakan pembangunan yang lebih inklusif. Berbagai strategi dan solusi dikupas untuk menunjukkan bagaimana kerja sama antara berbagai pihak dapat membantu mengurangi kesenjangan sosial dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan.

Buku ini juga menawarkan wawasan bagi siapa saja yang ingin memahami lebih jauh tentang hubungan antara kemiskinan dan pembangunan. Dengan gaya bahasa yang jelas dan informatif, buku ini dapat menjadi bacaan yang bermanfaat bagi mahasiswa, akademisi, pembuat kebijakan, serta masyarakat umum yang peduli terhadap isu keadilan sosial dan ekonomi.

xport Pioneers in Latin America is based on a collection of working papers on the emergence of new export activities written by different country experts, under the auspices of the IDB Research Department and the IDB Latin American Research Network. Under the guidance of Eduardo Fernández-Arias and Ernesto Stein as coordinators of the project, and Ricardo Hausmann and Andrés Rodríguez-Clare as academic advisors, nine teams in seven countries produced detailed country papers encompassing more than 30 cases of successful new export activities in Latin America. Building on this set of country chapters, Charles Sabel wrote an introductory chapter and, together with Eduardo Fernández-Arias and Ernesto Stein, selected a number of cases for the book and compiled them into the cohesive set of chapters that follow. However, a great deal of work by many people went into each of these studies, and the authors would like to thank them all for their valuable contributions. For excellent background research, we thank Development Alternatives International (DAI),

dönemi için aylık veriler kullanarak Türkiye'de ihracat ile büyüme arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmaktır. Bir diğer ifadeyle, ihracata dayalı büyüme hipotezi test edilmektedir. Aylık bazda seriler dolayısıyla gayri safi yurt içi hasıla yerine sanayi üretim endeksi kullanılmaktadır. Birim kök testleri sonucunda aynı dereceden bütünleşik oldukları tespit edilen ihracat, ithalat, dış ticaret hadleri ve sanayi üretim endeksi değişkenleri arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişkiler Johansen eşbütünleşme analizi çerçevesinde değerlendirilmektedir. Test edilen uzun dönemli ilişkinin varlığına bağlı olarak, hata düzeltme modeli (VECM) tahmin edilmiştir. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişkilerin yönünü belirlemek amacıyla hata düzeltme modeline bağlı Granger nedensellik testleri ve Toda ve Yamamoto (1995) tarafından tanımlanan dönüştürülmüş Wald (MWALD) testleri uygulanmaktadır. Toda ve Yamamoto yöntemine göre, ihracata dayalı büyüme hipotezini destekleyecek bir şekilde, ihracattan sanayi üretim endeksine doğru tek yönlü Granger nedensellik olgusu gözlemlenmiştir. Bunun dışında, ihracat ile dış ticaret hadleri arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi elde edilmiştir.

This paper argues that economic discrimination (ED) can promote shared and inclusive growth when instituted by the trinity of economic development, market, corporation, and government. In contrast, Economic Egalitarianism (EE) will work against it. ED means treating economic differences differently, while EE means treating economic differences equally or indifferently. As a pinnacle of ED institutions in the capitalist economy, corporate organizations play a crucial role in shared and inclusive growth. An empirical study utilizing crosscountry panel data and time series data for the US and Korea shows: 1) Income grows with corporate growth but declines with the extent of the EE-based redistributive welfare state. 2) Income distribution improves with corporate growth but worsens with the extent of the EE-based redistributive welfare state. 3) Income distribution coevolves with income growth. These results imply that a polarized economic stagnation may be due to stagnation of corporate growth and an overrun redistributive welfare state lacking ED incentives. The sustainable redistributive welfare state in capitalism can be attainable only by strengthening the corporate sector's growth and introducing ED incentives into the welfare system.

