Emotion

Behavioral studies indicate that adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are associated with altered empathic responding, but the neural mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. Given the significance of empathy in contexts marred by historical conflict and systemic inequality, work on these mechanisms is particularly important in such contexts. The current study extends previous work by (1) examining associations of different dimensions of ACE with volumetric change in empathy-related circuitry, (2) distinguishing between trait and state empathy, and (3) including perceived discrimination as an additional psychosocial stressor. Thirty-nine healthy South African adults from the general population (M age = 40.6 years) underwent 3 T MRI. FreeSurfer v6.0 was used to extract predefined volumes subserving empathy. Results showed that childhood abuse and perceived discrimination were associated with reduced state empathic concern, whereas childhood neglect was associated with reduced trait cognitive empathy. Childhood abuse was furthermore associated with volumetric increases in frontolimbic (hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)) and neocortical (superior frontal and temporal) regions subserving affective and cognitive empathy, and uniquely mediated the relationship between ACC volume and perceived discrimination. The association of ACE with altered empathic responding may thus be underpinned by specific circuitry reflective of adversity type, with childhood abuse contributing to heightened responsivity to socioemotional cues.

The presence of elevated callous unemotional (CU) traits seems to designate a distinct group of children and adolescents with serious conduct problems. However, the extent to which CU traits impact the aversive reaction to harm is still a contentious issue. Here, we examined the effective connectivity seeded in the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex in a large number of children (N = 123, age 9-11, 60 females) with various levels of conduct disorder (CD) symptoms in response to visual stimuli depicting other people being physically injured. Perceiving others being harmed was associated with increased hemodynamic activity in the left amygdala and right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ). Children with higher callous traits showed less functional connectivity seeded in anterior cingulate with left amygdala and anterior insula. Conversely, CD symptoms were positively related to connectivity of insula with rTPJ. Overall, these results suggest that callousness is marked by the di...

Though traditional accounts of moral development focus on the development of rational and deliberate thinking, recent work in developmental affective neuroscience suggests that moral cognition is tightly related to affective and emotional processing. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies show age-related changes in response to empathy-eliciting stimuli, with a gradual shift from the monitoring of somatovisceral responses in young children mediated by the amygdala, insula and medial aspect of the orbitofrontal cortex, to the executive control and evaluation of emotion processing implemented by the ventromedial prefrontal cortex in older participants. These data indicate that the development of moral reasoning involves the increasing integration of empathic emotion-related somatovisceral responses with more complex social-reasoning abilities.

Facial expressions play a critical role in social interactions by eliciting rapid responses in the observer. Failure to perceive and experience a normal range and depth of emotion seriously impact interpersonal communication and relationships. As has been demonstrated across a number of domains, abnormal emotion processing in individuals with psychopathy plays a key role in their lack of empathy. However, the neuroimaging literature is unclear as to whether deficits are specific to particular emotions such as fear and perhaps sadness. Moreover, findings are inconsistent across studies. In the current experiment, eighty adult incarcerated males scoring high, medium, and low on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) underwent fMRI scanning while viewing dynamic facial expressions of fear, sadness, happiness and pain. Participants who scored high on the PCL-R showed a reduction in neuro-hemodynamic response to all four categories of facial expressions in the face processing network (inferior occipital gyrus, fusiform gyrus, STS) as well as the extended network (inferior frontal gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex), which supports a pervasive deficit across emotion domains. Unexpectedly, the response in dorsal insula to fear, sadness and pain was greater in psychopaths than non-psychopaths. Importantly, the orbitofrontal cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex, regions critically implicated in affective and motivated behaviors, were significantly less active in individuals with psychopathy during the perception of all four emotional expressions.

The role of NCCARF is to lead the research community in a national interdisciplinary effort to generate the information needed by decision-makers in government, business and in vulnerable sectors and communities to manage the risk of climate change impacts. The views expressed herein are not necessarily the views of the Commonwealth or NCCARF, and neither the Commonwealth nor NCCARF accept responsibility for information or advice contained herein.

Philosophical Counseling (PhilC) strives to attain a higher state of the wisdom of an ordinary 'sane' person through reflection upon life using rigorous conceptual inquiry, and is primarily not meant for curing mental disorders. It may deal with problem-solving of routine life but through developing existential insights about the nature of self, life, mind, other minds, and thus developing resilience against hostile conditions of life, which can help one attain "authenticity" in their existence. In this vein, the metaphysical framework of Heideggerian phenomenology and its implications for practicing PhilC are especially relevant and are discussed in this paper. The paper coins new concepts "philosophical quotient" (PhilQ) & "authenticity quotient" (AQ) and connects them. From Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty, we can identify four elements of an Existential Structure of human existence. However, this paper proposes that this structure should be identified as Default Existential Structure (DES) and is valid only for an unreflecting 'inauthentic' being having low PhilQ. This structure can be transformed into a Transformed Existential Structure (TES) through conscious philosophical practice or counseling which may raise the PhilQ of the practitioners. The paper also discusses a few possible methods to meet this goal and the implications of developing higher PhilQ for individuals and society.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo principal elaborar un programa de intervención motora (PIM), compuesto de música y danza creativa, dirigido a investigar sus efectos sobre las habilidades emocionales del ser humano. Para ello, se administró una batería de Test que mide las diferencias individuales en las destrezas para ser conscientes de sus propias emociones, así como la capacidad para poder regularlas, utilizando la escala adaptada al castellano: Trait Meta-Mood Scale 24 (TMMS-24). El diseño de un programa de intervención motora (PIM), utilizando como variables independientes patrones musicales y secuencias de danza, trata de constatar el impacto que la actividad física vs expresiva, y patrones sonoros tiene sobre variables emocionales, y la importancia que tiene identificar, regular, controlar y facilitar el estado emocional propio, que propicia la adaptación y comprensión emocional a nivel grupal. Los sujetos experimentales son estudiantes universitarios de primer curso de Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte. En el proceso se puede observar como el ámbito de la actividad física tiene una relación bidireccional sobre el abordaje emocional, obteniendo conclusiones interesantes sobre este ámbito de estudio, y su posible repercusión en la creación de actitudes morales y éticas positivas.

