Engineering Product Design

This dissertation embraces the issue of evaluating design concepts. Being able to sort out the potential "best solutions" from a set of solutions is a central and important part of the design process. The subject discussed in this dissertation has its origins in the lack of knowledge about design concepts, something which is characteristic of the initial part of the design process and which frequently causes problems when it comes to evaluation and selection of solutions. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop aids and methods that enhance the understanding of design concepts in the early phases of the design process. From deductive reasoning about the fundamental mechanisms of the evaluation activity, the work has been divided into three different areas: process and system modelling, concept optimisation, and identification of potential failures. Part 1 Theoretical Frame and Context Part 2 Results: Contributions and Applications Part 3 Appended Papers and Appendixes

The present work implements a virtual assistant to reduce the resilience of the graduates of the Faculty of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science of the National University Federico Villarreal at the time of carrying out the formalities of the academic degree of bachelor and professional title, its general objective is to determine If a chatbot will allow to increase the level of resilience in the students of the first year of studies of the Faculty of Electronic Engineering and Informatics of the National University Federico Villarreal, as the first specific objective it determines if a chatbot will allow to improve the leadership in the students graduated from the Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering of the Federico Villarreal National University and as a second specific objective to determine if a chatbot will improve motivation in the students graduated from the Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering of the Federico Villarreal National University. This pr...

Özet: Delik flanşlama, sac parçaların mukavemetinin artmasını sağlayan fonksiyonel bir işlemdir. Bu işlem aynı zamanda konumlandırma ve sabitleme uygulamaları için de kullanılır. Delik flanşlama işlemi, sac malzeme cinsi, kalınlığı, flanş profili, zımba formu ve ön delik çapı gibi birçok parametreden etkilenmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada otomotiv sektöründe yaygın olarak kullanılan DP600 sac malzemenin flanşlanması işleminde zımba formu ve zımba çapının flans yüksekliği ve et kalınlığına etkisi analitik olarak incelenmiştir. Analiz çalışmalarında DEFORM 2D sonlu elemanlar yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Sac malzeme üzerinde yapılan kimyasal analiz ve çekme testi sonuçlarından elde edilen veriler analiz programına girdi teşkil etmiştir. Analizlerde küresel, konik ve köşe kavisli olmak üzere üç farklı zımba formu kullanılmıştır. Delik çapı 10 mm ve zımba çapları 12, 14 ve 16 mm olarak alınmıştır. Analizler sonucunda malzemenin şekillendirilmesinde zımba formu ve zımba çapının önemli etkiye sahip olduğu, maksimum incelme ve flanş yüksekliğinin zımba formu ile doğrudan alakalı olduğu görülmüştür.

This paper discusses model making approaches in the design process and also classifies broadly the different types of physical models and prototypes. It also describes the fundamental principles of different methods of model making and prototyping and questions how they can be used in the conceptual and detailing design stages of the design process. The first part of this paper explains how physical model and prototypes are classified and why it is so important for gaining a better understanding of the designed product in terms of usability and technical functionality. The second part of this paper focuses more specifically on how these tools are helpful or restrictive in facilitating the creation of ideas, concepts and detailed design solutions following the various stages of the design process. Finally a user-centered and cost-efficiency design perspective will be discussed with respect to what extent models and prototypes are able to facilitate design changes throughout the different stages of the design process.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify an innovative solution for the power transmission gearbox of concrete mixers, according to the specifications provided by the company.Design/methodology/approachA tailored systematic design approach (inspired to the German systematic framework) has been adopted to comprehensively gather the company specifications and perform in-depth design space explorations. Subsequently, an iterative embodiment design approach has been followed to identify the size of the components for the preferred concept, by using acknowledged mechanical design procedures and finite element analysis tools.FindingsAn innovative cycloidal gearbox has been developed, by merging the kinematics underpinning the classical cycloidal drives and the Wolfrom planetary gearbox. The resulting concept provides high reduction rates with a very high overload capacity.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of the studies is the absence of in-depth evaluations usua...

The concept of novelty in terms of 'uncommonness' of ideas is one of the most considered in design studies. Accordingly, the metric developed by Shah, Vargas-Hernandez and Smith in 2003 (SNM) is still one of the most largely used. Nonetheless, it presents non-negligible and still unsolved problems when applied to realistic sets of ideas implementing heterogeneous numbers of attributes. This paper aims at identifying the roots of these problems and at proposing a refined assessment approach, capable to extend the applicability of SNM to any set of ideas. Generic boundary cases have been used to demonstrate the validity of the proposal, while its potential impact on the final novelty values has been estimated by assessing a real set of 100 ideas.