Regional Operations Department 2 (RE2) is pleased to make available to the interested public this study of the impact of the emergence of China on Central American economies, with special emphasis on Guatemala and Honduras. China's opening to international trade and to direct investment, combined with the spectacular growth of its economy, is one of the most remarkable developments in the latter part of the twentieth century. All indications are that this growth, as an open market economy is being consolidated, is going to continue for some time, and that China will continue to pursue its long-term economic potential at a rapid pace. The issue of the China's impact is generally approached from the standpoint of threats hovering over the economies of Central America (and of others in Region 2, such as Mexico and the Dominican Republic), without noting that the rapid growth and great openness of the Chinese economy also present new potentialities that the countries of the region could turn to their own advantage. This study presents analyses and recommendations for enhancing the competitive advantages already developed by Central American countries, particularly in the apparel and textiles sector, and others envisioned as possible, vis-à-vis the challenges that they face from the strong competitiveness of Chinese industries. But it also considers how to take advantage of the new opportunities offered by the Chinese market for exports of the region's goods and tourist services, and also the policies needed to begin to attract direct investment from that country.

India’s tribal population is a sizeable minority with distinctive cultural identities, traditions, and beliefs. The Indian government has introduced a number of Programmes and schemes to support their socio-economic development. This Programme aims to provide the tribal population with basic necessities like housing, healthcare, education, and sanitation facilities. The Nagaland government has put into place a number of Programmes to support the socio-economic development of tribal communities within the state. These Programmes are intended to offer financial and other forms of support to assist tribal communities in raising their standard of living and enhancing their standard of living, education, and health. These Programmemes are aimed at giving tribal communities financial support, technical support, and capacity building to enable them to engage in income-generating activities, increase the productivity of their agriculture, and gain access to better healthcare and education. ...

The study examined computerized accounting system and fraud prevention in public sector organizations in Rivers State, Nigeria. The Specific objectives of the study among others were to; examine the relationship between government integrated financial management information system (GIFMIS) and payroll fraud (PF). Also, examine the relationship between treasury single account (TSA) and payroll fraud (PF). Examine the relationship between integrated payroll and personnel information system (IPPIS) and payroll fraud (PF). This study adopted correlational survey research design. The targeted population consisted fifteen (15) federal public sector organizations in Rivers state, Nigeria. The instrument for this study was primary data. The formulated research questions were analyzed with descriptive statistics. The hypotheses were tested using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Model regression analysis with the aid of E-view (10). The findings of the study among others shows that; there is a significant relationship between government integrated financial management information system and payroll fraud in federal public sector organizations in Rivers state, Nigeria. Also, there is a significant relationship between treasury single account and payroll fraud in federal public sector organizations in Rivers state, Nigeria. And there is no significant relationship between treasury single account and payroll fraud in federal public sector organizations in Rivers state, Nigeria. Based on the synopsis of the findings the study advances the following recommendations that though, government integrated financial management information system has contributed significantly to payroll fraud prevention. There is necessity for the of Nigerian government to be proactive in the combat against fraud in its civil service, the federal government should continue to operate with the principles of single treasury account because of the positive influence it has on the effectiveness of public finance management in areas of fraud control and accurate accounting, Ministries, public enterprises and parastatals should regularly monitor their top administrative and management activities and prosecute any officer(s) found embezzling public funds and make the head of account unit answerable for any such misappropriation.

Bu calismada Turkiye’de faaliyet gosteren Katilim Bankalari ve Ticari Bankalar analiz edilmistir. Bankalarin kriz oncesi donemi (2005-2008), kriz donemi (2008-2011) ve kriz sonrasi donemi (2011-2015) verileri kullanilarak analiz gerceklestirilmistir. Calisma kapsamina toplam 13 banka (3 Katilim Bankasi, 10 Ticari Banka) alinmistir. Bankalarin mali performanslari donem donem degerlendirilmistir. Bu donem icerisinde varligi gorulen Bank Asya faaliyetlerinin sonlandirilmasindan dolayi degerlendirilme disinda birakilmistir. Analizde kullanilan mali veriler Bankacilik Duzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu (BDDK), Turkiye Bankalar Birligi (TBB), Turkiye Katilim bankalari Birligi (TKBB) ve ilgili internet sitelerinden alinmistir. Bankalarin performansi cok kriterli karar verme yontemlerinden TOPSIS yontemiyle olculmustur. Calisma sonucunda Turkiye’nin diger ulkelere bakilarak beklenenden daha iyi performans gosterdigi bunun nedeninin de 2001 krizinde yasanan olumsuzluklardan sonra onlemlerini almi...