This paper explores the connection between various forms of anxiety and panic attacks and deficits in the development of core emotional competencies: neutralization, mentalization, object wholeness and object constancy, tolerance of ambivalence and frustration, will, and initiative. These competencies represent fundamental emotional processing and regulation capacities that enable individuals to cope with life's challenges and the emotions they evoke. When underdeveloped, each of these competencies gives rise to a specific form of anxiety: a deficit in neutralization leads to anxiety related to emotional overload and loss of control; impaired mentalization is associated with social anxiety and misinterpretation of one's own and others' actions; a lack of object wholeness results in persecutory anxiety and fear of disillusionment or guilt when love and aggression are directed toward the same object; compromised object constancy underlies separation anxiety; low frustration tolerance manifests as anxiety in the face of unmet needs; insufficient ambivalence tolerance produces decisionmaking anxiety; a weakened will leads to anxiety around self-support and persistence; and deficits in initiative evoke fears of visibility, rivalry, and symbolic "castration anxiety." These distinct anxieties are frequently observed in clients suffering from one of the eight identified types of panic attacks. Identifying the specific fears associated with each underdeveloped emotional competency allows clinicians to detect areas of deficit and focus therapeutic work on unlocking and strengthening the relevant capacity, using targeted techniques outlined in the taxonomy of therapeutic goals within OLI Integrative Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.

This chapter situates William James’s philosophy within the history of science, emphasizing that his “radical empiricism” did not entail a wholesale rejection of rationalism. James was sharply critical of British empiricism—particularly Herbert Spencer’s neo-Lamarckian claim that the environment imprints itself on a passive mind across both ontogenetic and phylogenetic scales. In repudiating this view, James embraced aspects of post-Kantian rationalism and drew on the Darwinian notion of indirect adaptation to argue that the mind deploys filtering mechanisms—arising independently of sensory content—to select or neglect aspects of environmental experience. Whereas rationalists after Kant often treated logic or conceptual categories as the primary structuring forces of experience, James advanced a value-laden epistemology: he maintained that interests and emotions shape perception and belief, thus defending what might—oxymoronically—be called an affective rationalism. Certain metaphysical assumptions that scientists continue to adopt, knowingly or not, and which James defended as part of his pragmatic criteria, are likewise value laden. Though the focus is on James, this chapter also examines extensions of his ideas that show up in John Dewey’s constructivist account of how appearances and realities—here equivalent to one another—are concretely (really) generated in the world through human activity.

In order to explain relevant health status dimensions in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), this ex post facto study explores relationships between control beliefs, illness-focused coping and emotions. The study additionally sought to clarify the role of coping and emotions as potential mediators in the relationship between control beliefs and perceived health outcomes. Structural equation modelling was employed. A total of 315 FMS patients of various primary care and rheumatology centres participated in the study, and completed measures of health status, control beliefs, coping, anxiety and depression. Analyses revealed that control belief constructs that contain the competence element (self-efficacy and perceived health competence) have a direct effect on all health status areas examined. The findings also suggested the mediating role of emotions between competence beliefs and both physical and psychosocial impact, while illness-coping behaviour significantly mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and physical impact. Control beliefs and emotions are central elements in explaining the overall impact of FMS. Therapeutic efforts should emphasize increasing competence beliefs in order to produce meaningful improvement in FMS emotional 1 This research was supported by a grant from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FISS 99-0858). We express appreciation to Dr. Juan Carlos Marzo for his assistance in statistical analyses, and physicians who agree to participate for examining patients.

The recent interest in the relation between translation and ideology led to the following research based on the translation of Kṛṣṇa text. The Indian short story for Kṛṣṇa; The Supreme Personality of Godhead and its translation for Kṛṣṇa: Personalitas Tuhan Yang Maha Esa (English to Indonesia) to highlight how the translation ideology applied in transferring the meaning of emotions. If external influences cannot be avoided, a translation should respect its main scope of being the source for a cultural change. Therefore, the two questions that have eventually to be answered are how does the translation ideology related to the word of emotions in the common culture reader. Reasoning about the factors underlying the translation ideology applied towards Indonesian culture.

MORAL LIFE robert c. roberts first presented his vivid account of emotions as "concern-based construals" in his book Emotions: An Essay in Aid of Moral Psychology (Cambridge University Press , 2003). In this new book he extends that account to the moral life. He explores the ways in which emotions can be a basis for moral judgments, how they account for the deeper moral identity of actions we perform, how they are constitutive of morally toned personal relationships like friendship, enmity, collegiality, and parenthood, and how pleasant and unpleasant emotions interact with our personal wellbeing (eudaimonia). He then sketches how, by means of their moral dimensions, emotions participate in our virtues and vices, and, for better or worse, express our moral character. His rich study will interest a wide range of readers working on virtue ethics, moral psychology, and emotion theory.