Fidelity is one of the most important parameters to consider when dealing with prototypes, which affect the related costs and performances. Current literature contributions often rely on generic definitions of Fidelity based on the concept of closeness. However, the review performed in this paper revealed that Fidelity is a more complex concept, which considers (at least) eight main dimensions, mutually interrelated, and potentially characterized by many other potential sub-dimensions. The identified set has been applied to an industrial case study were a real engineering prototype has been assessed in terms of Fidelity. In particular, the case study application shows how the different dimensions can be interrelated each other. Furthermore, some important research hints have been highlighted in this paper, where the identified set of Fidelity dimensions paves the way for the related future activities.

Designers usually spend non-negligible efforts in performing comprehensive design space explorations, but important information exchanged in conceptual design sessions is often lost, even about the rationale behind preferred solutions. As a part of a broader investigation concerning the impact of knowledge coming from previously performed design tasks, this paper describes an experiment aimed at assessing the impact on the design outcomes of two representations used to share existing design information. In particular, the authors compared a function structure, together with a morphological chart, against a hierarchically organized tree of problems and solutions. The design experiment has been performed with a sample composed by 35 engineering students, which have been opportunely subdivided in three groups. The experiment has been structured in three phases and acknowledged literature metrics for assessing idea generation effectiveness have been applied to assess the design outcomes produced by students. Obtained results show that providing information with the two investigated representations leads to potential advantages in terms of Variety of devised concepts. Moreover, additional analysis of the results highlighted that the considered representations led to different idea-generation paths.

This paper introduces a novel 4D printing approach for dynamic displays, using thermochromic-PLA composites embedded with FeCrAl wires activated by Joule heating. Previous studies struggled with high energy consumption, heat bleed, and slow activation. By embedding continuous resistance wires directly within the thermochromic-plastic matrix, localized, efficient heating is achieved, improving response speed and energy efficiency. The study optimizes color change by focusing on specimen thickness, current intensity, and pulse duration. A customized G-code workflow allowed for precise wire integration into 3D-printed specimens fabricated using a composite dual-nozzle co-extrusion printer, enabling controlled color changes upon activation. Experiments identified 1.5 mm as the ideal specimen thickness, balancing rapid response time (~78.5 s for 80 % color change) with effective wire concealment. A water medium significantly accelerated recovery time compared to air, emphasizing the benefits of faster heat dissipation. The color change was found to be linearly proportional to pulse-on time and the square of the current. Shorter pulses at higher currents resulted in more efficient and predictable color transformations than constant current inputs. A functional 7-segment display was fabricated, demonstrating the practical application of this technology for smart displays, sensors, and other 4D-printing applications.

This paper proposes an ontological model of Donald Schön's notion of reflection in the domain of designing. We address two views of this notion. First, we present a functional view that describes reflection in terms of the designer's interactions with the design object and their intended and unintended consequences that then drive further interactions. Second, we present a constructional view that models reflection as a mechanism with a set of properties that distinguish it from other processes in designing. We describe both views using the function-behaviour-structure (FBS) ontology. This elaborates existing accounts of reflection and locates it within a uniform framework of designing, which lays the foundations for a multi-disciplinary approach to studying reflection.

This paper proposes an ontological model of Donald Schön's notion of reflection in the domain of designing. We address two views of this notion. First, we present a functional view that describes reflection in terms of the designer's interactions with the design object and their intended and unintended consequences that then drive further interactions. Second, we present a constructional view that models reflection as a mechanism with a set of properties that distinguish it from other processes in designing. We describe both views using the function-behaviour-structure (FBS) ontology. This elaborates existing accounts of reflection and locates it within a uniform framework of designing, which lays the foundations for a multi-disciplinary approach to studying reflection.

Designers create messages that are encoded in the products' design and consumers perceive the products in an environment. Hence the product can be seen as a communication media between the designer and different product stakeholders. The stakeholder's response to the ...