Tento dokument je finálnym materiálom ktorý vzišiel z rokovania pracovnej skupiny Národného konventu v Košiciach 13. októbra 2021 na tému úniku mozgov. Podkladový materiál pre rokovanie, rovnako, ako finálnu verziu v súlade so zadaním Slovenskej spoločnosti pre zahraničnú politiku a závermi rokovania pracovnej skupiny vypracoval Anton Marcinčin a recenzoval Eduard Donauer. Cieľom materiálu je stručne informovať o stave a hlavných výhodách a nevýhodách prebiehajúcej emigrácie pracovnej sily zo Slovenska a navrhnúť odporúčania pre politiky vlády a samospráv.

Behavioral finance informs that investors will not always act rationally, and that they will act under the influence of various behavioral prejudices while making investment decisions. Whether it's the stock market or the crypto asset market, it has been demonstrated by a variety of research in which such behavior can be exhibited. In this context, the existence of herd behavior in crypto assets with close values in terms of transaction volume and size, especially Bitcoin, which is one of the important assets of crypto asset markets, constitutes the subject of this study. For this purpose, the market capitalization (dependent variable) of Crypto assets, Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Binance Coin, Tether, Cardano, Dogecoin, Tron (Independent variables) were used as variables of the study. The study covers the period between 01.01.2018-27.11.2023. The Horizontal Cross-Sectional Absolute Deviation (CSAD) method developed by Chrisrie and Huang (1995) and Chang, Cheng and Khorona (2000) was used to test herd behavior. The daily opening values of the variables used in the study were used in the analysis. As a result of the study, it was concluded that anti-herd behavior was exhibited in the specified period in crypto asset markets.

Drawing inferences from literature and empirical data which clearly establish a strong and positive correlation between women's empowerment and entrepreneurship, this paper presents an innovative social enterprise idea system. This comprises a direct farm-to-home bespoke omnichannel model powered by advance indent orders. The offline presence is augmented by our 3000 strong women franchisee network which enables women's empowerment and parallelly supported by our native online capability. The model has twin objectives. One, to increase farmers share in end-customer price to 50 percent by 2020 and two, to offer farm fresh produce to the customers at 10 percent less than local retail price at their own convenient time and at their own doorstep. This will have high social impact on the bottom-of-the-pyramid beneficiaries -farmers and women franchisees who earn less than $5 per day. This will directly uplift them from below poverty line, empowering them to lead dignified, fulfilling lives. (150 words

This analytical opinion piece explores the distinct benefits and obstacles associated with household-based and school-based surveys for gathering data on adolescent health behaviour in the Malaysian context. The paper examines numerous essential factors such as sampling methods, data integrity challenges, logistical barriers, privacy issues, and ethical conflicts by utilizing the writers' personal experiences from conducting the Adolescents' Module during both the household-based Malaysia Health Literacy Survey (MHLS) 2023 and the MyMOHLA-Q 2023 school pilot test. Household-based surveys achieve broad representational sampling yet encounter challenges with participant response rates and logistical obstacles, including accessing individuals in remote locations. In contrast, school-based surveys benefit from increased response rates and controlled settings yet face challenges due to restricted school access and selection bias, which may result in unrepresentative data for students outside the school system. The experience-derived insights serve as a tool for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners to identify suitable data collection methods for effective adolescent behaviour studies.

A Nation’s real success depends on its skilled work force. The skilled workforce gives an added advantage for running the wheel of the manufacturing and service operations. In order to focus more on competitive priorities, organizations give more emphasis on skilled workforce and thus skill development. Skill development has been considered one of the critical aspects for job creation in India. Hence Government of India has been working on long term strategic plans for skill development of Indian youth from rural and urban areas for their employment and empowerment. Without the required opportunities the challenges of unemployment in the country will never get resolved. Post-independence there were establishment of Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs), thus ITIs are one of the pioneering steps towards ensuring a steady flow of skilled workers in different trades for the industry. At present there is around 14,886 affiliated ITIs which are active in India catering 143 number of tech...