This article focuses on one of the most evident aspects of the ongoing climate crisis: the quick reduction or loss of glacier masses in different areas of the planet. In this context we call for the pertinence and relevance of emotional engagement and expanded collaboration in research on ecological issues. Integrating disciplinary perspectives on glaciers, drawn from the environmental sciences, the environmental humanities, and forensic archeology, this article explores shared concerns with the loss and change of crucially important glacier ecosystems, and erosion of the imagination, cultural identity, and emotional connections linked to these natural phenomena. Awareness of loss, however, is argued here as critical to engendering engagement with emotions-in research, scientific dissemination efforts, and among the public at large. This, coupled with expanded collaboration (i.e. an interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaboration), may contribute to the development of more impactful scientific research and communication on ecological topics relevant to broader human-environment challenges.

Few empirical studies have focused on young children's happiness (high positive affect and low negative affect) and specifically whether it is related to adult wellbeing. Adult well-being indices (e.g., life satisfaction, workplace hope, and optimism) may have developmental roots in early affect. In the 28-year Fullerton Longitudinal Study (N = 129) we examined positive affect and negative affect as independent constructs during infancy (parent report) and adolescence (self-report) to determine their relationship to global adult life satisfaction (self-report). In addition, we tested the generalizability of the effects of positive and negative affect in relation to domain-specific adult well-being constructs (i.e., workplace hope and optimism), which hold utility for concurrent and prospective well-being. Structural equation modeling revealed that positive affect during infancy and adolescence each uniquely predicted adult life satisfaction. In a separate model for a subsample of employed adults, infant positive affect showed significant positive associations with workplace hope and optimism. Neither infant nor adolescent negative affect predicted any adult well-being outcomes. Our results highlight the need for more developmental studies examining the relationship between children's positive and negative affect and long-term well-being.

Feeling loved has many benefits, but research is limited on how daily behaviors of one person in a relationship shape why someone else feels more or less loved from day to day. The parent-adolescent relationship is a primary source of love. We expected parent-reported warmth and conflict would explain daily fluctuations in how loved adolescents reported feeling. In a sample of 151 families (adolescent M Age ϭ 14.60; 61.6% female) over a 21-day period, we used multilevel models to disentangle within-family (daily variability) and between-family (average levels) parent-reported daily warmth and conflict in relation to adolescents' daily reports about how loved they were feeling. Findings indicated adolescents in families with higher parent-reported warmth across days and higher adolescent-reported closeness with parents felt more loved by their parents, on average. At a within-person level, we found considerable day-to-day variability in how loved adolescents reported feeling that was partially explained by meaningful variability in both parent-reported warmth and conflict across days. On days when parents reported more warmth than usual and less conflict than usual, adolescents reported feeling more loved. Further, a significant within-day interaction indicated that the importance of days' parent warmth was greater on high conflict days, but when parents directed more warmth toward their adolescents, the difference between high-and low-conflict days was negligible. Theoretical implications for studying daily emotional love in parent-youth relationships and suggestions for parenting interventions that focus on daily practices of parent warmth are discussed.

Combining psychological and anthropological work indicates that sleep, dreaming, and the imagination are involved in regulating mood and updating individual and collective knowledge. Psychologists often implicitly assume that all dreamers share their naturalistic model of dreaming while ethnographers often emphasize the spiritual explanations of dreaming inherent in the worldviews of their hosts. Applying cognitive and evolutionary theories of religion to the ethnography of dreaming and the imagination suggests that these capacities have adaptive value for learning, emotional adjustment, and the flow, revivification, and recalibration of knowledge traditions. A general anthropological approach to sleep, dreaming, and the imagination can surmount oversights that result from disciplinary and subfield foci and emphases.

Chanting is a pervasive practice in almost every tradition all over the world. It has been found to improve attention and reduce depressive symptoms, stress and anxiety. The current study aimed to determine whether chanting “Om” for 10 minutes would improve attention, positive mood and increase feelings of social cohesion. The effects of vocal and silent chanting as a meditation practice were compared, as well as the effects of chanting for experienced and inexperienced chanters. It was hypothesized that vocal chanting would have a greater effect than silent chanting and experienced chanters would report stronger effects. Experienced and inexperienced chanters were randomly allocated to one of two conditions: vocal chanting or silent chanting. Prior to and following chanting, participants completed the Digit-letter Substitution task, the Positive Affect Negative affect Schedule, the Multidimensional Measure of Empathy and the Adapted Self-Report Altruism Scale. Following chanting pa...

This study sought to compare conforming behaviors between extraverted and introverted students at the Galaxy International Junior High School. A sample of 20 (ten introverts and 10 extraverts) were selected through the administration of the Eysenck Perso a conformity experiment whereby washroom symbols were presented to them. The subjects were asked to identify whether the symbols were female or male after listening to the wrong Correlation and Independent t tests were used to analyze the results. The study showed that student introverts conformed more than extraverted students. Introverted females also conformed more than introverted males and a positive relationship was established between the age of subjects and conforming behavior. It was recommended that further studies on cultural influence on conformity among introverts and extraverts be done and larger samples should be used.