The design process is a complex task in which different goals and properties have to be achieved. Nowadays, end-of-life issues are increasingly being considered in addition to typical design properties such as durability, appearance or quality. This article presents the product design process in relation to its recycling and mechanical properties. A plate connection in two design versions was chosen as the product: in the form of a multi-bolted connection and a multi-riveted connection. An analysis was conducted for several vari-ants of these connections. Recycling properties were considered using various measures calculated from the Recycling Product Model, a type of product model that includes its re-cycling properties. Selected mechanical properties were determined using the Finite Ele-ment Method. Removing one bolt from the connection resulted in a stiffness reduction of almost 11%, while removing two bolts from the connection resulted in a stiffness reduction of almost 26%. In contrast, the removal of one rivet from the connection led to a stiffness reduction of about 3%, while the removal of two rivets from the connection led to a stiff-ness reduction of less than 5%.

To achieve sustainable product design, it is crucial to use sustainability assessment during the product design process. In this paper, numerous sustainability assessment methodologies in product design are reviewed. A comprehensive assessment of sustainability has been reported to present better performance for improving product sustainability. This review focused on the consideration of sustainability elements by previous researchers that have proposed integrated design tools, commercial software tools and combination both methods in supporting the methodologies. Based on this review, it can be concluded that the inclusion of sustainability performance among the assessment criteria in the design process activities is suggested as a critical point of concern which presents a challenge and is a great opportunity to develop useful guidelines or directions for industries or any product-based project so that the proposed approach will be accepted for implementation in the working envir...

A aparelhagem e um artefato popular multimidia, originado de um processoartesanal bastante especifico de projeto, que atende duas necessidades principais:dar suporte fisico-estrutural as festas de aparelhagens e comunicar um conceito estetico-semiotico que sera explorado a partir das performances de um DJ e do proprio publico da festa. A pesquisa mapeou o Processo de Projeto das Aparelhagens, combinando informacoes tacitas e culturais com as teorias da area do Design, atendendo aspiracoes sociais de integracao entre os conhecimentos.Para isso, a Revisao de Literatura teve como objetivo entender a formacao dos conceitos de cultura, identidade e suas reflexoes na contemporaneidade, assim como suas influencias no modo de fazer design e ser designer. Utilizou como metodo a etnografia e a observacao sistematica do ferramental da criacao, bem como se valeu de analises comparativas as metodologias consideradas mais relevantes no campo do design, com o objetivo de verificar o alcance do des...

This project aims to develop a functional Virtual Reality application for the rehabilitation and well-being of older adults in nursing homes. It intends to engage the patient in the rehabilitation treatment by means of Virtual Reality games. To play these games, the patient must execute repetitive movements while moving around in an immersive natural environment. The company Visyon360 provided the necessary equipment for the project, and Senopi's CTO, Dr Stavros, established the goals to achieve. The idea of this project was born from previous projects developed to detect cognitive illnesses. In those projects, patients were immersed in a virtual natural environment and went through a guided path either running, flying or swimming. Those experiences took place while the patient was in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, combining real-time MRI images with Virtual Reality. The cognitive response of the patient during the game regulated his speed. Therefore, the idea of this project emerged from these previous projects with the aim to take advantage of the same natural environment, but also offering the patient the possibility to move around freely. Thus, the main objective of the rehabilitation application is to make the elderly do some required movements related to walk or swim, among others, depending on the module in which they are participating. These repetitive movements are captured by a Virtual Reality system to cause an avatar's motion in the virtual world. This project is focused on flying movements, as it is the first-person flight module that belongs to the rehabilitation project. Thus, by using this module, patients are encouraged to perform repetitive upper limb movements related to a flying movement similar to that of birds. The following report describes the different tools employed to develop the application as well as how they have been used and the methodology applied. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, some alternatives to the Virtual Reality equipment had to be found to carry on the development of the project. Finally, future improvements have been proposed and it has been concluded that the first-person flight module is functional with Virtual Reality, even though no tests could be made with the appropriate Virtual Reality equipment. xiii Glossary HMD -Head Mounted Display LCD -Liquid-Crystal Display 3D -Three Dimensions 3DoF -Three Degrees of Freedom 6DoF -Six Degrees of Freedom USB -Universal Serial Bus HDMI -High Definition Multimedia Interface IR -Infrared SDK -Software Development Kit CPU -Central Processing Unit GPU -Graphics Processing Unit SSD -Solid State Drive VR -Virtual Reality GameObject -The principal object in Unity scenes, which can represent characters, scenery, cameras, and more. A GameObject's functionality is defined by the components attached to it. Script -A piece of programming code that allows to create and modify components, Trigger game events, and respond to user input as defined. Asset -An item that can be used during a project. It can be a 3D model, an audio file, an image file or any other kind of file supported by the software.