Öz: Şirket yönetiminin temel amacı uygun yatırım ve finansman politikaları seçerek şirketin piyasa değerini maksimize etmektir. Özellikle yüksek büyüme potansiyeline sahip şirketlerin kazançlarını yeni yatırımlara aktarması, yeni nakit akışları ve hisse senedi getirileri imkânı da sunmaktadır. Buradan hareketle çalışmanın temel amacı, şirketlerin yatırım tutarını etkileyen şirkete özgü değişkenlerin araştırılması olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda BIST Tüm Endeksi'nde yer alan ve mali kuruluş kapsamında olmayan 128 şirketin, 2012-2021 döneminde şirkete özgü değişkenleri ile yatırım tutarları arasındaki ilişki Panel Regresyon Analizi ile incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre likit varlıklar, dönem sonu net kar, kısa vadeli borçlar, uzun vadeli borçlar, vergi tutarı ve şirket büyüklüğü değişkenleri ile yatırım harcamaları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu değişkenlerden büyüklük ile yatırım harcamaları arasında pozitif, diğer değişkenlerle yatırım harcamaları arasında ise negatif yönlü bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir.

The growing integration of economies and societies all over the world has been one of the most discussed topics in international economics for several years. Globalization has many dimensions and with it a variety of social, political and economic implications. This paper examines the causal relationship between globalization and economic growth in Nigeria from 1981 to 2012. Time series data was used and sourced from the CBN Statistical Bulletin and Annual reports. The stationarity of the variables were tested using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) unit root tests. They were found to be integrated of order I (1). Hence, the null hypotheses of having a unit root were rejected and all the series were used in our cointegration test after first difference. The variables used in the model were GDP, Financial integration, human resource development (HRD) and trade openness (OPEN). Cointegration result indicates the existence of a long run equilibrium relationship...

This study aimed to examine, model, and compared the impact of investing in some social infrastructures like; transportation, communication technology, power, and educational sector indicators to the economic growth and development of Nigeria. This is important because of their incomparable contributions to the growth and development of a Nation. The data utilized in this study were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin, 2021 edition. The collected data were analyzed using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The existence of co-integration between investment in the four social infrastructures and economic growth was confirmed by the ARDL bound. The empirical findings revealed that investment in power has a positive but insignificant long-run effect on economic growth, investment in education positively and significantly affects economic growth while investment in transportation and communication technology were found to be insignificant wit...

مستخلص البحث يصبح التمكين الاقتصادي للمجتمع اليوم تركيز الحكومة في دفع عجلة الاقتصاد في إندونيسيا. التنمية المجتمعية القائمة على الأصول هي واحدة من طرق النهج في تمكين المجتمع الاقتصادي. وحيثما تصبح أصول القرية، مثل الطبيعة والموارد البشرية وغيرها، تمكينا محتملا وتوزيعا لسكان القرية. بوجون كيدول هي واحدة من القرية التي يعتقد الباحثون في استخدام هذه الطريقة. وفي هذه الحالة، تشارك جميع عناصر المواطنين وأجهزة القرية أيضا في تنمية اقتصاد القرية وتمكينها. إن نجاح التمكين في هذا المجتمع يتم وفقا للمبادئ الإسلامية للشريعة. في النظارات الإسلامية، التمكين الاقتصادي هو شكل من أشكال الرعاية، فضلا عن تحسين المبادئ نحو أفضل. ولذلك، يتم إجراء هذا البحث لمعرفة وتحليل كيفية التمكين الاقتصادي، وخاصة في قرية بوجون كيدول باستخدام نهج تنمية المجتمع القائم على الأصول مع تطبيق الشريعة المقدسية فيه. واستخدمت هذه الدراسة نهجا يافيا في هذا النوع من دراسة الحالة. تم الحصول على البيانات من هذه الدراسة من خلال إجراء ملاحظات، مقابلات، ووثائق. في حين يتم تحليل البيانات عن طريق طريقة التثليث لمعرفة صحة البيانات ال...