This paper explores the phenomenon of musicians being moved to tears during performance, interpreting such moments as portals into emotional, physiological, and spiritual transformation. Drawing on personal narrative, cognitive neuroscience, and Tantric philosophy, it argues that these experiences reflect a confluence of subcortical emotional release and the disciplined control of artistic expression. Within a Tantric framework, they represent karmic purification and chakra activation-moments where the performer becomes a conduit for Shakti, the dynamic pulse of the cosmos. Music, in this view, functions not merely as art or communication, but as sacred ritual capable of dissolving ego, transmuting karma, and restoring the self through sound.

The study investigated the relationship between recognition of emotional facial expressions and trait anxiety. A nonclinical sample of 19 participants with high-trait anxiety was selected, using the trait version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and compared with a sample of 20 participants with low-trait anxiety on a facial expression recognition task. Visual stimuli were 42 faces, representing seven emotional expressions: anger, sadness, happiness, fear, surprise, disgust and neutral. Participants had to identify the emotion portrayed by each face. Results showed that participants with high-trait anxiety recognized fear faces significantly better while the two groups did not differ in recognition of other facial expressions.

English-speakers sometimes say that they feel "moved to tears," "emotionally touched," "stirred," or that something "warmed their heart;" other languages use similar passive contact metaphors to refer to an affective state. The authors propose and measure the concept of kama muta to understand experiences often given these and other labels. Do the same experiences evoke the same kama muta emotion across nations and languages? They conducted studies in 19 different countries, 5 continents, 15 languages, with a total of 3,542 participants. They tested the construct while validating a comprehensive scale to measure the appraisals, valence, bodily sensations, motivation, and lexical labels posited to characterize kama muta. The results are congruent with theory and previous findings showing that kama muta is a distinct positive social relational emotion that is evoked by experiencing or observing a sudden intensification of communal sharing. It is...

Prolonged and severe stress leads to cognitive deficits, but facilitates emotional behaviour. Little is known about the synaptic basis for this contrast. Here, we report that in rats subjected to chronic immobilization stress, long-term potentiation (LTP) and NMDA receptor (NMDAR)-mediated synaptic responses are enhanced in principal neurons of the lateral amygdala, a brain area involved in fear memory formation. This is accompanied by electrophysiological and morphological changes consistent with the formation of ‘silent synapses’, containing only NMDARs. In parallel, chronic stress also reduces synaptic inhibition. Together, these synaptic changes would enable amygdalar neurons to undergo further experience-dependent modifications, leading to stronger fear memories. Consistent with this prediction, stressed animals exhibit enhanced conditioned fear. Hence, stress may leave its mark in the amygdala by generating new synapses with greater capacity for plasticity, thereby creating an...

We are introducing new effective computer model for extracting nationality from frontal image candidate using face part color, size and distances based on deep research. Determining face part size, color, and distances is depending on a variety of factors including image quality, lighting condition, rotation angle, occlusion and facial emotion. Therefore, first we need to detect a face on the image then convert an image into the real input. After that, we can determine image candidate's gender, face shape, key points and face parts. Finally, we will return the result, based on the comparison of sizes and distances with the sample's measurement table database. While we were measuring samples, there were big differences between images by their gender and face shapes. Input images must be the frontal face image that has smooth lighting and does not have any rotation angle. The model can be used in military, police, defense, healthcare, and technology sectors. Finally, Computer can distinguish nationality from the face image.

The starting point of conversation analytical research on psychotherapy was in Kathy Davis's work on problem reformulations in the mid 1980s. Since then there has been a growing body of analysis of psychotherapy, based on the close, sequential relations between adjacent utterances. Through examples drawn from CA studies on psychotherapy in the past decade, this review shows that sequential relations between utterances enable a process of transformation of experience. This process pertains to referents, emotion, and momentary relations between the therapist and the client. The utterance-by-utterance transformation contributes to the process of change in more macroscopic time, spanning the continuum of psychotherapeutic sessions. The recent developments of CA research on psychiatric consultants will also be discussed. Data are in Finnish and English. Conversation analytical research on psychotherapy has a double task: On one hand, it shows how the machinery of interaction is adapted to serve the institutional tasks of therapists and clients, and on the other, it shows how the process of emotional and cognitive change takes place in and through the interactions between the therapist and the client. In this review, I will discuss the ways in which CA has dealt with both questions. Alongside psychotherapy proper, psychiatric consultations have in recent years become a topic of conversation analytical studies; at the end of the review, I will also discuss that emergent field. The history of conversation analytical research on psychotherapy has in recent years been described in other outlets ; a rather short account is sufficient here. The origin of qualitive empirical interaction research on psychotherapy can be traced back to the work of . They presented a detailed account on the first five minutes of a psychotherapeutically oriented psychiatric interview. While conversation analysis did not exist as a method at the time, the concern for linguistic detail (lexical choice and prosody) and interactional meanings of actions justify seeing their work as an antecedent to CA studies of psychotherapy. The same is true regarding work on interactional uses of body posture and body movement during psychotherapy sessions, as well as work on speech acts in psychotherapy interaction. Labove and Fanshel were important also in depicting the organization of knowledge and ownership of experience in psychotherapy. While Sacks used group therapy sessions as data in some of his work, he did not investigate them from the point of view of therapeutic practice but rather as examples of generic properties of CONTACT Anssi Peräkylä