Due to the increasingly high market demands, certain changes occur in production to make the manufacturing process as efficient as possible. Our objective is to establish a manufacturing process having features of serial production. Companies wish to reuse the same components, documents and technology as much as possible, which results in additional positive effects: smaller volumes of documents and easier use of such documents, resulting in an overall reduction of costs. Technology and production have developed into ...

The aim of this paper is to explore different aspects of information-related activities in product development teams. To enable analysis of information behaviour at lower level of process granularity and to allow longer data collection with several participants, work sampling self-reporting approach was selected as an appropriate one for data collection. After analysis of processes in two case companies, results demonstrated diversity and frequency of information-related activities within different product development contexts, but also indicated differences in individual information behaviour.

By embracing insights from project management and intellectual capital measurement research fields, basis can be established for development of new performance indicators for monitoring intangible project aspects of individual and team work within the product development context. Focusing on individual and team level of product development projects, data gathering is hampered by constraints of the real organizational environment. Therefore, in this research paper, development of work sampling self-report application is presented which allows data capturing for real-time measurement of intellectual capital elements in a practical and straight-forward way. Preliminary work sampling study was executed in R&D company whose main preocupation is development of the electro-mechanical devices for distribution and transformation of the electrical energy within the energy infrastructure or mass transportation systems. Information about potential trends of particular underperforming values rel...

Current management methods for intangible aspects of development projects are diversified across different research fields with lot of open questions. This paper presents a practical approach for monitoring, measuring and simulation of individual and teamwork performance within the collaborative engineering development and design projects.

The goal of this research is to enhance the understanding of various categories of risks in product development (PD) and to carry out a comparative study on how risks occur in different phases of PD processes. Based on an extensive literature overview and the analysis of several risk identification methods, a Risk Breakdown Structure was created for product development. Mapping of identified risks, as the main contribution of the presented research, provides information about the existence of certain risk categories and subcategories in different phases of the product development process. The obtained information facilitates more successful risk identification in PD. The mapping was created in order to enable a comparison between certain PD process types by using the criterion of suitability for managing and coping with specific risk categories. To validate the proposed mapping, a questionnaire was sent to R&D organisations.

The paper proposes a practical assessment approach to estimate duration of the product development process incorporating risk management principles. Risk assessment, as a crucial part of risk management process, is a systematic process for estimating the risk level of previously identified and recognized risks. Currently, the best-known relationship in risk assessment is that risk level equals the product of two factors–likelihood and impact. The proposed approach treats these factors as random variables with triangular ...

Student feedback is one of the important component in the learning and teaching process evaluation at various stages of higher level education in Malaysia. Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi MARA Sri Gading (KKTMSG) with eight departments is a location of study that have intakes twice a year, January-June (JJ) and July-December (JD). A continuous assessment by student has been executed over years and compulsory to fill in during the final examination week around May and November. Four objectives of this study are to determine if there is any correlation exist between Educator Mark with Total Marks of Personality and Teaching and Learning, to investigate if there is any correlation exist between Personality and its criteria, to explore if there is any correlation exist between Teaching and Learning and its each criteria and finally to determine if any association exist between Gender and Educator Mark with hypothesis null that both variables are independent. Main instrument used is a questionnai...

Sustainable conscious product is a product that has little or no impact on the environment during its life cycle. Hence, designing and developing a sustainable product with consideration of three main elements such as environment, social and economic aspects are needed. Within these elements, there are many sub-sustainability parameters need to be considered when sustainability analysis is carried out which include pollution, cost, energy, health, acidification and others. The inclusion of these parameters and the uncertainty data increases the complexity in decision making process with respect to sustainable development as it not only evaluates the current situation but also the prediction and strategic decision for the future. Therefore, a methods and tools are required in assisting the designers and decision makers to develop sustainable product. Hence, this paper presents a developed methodology of product sustainability analysis using fuzzy technique. The fuzzy logic approach i...

To achieve sustainable product design, it is crucial to use sustainability assessment during the product design process. In this paper, numerous sustainability assessment methodologies in product design are reviewed. A comprehensive assessment of sustainability has been reported to present better performance for improving product sustainability. This review focused on the consideration of sustainability elements by previous researchers that have proposed integrated design tools, commercial software tools and combination both methods in supporting the methodologies. Based on this review, it can be concluded that the inclusion of sustainability performance among the assessment criteria in the design process activities is suggested as a critical point of concern which presents a challenge and is a great opportunity to develop useful guidelines or directions for industries or any product-based project so that the proposed approach will be accepted for implementation in the working environment.