Unemployment is the labor issue often faced by every country in the world, including developing countries. The unemployment rate is an important indicator for the economic development of a country in general. This study aimed to determine the effect simultaneously and partially economic growth (X1), inflation (X2) and investments (X3) of the Unemployment in province of Bali (Y). The data used in this research is secondary data. The data collected is done by non-participant observation. Data analysis techniques used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis. The test results with Eviews 6 obtain the results of economic growth (X1), inflation (X2), and investments (X3) simultaneously have significant effect on unemployment in the province of Bali (Y). In partial results of economic growth (X1), and inflation (X2) not have significant impact on unemployment in the province of Bali (Y), while variable investment (X3) have significant negative effect on unemployment in the ...

William Terryberry is best known for his inn, which is now the "Terryberry Library" in Hamilton, Ontario. William Terryberry (Durenberger of Swiss origin) was born in 1779 on Schooley's Mountain, Morris County, New Jersey and married Annie Young (Jung) of the same vicinity in 1799. Terryberry and 6 brothers and a sister all migrated to the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario before the War of 1812. William and David opened inns along what is today Mohawk Road in Hamilton, Ontario. William purchased many hundreds of acres of land between the "Mountain Brow" and the Grand River Indian lands. He became the wealthiest individual in Barton Township, with an ostentatious display of a sliver adorned carriage - and yet he was in almost constant trouble with the law. His crimes were allegedly everything from simple assault to murder. William died in 1847 and Annie lived until 1869. Both were buried in the Barton Stone Church Cemetery.

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) dan Unit Usaha Syariah (UUS) dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis, mengevaluasi dan mengetahui perkembangan pembiayaan produktif UMKM, mengukur potensi kerugian dari penyaluran dua jenis pembiayaan produktif UMKM berdasarkan jenis penggunaannya (pembiayaan modal kerja UMKM, Pembiayaan Investasi UMKM) pada BUS dan UUS di Indonesia. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan untuk menganalisis perkembangan pembiayaan produktif UMKM ialah analisis deskriptif dengan menggunakan data skunder yang diperoleh dari data Statistik Perbankan Syariah tahun 2015-2017. Sedangkan untuk menganalisis potensi kerugian metode yang digunakan adalah Value at Risk dengan pendekatan Variance-Covariance. Hasil analisis deskriptif pembiayaan produktif UMKM pada BUS dan UUS mengalami perkembangan cukup baik, karena selain dapat menyalurkan pembiayaan dengan pertumbuhan rata-rata sebesar 11,4% untuk modal kerja dan 19,9% untuk investasi selama periode 2015-2017, nilai NPF pada kedua jenis pembiayaan produktif menurun setiap tahun. Adapun dari hasil penelitian Value at Risk (VaR) pembiayaan produktif yang digunakan untuk modal kerja memiliki prospektif yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pembiayaan produktif yang digunakan untuk investasi.

The article's primary contribution to the existing literature on education in Argentina is it delves into the nation's educations policies, compares relevant economic indicators with the aggregate trends of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, El Salvador, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The study is among a few studies that have examined Argentina's educational policies and compared them to the stated countries, making the paper unique and of great value to economists, educationalists, and the economic development department in Argentina.