Earlier research has shown that conversational storytelling is a regular locus for displays of affective stance. A stance display by the teller invites a mirroring response from the recipient, and these reciprocal displays are finely organized and timed. The article adds a new aspect to the research on affective stance and affiliation by examining the linkages between interactional stance displays and physiological responses in the participants. We show that the valence, and especially ambivalence, of the stance displayed by the storyteller is associated with an increase in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity in the recipient. The participants were 40 students who were discussing their life events in dyads. Heart rate, electrodermal activity (skin conductance), and facial muscle activity (EMG) of the participants were measured. The conversations were videotaped, and the storytelling instances were coded by means of a quantitative application of conversation analysis. The stories were coded into three classes: happy, sad, and ambivalent (twofold) stories on the basis of the affective stance that was displayed by the teller. In comparison to a happy and sad stance, ambivalence increased significantly the recipient's heart rate and electrodermal activity. Our interpretation is that the increased ANS activity reflects the more complex cognitive and interactional task faced by the recipients in affiliating with an ambivalent stance.

The article reports conversation analysis of a single cognitive psychotherapy session in which an interactional misalignment between the therapist and the patient emerges, culminates, and is mitigated. Through this case study, the interactional practices leading to a rupture in therapeutic alliance and the practices leading to its mending are explored. In the session the therapist pursues investigative orientation in relation to the patient's experience under discussion, whereas the patient maintains orientation to "troubles-telling." The diverging projects of the participants amount to overt misalignment. Eventually, the therapist brings the relationship of the patient and herself as a topic of conversation in ways which turn the misalignment into a resource of therapeutic work. The microanalysis of actual interactional patterns in this single case is linked to discussions of therapeutic alliance in psychotherapeutic literature.

For more than 5000 years, people have cultivated flowers although there is no known reward for this costly behavior. In three different studies we show that flowers are a powerful positive emotion “inducer”. In Study 1, flowers, upon presentation to women, always elicited the Duchenne or true smile. Women who received flowers reported more positive moods 3 days later. In Study 2, a flower given to men or women in an elevator elicited more positive social behavior than other stimuli. In Study 3, flowers presented to elderly participants (55+ age) elicited positive mood reports and improved episodic memory. Flowers have immediate and long-term effects on emotional reactions, mood, social behaviors and even memory for both males and females. There is little existing theory in any discipline that explains these findings. We suggest that cultivated flowers are rewarding because they have evolved to rapidly induce positive emotion in humans, just as other plants have evolved to induce var...

Morality and emotions are linked, but what is the nature of their correspondence? Many "whole number" accounts posit specific correspondences between moral content and discrete emotions, such that harm is linked to anger, and purity is linked to disgust. A review of the literature provides little support for these specific morality-emotion links. Moreover, any apparent specificity may arise from global features shared between morality and emotion, such as affect and conceptual content. These findings are consistent with a constructionist perspective of the mind, which argues against a whole number of discrete and domain-specific mental mechanisms underlying morality and emotion. Instead, constructionism emphasizes the flexible combination of basic and domain-general ingredients such as core affect and conceptualization in creating the experience of moral judgments and discrete emotions. The implications of constructionism in moral psychology are discussed, and we propose a...

The aim of the study was to examine functional brain activity in response to unpleasant images in individuals with the 7-repeat (7R) allele compared to individuals with the 4-repeat (4R) allele of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene (VNTR in exon 3). Based on the response ready hypothesis, individuals with the DRD4-4R/7R genotype were expected to show greater functional brain activity in response to unpleasant compared to neutral stimuli in specific regions of the frontal, temporal, parietal and limbic lobes, which form the networks involved in attentional, emotional, and preparatory responses. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging activity was studied in 26 young adults (13 with the DRD4-4R/7R genotype and 13 with the DRD4-4R/4R genotype). Participants were asked to look at and subjectively rate unpleasant and neutral images. Results showed increased brain activity in response to unpleasant images compared to neutral images in the right temporal lobe in participants with the DRD4-4R/7R genotype versus participants with the DRD4-4R/4R genotype. The increase in right temporal lobe activity in individuals with DRD4-4R/7R suggests greater involvement in processing negative emotional stimuli. Intriguingly, no differences were found between the two genotypes in the subjective ratings of the images. The findings corroborate the response ready hypothesis, which suggests that individuals with the 7R allele are more responsive to negative emotional stimuli compared to individuals with the 4R allele of the DRD4 gene.

and other series prove that teen and coming-of-age stories are in excellent health on today's television landscape. Youth culture has found its quintessential embodiment in these young adult narratives. A significant and extensive academic corpus-developed in the wake of research on its cinematic equivalent by scholars such as and Driscoll (2011)-explores coming-of-age narratives in television series from various perspectives. These include their basic foundations , narrative aspects such as plots and conflicts (García-Muñoz and Fedele, 2011a), gender and format-specific stereotypes and characters (García-Muñoz and Fedele, 2011b y 2011c;, hybridization with supernatural themes , and the characteristics of the second generation of American and British teen series . In addition, the recent monograph by Marghitu (2021) offers new perspectives on the study of coming-of-age