CNC Torna Tezgahlarının Kullanımı, Programlanması v.s. gibi konularda 1997..1999 yılları arasında Anka Mühendislik ve Makina firmasını kurduğum yıllarda düzenlemiş olunan CNC Torna Programlama ile ilgili şahsen hazırlamış olduğum o döneme ait nadir bulunan bilgi kaynaklarındandır. İçindeki bilgiler hala geçerliliğini ve güncelliğini korumaktadır.

Fanuc kontrol sistemli genelde Tayvan, Kore, Japonya'dan ithal torna tezgahlarında kullanılan sistemleri esas almaktadır.

1997'den beri çok sayıda operatörün yetişmesinde katkısı olduğu  kanaatindeyiz.

Yeni CNC Torna Tezgahı Operatörleri için de başvuru kaynağı olacağı kanaatindeyiz.

Güzel günler sizlerle olsun.

Turgay Mamur
Ağustos 2024

The technology of pneumatics has gained tremendous importance in the field of workplace rationalization and automation from old-fashioned timber works and coal mines to modern machine shops and space robots. It is therefore important that technicians and engineers should have a good knowledge of pneumatic system, air operated valves and accessories. The aim is to design and develop a control system based an intelligent electronically controlled system called "eye sensor braking system". This system consists Control Unitsystem and braking unit. The IR sensor is used to measure and control eye blink.This project involves measure and controls the eye blink using IR sensor. The IR transmitter is used to transmit theinfrared rays in our eyes. The IR receiver is used to receivethe reflected infrared rays from our eyes. If the eyes areclosed it means the output of IR receiver is high otherwisethe IR receiver output is low. This to know the eye isclosing or opening position of the...

In this work optimization of turning parameters for turning Ti-6Al-7Nb Titanium alloy has been investigated by orthogonal array along with Grey relational analysis coupled with principle component. Parameters such as surface roughness, tool wear, roundness, material removal rate, temperature and power consumption are considered as performance characteristics of the turning process. By orthogonal array eighteen experiments are carried out in the CNC machine by considering cutting environment, cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, nose radius, tool coating type and insert shape angle as turning parameters. From the grey relational grade the optimum turning parameters were predicted. Also the influence of individual turning parameters is carried out by Analysis of Variance. From the largest value of grey relational grade parameters , cutting environment: wet, feed rate : 0.08 mm /rev, cutting speed: 100 m/min ,insert angle: 80 0 , nose radius: 0.4 mm, tool coating type : TiAlN and depth of cut:0.4 mm are found to be better turning parameters levels. About 11.3 % enhancement of grey relation grade value is achieved when compared to initial parameter grey relational grade value.

The revolutionary concepts of wear plates, the specialist hard facing materials came into existence in 1980's.To date wearplates are being used almost worldwide , replacing the traditional wear resistances lining materials .DuraweldMetsys Private Limited is one of the few wearplate manufacturers in India. For the forward motion of wearplatesin special purpose machine which is basically designed for welding purpose hydraulic actuator is used. The main purpose of actuator is to give positive push to the heavy wear plate. Till date the whole working is operated manually. To perform the operation fully automatic and in easier way we are planning to use the chain drive mechanism instead of hydraulic actuator for the sliding of heavy wear plates. Chain drive mechanism is the easier way to transmit power. Pin like arrangement will be provided on the links of the chain to give the push to the wear plate. Thus the sheet will easily slide on the fixture. Thus use of chain drive mechanism ...

Rancangan motor magnet permanen metode halbach array terdiri dari empat buah layer. Layer pertama dan ketiga memanfaatkan fluks magnet pada komponen radial dengan sudut polaritas magnet permanen pada stator dan rotor sebesar 30˚, layer kedua dan keempat memanfaatkan fluks magnet pada komponen axial pada stator dan rotornya. Vektor kerapatan fluks celah udara yang berputar ke kiri menyebabkan rotor dapat berputar berlawanan arah putar jarum jam. Magnitud kerapatan fluks (B) pada celah udara rotor dan stator dengan bantuan software FEMM 4.2 diperoleh komponen radial bernilai maksimum yaitu 0,57085 T dan komponen aksial bernilai minimum yaitu 0,09579 T. Magnitud kerapatan fluks magnet memiliki nilai persentase error yang tinggi antara analisa FEMM dan pengukuran Spectrum NF-5035, akibat dari pemanasan dan pemukulan pada saat pemasangan magnet. Motor magnet permanen berhasil mengkonversi tenaga magnet permanen menjadi tenaga putaran pada rotor sebanyak satu kali putaran atau berotasi sejauh 360˚ dengan arah putaran berlawanan dengan jarum jam.