Made Andiana 62222108
Pengaruh Resiko Pembiayaan dan Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Bank Capitalization Ratio: Studi Empiris Bank Devisa Syariah di Indonesia Periode 2020-2024
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh risiko pembiayaan dan kinerja keuangan terhadap Bank Capitalization Ratio (BCR) pada bank devisa syariah di Indonesia selama periode 2020-2024. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Non-Performing Financing (NPF), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), dan Return on Assets (ROA) sebagai variabel independen, serta Bank Capitalization Ratio (BCR) sebagai variabel dependen.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan regresi data panel. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari laporan keuangan bank devisa syariah yang terdaftar di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dan Statistik Perbankan Syariah (SPS) selama periode penelitian. Teknik analisis dilakukan dengan perangkat lunak E-Views.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Non-Performing Financing (NPF) memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap Bank Capitalization Ratio (BCR). Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) juga memiliki pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap BCR, menunjukkan bahwa penyaluran pembiayaan yang tidak seimbang dapat melemahkan permodalan bank. Return on Assets (ROA) memiliki pengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap BCR, yang menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan profitabilitas belum tentu mendukung penguatan modal bank syariah. Secara simultan, ketiga variabel independen tersebut memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap BCR. Model Fixed Effect Model (FEM) dipilih sebagai model terbaik dalam penelitian ini berdasarkan uji Chow dan uji Hausman.
Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting bagi manajemen bank syariah dalam mengelola risiko pembiayaan, menjaga keseimbangan penyaluran dana, serta mengalokasikan laba secara efektif untuk memperkuat permodalan bank. Bagi regulator, hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi acuan dalam merumuskan kebijakan yang mendukung stabilitas dan keberlanjutan industri perbankan syariah di Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Non-Performing Financing, Financing to Deposit Ratio, Return on Assets, Bank Capitalization Ratio, Bank Devisa Syariah

Many development economists believe that remittances by the migrant workers are an important source of long rum growth. Therefore, recent studies have investigated the indirect and direct effects remittances on the growth rates of the recipient countries. This paper analyses the strength of these effects with a common data set and with alternative methods of estimation. It is found that while the evidence supports the indirect effects of remittances, the direct growth effects of remittances seem to be insignificant.

Development economists believe that migrant workers' remittances are an important source of funds for long run growth. Therefore, recent studies have investigated the growth effects of remittances and reached different conclusions. In many such studies the growth of output is simply regressed on both remittances and the channels through which remittances affect growth. Thus there is no distinction between the indirect and direct growth effects of remittances and such specifications may give unreliable estimates because of the correlation between the channels and remittances. In this paper we make a distinction between the indirect and direct effects of remittances. Our model is estimated with panel data of 40 high remittance recipient countries and a system GMM panel data estimation method.

This thesis explores the growth effects of remittances by using some extensions to the growth model. Using a recent approach popularised by Rao, we estimate an extended production function to analyse the long run growth effects of remittances with both the cross country and country specific estimation methods. Our cross country estimates use data from a panel of 40 high remittance recipient countries. In this process we found that, it is necessary to make a distinction between the direct and indirect growth effects of remittances. Existing studies do not make this distinction and estimate only the direct growth effects. Furthermore, they also fail to make a distinction between the transitionary and permanent growth effects of remittances although they clearly state that their main objective is to estimate the latter. We find that the direct growth effects of remittances, as in the existing studies, are insignificant or even negative. However, many development economists believe that the growth effects of remittances are positive and remittances are an important source of funds to invest in human and physical capital. Therefore, the findings by several econometric studies that the direct growth effects of remittances are negligible have become somewhat controversial. This controversy has become more acute because to the best of our knowledge development economists did not produce any econometric results that support their belief. To resolve this controversy, we made the distinction between the direct and indirect growth effects of remittances. Remittances may have large or small indirect growth effects through their effects on a few intermediate variables that have permanent growth effects. Examples of these intermediate channel variables are investment ratio, development of the financial sector, exchange rate and volatility in output etc. We find that such indirect growth effects of remittances are small but positive. However, these indirect growth effects may be country specific. Therefore, we also estimate these indirect growth effects with the country specific data. There is convincing and uncontroversial evidence that remittances are pro poor as iii they help to reduce poverty in the recipient economies. Therefore, we also estimate these welfare effects of remittances with alternative measures of poverty. Our results show that these welfare effects are significant. The thesis raises some methodological issues on estimating the growth effects of remittances or any other growth enhancing variables like trade openness and investment ratio etc. Although it is difficult to resolve these methodological issues in this thesis, the main contribution of this thesis is to show that Rao's approach for estimating the permanent growth effects is a pragmatic option. Needless to say, like all other methodological issues, this issue cannot be resolved to the satisfaction of all. Therefore, further analysis and research is necessary into these methodological issues, which is beyond the scope of a single contribution.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between remittances and poverty through the human capital channel in developing countries, which has received less attention in the literature. Design/methodology/approach: The paper applied the system GMM developed by Arellano and Bond (1991) and Arellano and Bover (1995) containing 54 developing countries. This estimator is appropriate compared to a cross-section technique because it controls for the endogeneity of all explanatory variables, includes unobserved country-specific effects and allows for the inclusion of lagged dependent variables. Findings: The results suggest that, while remittances reduced poverty, the effect is moderated via education. A 1 percent increase in remittances reduces the poverty headcount by 0.47 percent, while the reduction is 0.33 percent via education. The marginal effect of remittances is negatively related to the level of education, indicating that education mitigates the effect of remittances on poverty. Practical implications: This paper includes the implications for the policymakers to justify the need for more effective approaches. It is useful to identify whether and how remittances and human capital interact in their effect on poverty when deciding the most desirable allocation of available resources between these two priorities. Originality/value This paper takes a step forward filling the limited evidence on the role of human capital in remittances-poverty relationship in developing countries. Different from the existing studies which have used the traditional panel estimators, this study utilizes the dynamic panel estimators such as system GMM to tackle the specification issues of endogeneity, measurement errors and heterogeneity.