The present article aims-albeit briefly-to reflect about the theoretical origins and development of multi-species anthropology. Our brief "journey" has its starting point in the paradigm of the human exceptionalism and the anthropocentric view of the relationship between human beings and the rest of the natural world. This gaze, having constituted the central paradigm of the origins of the anthropological discipline, is the result of profoundly western ways of looking at and interpreting the world and the diversity it contains. Traditional dualisms such as nature-culture are based on it, which justified the distinct treatment of the non-Western "other". In turn, the end of this paradigm emerged as the result of the modernity rise Resumo O presente trabalho visa-ainda que de forma resumida-refletir sobre as origens teóricas e sobre o desenvolvimento da antropologia multiespécies. A nossa breve "viagem" tem como ponto de partida o paradigma do excecionalismo humano e o olhar antropocêntrico sobre a relação entre o ser humano e a restante natureza. Este olhar, tendo constituído o paradigma central das origens da disciplina antropológica, é o resultado de formas de olhar e interpretar o mundo e a diversidade nele contida, profundamente ocidentais. Nele assentam dualismos tradicionais como natureza-cultura que justificaram o tratamento distinto do "outro", não ocidental. Por sua vez, o fim deste paradigma surgiu como resultado da emergência de questões da

Using a standardized instrument to evaluate patients' stress reactions has become more important in daily clinical routines. Different signs or symptoms of stress are often unilaterally explored: the physiological, psychological or social aspects of stress disorders are each viewed on a single dimension. However, all dimensions afflict patients who have persistent health problems due to chronic stress. Therefore, it is important to use a multidimensional approach to acquire data. The 'Psycho-Physiological-Stress-Test' (PPST) was established to achieve a comprehensive understanding of stress and was further developed at the Charite ´-Universita ¨tsmedizin Berlin in collaboration with the Psychological Department of Freie Universita ¨t Berlin. The PPST includes a series of varying stress phases, embedded in two periods of rest. Physiological and psychological parameters are simultaneously measured throughout the test session. Specifically, the PPST activates the sympathetic stress axis, which is measured by heart rate, blood pressure, respiration depth and rate, electro dermal activation and muscle tension (frontalis, masseter, trapezius). Psychological data are simultaneously collected, and include performance, motivation, emotion and behavior. After conducting this diagnostic test, it is possible to identify individual stress patterns that can be discussed with the individual patient to develop and recommend (outpatient) treatment strategies. This paper introduces the PPST as a standardized way to evaluate stress reactions by presenting the results from a sample of psychosomatic inpatients (n = 139) who were treated in Charite ´-Universita ¨tsmedizin Berlin, Germany. We observed that the varying testing conditions provoked adjusted changes in the different physiological parameters and psychological levels.

As online services become more pervasive and complex, customer experience is becoming a key competitive differentiator. Customer expectations are rising, and bandwidth requirements of online services are increasing. Internet service providers are faced with a difficult tradeoff between managing the costs of services and bandwidth requirements on the one hand, and meeting customer expectations on the other. At present there is little to guide service providers in managing the human side of this tradeoff. While there is considerable interest in quality of experience from an engineering perspective, there is a need to supplement that work with research based on a human factors approach. The goal of the research reported here is to determine how a series of satisfying experiences and frustrating events lead to longer term attitudes of satisfaction or dissatisfaction over time and, ultimately, to loyalty towards a service provider or Likelihood to Recommend (L2R). The ultimate objective of the research will be to develop models that can predict overall satisfaction, and likelihood to churn, based on network probe data (data relating to online service impairments and failures experienced by a customer), service context and customer profile. These models can then be used to optimize services design and delivery, leading to more satisfied consumers and more profitable companies. In this report we introduce the initial outlines of a model of likelihood to recommend for online services. The ultimate goal is to develop a detailed model based on data that is either available from marketing sources or that can be collected automatically from network probes.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans frequently trigger state anxiety in individuals being scanned. It is not known, however, whether levels of MRI-related anxiety change over the course of a single scan or across repeated scanning experiences. Since changes in state anxiety are known to affect regional brain activity in healthy volunteers, systematic changes in levels of MRI-related anxiety could confound findings from neuroimaging studies. We assessed anxiety levels in eleven healthy male volunteers during a control period and during two MRI scanning sessions. Anxiety levels were highest during the first MRI scan, dropping to control levels or below by the second scan. In addition, anxiety fluctuated within scanning sessions, particularly during the first scan, with levels high at the beginning of the session, decreasing during mid-scan and then increasing again toward the end of the session. These results suggest that habituation in an MRI simulator before participating in a neuroimaging study could help to decrease fluctuations in MRI-related anxiety. Moreover, in studies that address several experimental questions within a single scanning session, experimental designs could be adapted to avoid potential confounds from within-scan variation in scannerrelated anxiety.