Teknolojinin gelişmesi ile birlikte, mobilya endüstrisinde kullanılan makinelerde gelişmiştir. Ancak KOBİ'lerde mikro ve küçük işletme olarak sınıflandırılan imalathanelerin sayısı mobilya sektöründe oldukça fazladır. Bu işletmelerde tam otomasyon sitemine geçilememesi, İşçi sağlığı ve iş güvenliği riskini artırmaktadır. İşyerlerinde çalışanların iş sağlığı ve güvenliği şartlarının sağlanmasında, makine kaynaklı tehlikeler oldukça önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada küçük ve mikro işletme sınıfında faaliyet gösteren işletmelerde kullanılan makinelerde, potansiyel riskler ve çalışma güvenliği tedbirleri hakkında önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Bu kapsamda; şerit testere, çizicili yatar daire testere, rendeleme(planya, kalınlık), yüzey ve kenar şekillendirme (yatay freze, şakuli freze), delik (yatay ve dikey delik),torna, kompresör, kenar bantlama, bant zımpara(palet) ve pres(baskı) makineleri incelenmiş olup, çalışma güvenliği ve tedbirleri hakkında bilgilendirme yapılmıştır. Mobilya endüstrisi, 6331 sayılı İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Kanunu'na göre tehlikeli sınıfta yer almaktadır. Kullanılan makinelerin hepsi kesici, düzeltici, inceltici ve koparıcı dişliler, testereler ve bıçaklarla çalışmaktadır. Ayrıca bu makinelerin tamamen otomatize olmaması, işin elle yapılmasını gerektirdiğinden, kaza tehlikelerini de beraberinde getirmektedir. Sektörde görülen kazaları önleme konusunda öncelikle makinelerde alınacak tedbirler öncelikli olmalıdır. Sonuç olarak can ve mal güvenliğinin korunması açısından, imalathanelerin tam otomasyon sistemine geçmesi, iş güvenliğine aykırı olan makinelerin emniyet yönetmeliğine göre teknik düzenlemelerin yapılıp güvenlik standartı oluşturulmalıdır.

Dr Barry Blundell looks at the debate around whether three-dimensional (3D) display systems for general-purpose computer applications significantly advance the human-computer interaction process. Imagine that you were to win a prize: one state-of-the-art 3D computer display. Eagerly you consign your conventional flat screen display to the floor, fit the interface card, connect cables and load the software drivers. You turn on the system and verify that the display will act as a conventional monitor. Delighted, you attempt to test out its 3D capabilities and search the internet for appropriate 3D images, with little success. Everything (including the webcam at your favourite Kenyan water-hole) seems to be geared up for the monocular capability of the conventional display. Even general-purpose software products don't use the facilities offered by the stylish display which is now the centrepiece of your desk. Undaunted, you finally locate suitable 3D image files, but have misplaced the special glasses you need to view the images. At last you find them. Stunning 3D scenes appear to reach out towards you from the display. Naturally, you want to interact with them, but no, effecting interaction using keyboard and mouse is far from easy; they are simply unsuitable for navigation in 3D space. And now you come to think of it, the image quality of the new display in 2D mode is not as good as your old monitor either. You consign it to the attic, and your trusty conventional display is again your window into the digital world.

Dr Barry Blundell looks at the debate around whether three-dimensional (3D) display systems for general-purpose computer applications significantly advance the human-computer interaction process. Imagine that you were to win a prize: one state-of-the-art 3D computer display. Eagerly you consign your conventional flat screen display to the floor, fit the interface card, connect cables and load the software drivers. You turn on the system and verify that the display will act as a conventional monitor. Delighted, you attempt to test out its 3D capabilities and search the internet for appropriate 3D images, with little success. Everything (including the webcam at your favourite Kenyan water-hole) seems to be geared up for the monocular capability of the conventional display. Even general-purpose software products don't use the facilities offered by the stylish display which is now the centrepiece of your desk. Undaunted, you finally locate suitable 3D image files, but have misplaced the special glasses you need to view the images. At last you find them. Stunning 3D scenes appear to reach out towards you from the display. Naturally, you want to interact with them, but no, effecting interaction using keyboard and mouse is far from easy; they are simply unsuitable for navigation in 3D space. And now you come to think of it, the image quality of the new display in 2D mode is not as good as your old monitor either. You consign it to the attic, and your trusty conventional display is again your window into the digital world.