This study investigates the perception of Nigerian Christian religious students on the impact of online loans on mental health. University students in Nigeria face financial hardship due to economic constraints, leading some to seek online loans, which can have devastating consequences on mental health. A mixed-methods approach was employed, using surveys and interviews to collect data from 53 Christian religious students in Lagos, Nigeria. The study found that younger students were more likely to use online loans, and 90% of respondents were concerned about the impact of online loans on mental health. Respondents reported feeling stressed, anxious, and fearful due to online loan debt. This study highlights the need for universities and policymakers to address the financial struggles of students and provide alternative financial assistance options. The findings also emphasize the importance of financial literacy and responsible lending practices to mitigate the negative impact of online loans on mental health. Universities should provide financial counseling and support services to students, and policymakers should regulate online lending practices to protect vulnerable borrowers. Future research should explore the development of financial literacy programmes and alternative financial assistance options for university students. This study contributes to the understanding of the impact of online loans on mental health among Nigerian university students, highlighting the need for proactive measures to address financial struggles and promote responsible lending practices.

This study investigates the perception of Nigerian Christian religious students on the impact of online loans on mental health. University students in Nigeria face financial hardship due to economic constraints, leading some to seek online loans, which can have devastating consequences on mental health. A mixed-methods approach was employed, using surveys and interviews to collect data from 53 Christian religious students in Lagos, Nigeria. The study found that younger students were more likely to use online loans, and 90% of respondents were concerned about the impact of online loans on mental health. Respondents reported feeling stressed, anxious, and fearful due to online loan debt. This study highlights the need for universities and policymakers to address the financial struggles of students and provide alternative financial assistance options. The findings also emphasize the importance of financial literacy and responsible lending practices to mitigate the negative impact of online loans on mental health. Universities should provide financial counseling and support services to students, and policymakers should regulate online lending practices to protect vulnerable borrowers. Future research should explore the development of financial literacy programmes and alternative financial assistance options for university students. This study contributes to the understanding of the impact of online loans on mental health among Nigerian university students, highlighting the need for proactive measures to address financial struggles and promote responsible lending practices.

Birth registration is a fundamental right crucial for establishing citizenship and informing policy decisions, yet many children in developing nations like Nigeria remain unregistered. This study investigates the determinants of birth registration in Nigeria at both the individual and state levels. Analyzing data from 30,154 children under five years from Nigeria's 2021 Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS), we find significant disparities in registration rates across demographic and socioeconomic factors, as well as among Nigerian states. Multilevel logistic regression reveals associations between registration likelihood and variables such as child age, maternal education, household wealth, urban residency, and health care utilization. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to ensure universal birth registration and safeguard children's rights. Recommendations in education and financial barriers, enhancing inter-agency collaborations, utilizing native language media for education, and implementing mobile registration offices and SMS-based reporting systems to improve registration coverage and accessibility.