In this paper, I use the approach of embodied in/capacity theory (de Courville Nicol 2011) to consider how the emotional form of an individual's lack of capacity (e.g. anger as the felt lack of capacity to confront another's hurting of oneself, or sadness as the felt lack of capacity to prevent the loss of a force to which one is attached) also produces the affective orientation through which they will experience hopefulness as the feeling that expending their energy is worthwhile. By providing hope with an affective orientation in the form of a felt incapacity, emotional experience also provides hope with an affective orientation in the form of a felt capacity. It is this felt form of capacity implied by a given incapacity (e.g. anger implies assertiveness as the felt capacity to confront another's hurting of oneself, or sadness implies happiness as the felt capacity to prevent the loss of a force to which one is attached) that orients one on the road to the implementation of emotional security and that provides agential force to this orientation as a particular emotional form of hopefulness. Beyond providing hope with an affective orientation, the emotional form of one's lack of capacity can become attached to strategies and techniques that allow one to implement solutions to remediate this lack (i.e. how one exercises power) and to affective signs that trigger their experience. Thus, the emotional form through which one hopes conditions the ways in which one implements emotional security, much as one's way of being hopeful is triggered by signs that are suggestive of ways of hoping and of being hopeful. I also introduce a distinction between the subjective and moral modalities of hope that serves to separate perceptions of external and internal danger and security based on the self's lack of or growing awareness of its own capacity as a force in affecting felt outcomes, and that serves to explain how the loss of hope that leads to hopelessness can promote the development of the self-awareness that forms the basis of the emergence of new forms of hopefulness (i.e. new ways of being in/capable) and of new means of hoping (i.e. new emotional resources). Finally, I argue that the affective orientations of hope are characterized by distinct affective dynamics according to two normative logics: the logic of proscription associated with prohibitions, limits, and thresholds, whose affective dynamic is fear and danger; and the logic of prescription associated with ideals, standards, and degrees, whose affective dynamic is desire and security. Campaigns of fear and desire are the rhetorical materializations of these logics and affective dynamics. Insights and examples drawn from my preliminary analysis of a selection of contemporary self-help books that aim to help readers deal with their anxiety serve to illustrate the principles and analytical possibilities of embodied in/capacity theory.

Objective: Psychological comorbidity in children with enuresis is common and its screening is recommended. A brief validated screening instrument is needed for a busy medical practice. This study focused on the development of the Thai Behavioral and Emotional Screening Tool for children with Enuresis (TBEST-E) and aimed to examine its psychometric properties. Materials and Methods: Using the Short Screening Instrument for Psychological Problems in Enuresis (SSIPPE) as a template, the 15-item with a yes/no answer format of the TBEST-E was developed for the screening of emotional problems (7 items), attention and hyperactivity/impulsivity problems (3 items each), and oppositional defiant symptoms (2 items). The parents of the children with enuresis completed the TBEST-E and the behavioral rating scale "Thai Youth Checklist" (TYC). The optimal cut-off for further assessment, the sensitivity, and the specificity the TBEST-E were identified using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: After an adaptation following comments from three child psychiatrists, the TBEST-E showed a content validity of 0.9, an internal consistency of 0.71. A total of 33 children with enuresis (median age = 9, interquartile range = 6.5-11 years) were recruited. Further assessment was indicated when one of the following occurred; at least 3 emotional problems; 3 attention problems; or 2 hyperactivity/impulsivity together with 2 oppositional defiant symptoms. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 0.88 and 0.71 respectively with the accuracy of 0.84 (95% CI = 0.68-0.95). The TBEST-E is time-efficient and has acceptable psychometric properties in early detection of common psychological problems in children with enuresis.

We discuss robotic art, emotion in robotic art, and compassion in the philosophy of art. We discuss a particular animated artwork, survivor, the walking chair, symbolising survivors of landmine blasts, learning to use crutches, and maimed emotionally as well as physically. Its control incorporates mutual relations between very rudimentary representations of distinct emotions. This artwork is intended for sensitising viewers to the horror experienced by those who survive, and those who don't. We can only give a small sample, here, of the reactions of viewers on various occasions when survivor was exhibited. Regardless of how much which pertains to human mental functions the tool embodies or doesn't (actually, such replication is minimalist), it is the effect on the human perceivers which matters most to us, and enables us to understand something more about human cognition. Arguably this project is instructive in respect of the ethicalsocial implications of the synthetic method, i.e. the construction of inorganic systems in order to understand autonomous intentional action; in this project, the latter pertains to the humans involved.

Suicide is a stigmatized and marginalized act by society that damages the lives of those close to the suicidal person and makes rebuilding their lives difficult. In understanding the social reality after suicide, emotions that are a component of social action play a key role. This study's main aim is to understand the emotions of those close to the suicidal person and the cultural roots of these emotions. In-depth interviews were conducted with 23 individuals who are close to someone who had committed suicide to obtain the necessary data, and the data were analyzed using discourse analysis. The following results were obtained: Anger was the most prominent emotion in those close to the suicidal person. This anger was directed toward actors who were indifferent to the problems that led to suicide and toward the individual who committed suicide. Those close to the suicidal person were in a state of anger, shame, fear, guilt, and fear of being blamed due to social stigma and marginalization. The most significant feature of those close to the deceased is the emotional disturbances resulting from the coexistence of opposing emotions. Making periodic programs for the treatment of relatives of people who committed suicide and spreading a functional education program to all stages of education in raising individuals sensitive to human rights are among the urgent measures that the state of social law can take.

Today's customers tend to select eating-places for satisfying pleasures through experiential socialization. This study explores how color, lighting and décors have effects on customers' perceived sociability, emotion and behavioural intention on social dining occasions. Experimental method was used and 162 senior students were involved. The results showed that the restaurant with monochromatic colors, dim lighting and plain décors yielded a statistically significant difference in the entire dependent variables with almost any other interior conditions on romantic dining, as opposed to the case of casual dining. Further research on subtler and diverse dimensions of interior element is suggested to enrich previous findings.