Work has been carried out on the development of a prototype system able to display computer generated images in three-dimensional space. These images may be viewed directly from practically any orientation. Electron gun technology is employed in order to allow a high-performance low-cost commercial system to ultimately be produced. I. INTRODUCTION

Due to the increasingly high market demands, certain changes occur in production to make the manufacturing process as efficient as possible. Our objective is to establish a manufacturing process having features of serial production. Companies wish to reuse the same components, documents and technology as much as possible, which results in additional positive effects: smaller volumes of documents and easier use of such documents, resulting in an overall reduction of costs. Technology and production have developed into ...

The implementation of computational aids in product design is a demand in the design processes on century XXI, that because they allow an increase in quality and creativity of the deliverables of a design process. But this implementation should be guided to an academic process, where technologies methodologies work along. This article presents the results of an implementation of virtual reality techniques to validate and increased product design courses within the undergraduate electrical mobility in Product Design Engineering at that university. Resumen La implementación de ayudas informáticas en el diseño de productos es prácticamente una demanda en el diseño del siglo XXI, ya que su uso permite un aumento de la calidad y la creatividad de los entregables de un proceso de diseño. Pero esta implementación debe estar guiada por un proceso académico, en el cual se implementen tecnologías y metodologías de trabajo. El presente artículo muestra los resultados de una implementación de técnicas de realidad virtual y aumentada para validar el diseño de productos en cursos de movilidad eléctrica dentro del pregrado

We propose a framework for design roadmapping that parallels existing product roadmapping and technology roadmapping processes. It leverages three needs we have observed in organizations as they use existing roadmapping processes: (1) to focus on development of customer and user experiences (UX), not just on features; (2) to increase engagement of designers early in the planning process; and (3) to provide a means for rapidly responding to changes in the environment. Design roadmapping is an attempt to reconcile differences that arise when customer/user needs are not considered simultaneously with technology choices. The proposed design roadmapping process assists project prioritization and selection. The process aggregates design experience elements along a timeline that associates key user needs with the products, services, and/or systems the organization wishes to deliver. To illustrate the design roadmapping process, we conducted a case study in which we applied the design roadm...

In this paper a method is demonstrated for tuning the stiffness of building blocks for statically balanced compliant ortho-planar mechanisms. Three post-buckled mechanisms are proposed where the flexural rigidity can be manipulated over a part of their length in order to tune the ratio between the first two critical loads. A sensitivity analysis using finite element simulation showed that the best balancing performance is obtained in these mechanisms when this ratio was maximized. The results were validated experimentally by capturing the force-deflection relations.

This work presents a numerical model developed to simulate the dynamics and vibrations of a multistage tractor gearbox. The effect of time varying mesh stiffness, time varying frictional torque on the gear teeth, lateral and torsional flexibility of the shafts and flexibility of the bearings were included in the model. The model was developed by using the Lagrangian method, and it was applied to study the effect of three design variables on the vibration and stress levels on the gears. The first design variable, module, had little effect on the vibration levels but a higher module resulted to higher bending stress levels. The second design variable, pressure angle, had little effect on the vibration levels, but had a strong effect on the stress levels on the pinion of a high reduction ratio gear pair. A pressure angle of 25o resulted to lower stress levels for a pinion with 14 teeth than a pressure angle of 20o. The third design variable, contact ratio, had a very strong effect on b...

IBV is working in the emerging area of Emotional Engineering with application in the development of technology for the user wellness. A first prospective analysis is made in the field of smart house technologies for elderly people focused on clarifying the role of emotions in the interaction user-environment mediated by technology. The study was undertaken with elderly people within the age segment from 40 to 75 years old with no pathology that could affect cognitive processes. As a result, a clear emotional dimension is identified as design barrier that makes smart house environments be understood far from redeeming lack of abilities due to ageing. This paper also highlights the challenge of developing methodological approaches customized for the field of emotional design in interactive products.