The propensity for reactive aggression (RA) which occurs in response to provocation has been linked to hyperresponsivity of the mesocorticolimbic reward network in healthy adults. Here, we aim to elucidate the role of the mesocorticolimbic network in clinically significant RA for two competing motivated behaviors, reward-seeking vs. retaliation. 18 male participants performed a variant of the Point-Subtraction Aggression Paradigm (PSAP) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We examined whether RA participants compared with non-aggressive controls would choose to obtain a monetary reward over the opportunity to retaliate against a fictitious opponent, who provoked the participant by randomly stealing money from his earnings. Across all fMRI-PSAP runs, RA individuals vs. controls chose to work harder to earn money but not to retaliate. When engaging in such reward-seeking behavior vs. retaliation in a single fMRI-PSAP run, RA individuals exhibited increased activation in the insular-striatal part of the mesocorticolimbic salience network, and decreased precuneus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex activation compared to controls. Enhanced overall reward-seeking behavior along with an up-regulation of the mesocorticolimbic salience network and a down-regulation of the default-mode network in RA individuals indicate that RA individuals are willing to work more for monetary reward than for retaliation when presented with a choice. Our findings may suggest that the use of positive reinforcement might represent an efficacious intervention approach for the potential reduction of retaliatory behavior in clinically significant RA.

This text discusses the differences between sociopathy and psychopathy, their symptoms, causes, and behavioral characteristics. It covers key features of Antisocial Personality Disorder and compares psychopaths and sociopaths, focusing on their behavior in society and ability to form attachments. The text also explores potential causes of these disorders, including genetic and external factors, as well as treatment methods. The author highlights key therapeutic approaches for sociopathy and psychopathy, emphasizing the challenges in treatment and the importance of early intervention.

Lors du lancement d’un nouveau produit technologique, 25% des echecs sont imputables a la technique et les 75% restants sont dus a une defaillance de la fonction marketing. Dans de nombreux cas, c’est la complexite d’utilisation et l’absence de prise en compte du client/utilisateur du produit technologique qui est en cause. Dans le cadre de nos travaux, nous avons etudie le role de l’utilisabilite et de l’esthetique lors de l’utilisation d’interfaces homme-machine (IHM). Nous avons mene une experimentation qui montre que 1) l’esthetique percue ameliore l’evaluation des utilisateurs seulement lors de la phase d’exposition a l’interface ; 2) l’utilisabilite augmente les evaluations des utilisateurs apres utilisation de l’interface. Fort de ces constats, nous avons pu adapter un processus de conception des IHM en s’appuyant dans un premier temps sur l’esthetique avant de focaliser le travail de conception sur l’utilisabilite. Cet article se positionne donc a la frontiere entre l’inform...

Distal facial Electromyography (EMG) can be used to detect smiles and frowns with reasonable accuracy. It capitalizes on volume conduction to detect relevant muscle activity, even when the electrodes are not placed directly on the source muscle. The main advantage of this method is to prevent occlusion and obstruction of the facial expression production, whilst allowing EMG measurements. However, measuring EMG distally entails that the exact source of the facial movement is unknown. We propose a novel method to estimate specific Facial Action Units (AUs) from distal facial EMG and Computer Vision (CV). This method is based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA), Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NNMF), and sorting of the resulting components to determine which is the most likely to correspond to each CV-labeled action unit (AU). Performance on the detection of AU06 (Orbicularis Oculi) and AU12 (Zygomaticus Major) was estimated by calculating the agreement with Human Coders. The re...

Recognizing human emotions and responding appropriately has the potential to radically change the way we interact with technology. However, to train machines to sensibly detect and recognize human emotions, we need valid emotion ground truths. A fundamental challenge here is the momentary emotion elicitation and capture (MEEC) from individuals continuously and in real-time, without adversely affecting user experience. In this first edition of the one-day CHI 2020 workshop, we will (a) explore and define novel elicitation tasks (b) survey sensing and annotation techniques (c) create a taxonomy of when and where to apply an elicitation method.

Using the stereotype content model (SCM; Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002) and the behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes (BIAS) map (Cuddy, Fiske, & Glick, 2007), two experiments tested the effect of animal stereotypes on emotions and behavioral tendencies toward animals. As a novel approach, Study 1 ( N = 165) manipulated warmth and competence traits of a fictitious animal species (“wallons”) and tested their effect on emotions and behaviors toward those animals. Stereotypical warm-competent and cold-incompetent “wallons” elicited fondness/delight and contempt/disgust, respectively. Cold-competent “wallons” primarily elicited threat but not awe. Warm-incompetent “wallons” were elusive targets, not eliciting specific emotions. The warmth dimension determined active behaviors, promoting facilitation (support/help) and reducing harm (kill/trap). The competence dimension determined passive behaviors, eliciting facilitation (conserve/monitor) and reducing harm (ignore/let them...

The relationship between ongoing brain interoceptive signals and emotional processes has been addressed only indirectly through external stimulus-locked measures. In this study, an internal body trigger (heart evoked potential, HEP) was used to measure ongoing internally triggered signals during emotional states. We employed high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG), source reconstruction analysis, and behavioral measures to assess healthy participants watching emotion-inducing video-clips (positive, negative, and neutral emotions). Results showed emotional modulation of the HEP at specific source-space nodes of the fronto-insulo-temporal networks related to affective-cognitive integration. This study is the first to assess the direct convergence among continuous triggers of viscerosensory cortical markers and emotion through dynamic stimuli presentation.