Exploring the Spatial Dependence and Selection Bias of Double Parking Citations Data

Psychology, Crime & Law, 1997

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2017

This paper investigates the spatial patterns of residential parking intrusions in New York City, their determinants, and an estimated number and spatial patterns of induced excessive vehicle miles traveled (VMT). The paper analyzes parking tickets data with driver registration demographic data, and determines potential residential parking intrusions of passenger vehicles. Results show that significant clusters of intrusions are mainly located in almost all the residential areas of Manhattan, and some residential areas of Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens. A census tract with larger number of elementary schools, larger surrounding retail areas, higher vehicle density, and at least one garage tend to encourage higher intrusion density. In comparison, a census tract with larger surrounding office areas, higher car ownership, and the median year of built later than 1961 tend to deter intrusion density. The overall annual avoidable VMT calculated from ticketed passenger vehicles in New York Ci...

2015

1 As urban areas develop and grow, road space and curb space begin to become scarce resources. 2

Center for Urban Design Studies

This paper looks at the connection between the regulation of parking by cities, transit service levels, and travel and parking behavior in the United States. Travel behavior information comes from the 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) and the Federal Urban Mass Transportation Administration's 1990 Section 15 Report. Data on the current state of parking programs in place in central business districts of the U.S. is identifed through telephone interviews of local officials responsible for parking policies from the twenty cities identified in the NPTS. The travel behavior analyses and the data from the parking officials interviews were combined with data from the Federal Highway Administration's Journey-to-Work data to group cities according to their parking policies, transit service, and ridership levels on a continuum of "Transit-Accommodating Cities" and "Auto-Accomodating Cities". A key finding is that cities with interventionist parking policies, high parking prices and limited supply, frequent transit service, and a high probability that travelers will pay to park are the most likely to have high transit ridership figures.

Public Works Management & Policy, 2014

Researchers and practitioners who are interested in whether low parking costs may play a role in skewing travel toward the private automobile and away from transit have been hampered by the lack of systematic data on parking costs. This exploratory study reports on downtown public parking costs using a 2009 survey of public parking agencies in 107 U.S. cities. On average, on-street meters allowed parking for up to 2 hr and charged $1.00 per hour while off-street "commuter" lots charged $11 per day. Median fees for violating regulations ranged from $25 (meter violations) up to $200 (handicapped parking violations). Exploratory multivariable regression results found higher parking cost was associated with an increase in public transit miles in larger cities (adjusted for economic features of the city). This preliminary, exploratory study provides baseline data with which to compare future parking data that could inform parking policy's influence on mode choice. is a social and environmental epidemiologist on the faculty at Drexel University School of Public Health. Her work has examined healthy effects of air pollution and risk factors within residential environments that influence health behaviors related to physical activity, diet, and obesity.

Car parking is a challenging part of urban transportation and the traffic violations around it cause many problems for citizens. In recent years, due to the fast growth and development of urbanization, temporary and unauthorized stopping of cars along the streets, especially in large cities, has led to an increased traffic, urban disorders, dangers for citizens, and violation of rules. Studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between vehicle parking violations and urban places. GIScience capabilities and tools play an important role in analysing the spatial distribution of these violations. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution of vehicle violations in a region of Tehran, Iran that is suffering from a heavy traffic load and heavily polluted air. Although two dissimilar urban segregations exist in the north and south of the study area, our analysis indicates a similar pattern of car parking violations. In both of the areas, about 70% of all curb parks ...

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board

1 As urban areas develop and grow, road space and curb space begin to become scarce resources. 2

2020

The chapter reflects on the 12 case studies discussed in the book and considers their implications for future research. At the end of the chapter, a new agenda for parking research in large cities is set out.

Transportation Research Record, 2015

Parking is among the most discussed topics in local politics, with citizens and business owners frequently concerned about supplies being too low. However, numerous research efforts have shown that parking is routinely oversupplied in single-use districts in the United States, and others have documented the same trend in mixed-use districts. This paper looks at parking supply and usage in an additional 27 mixed-use districts around the country, the largest sample of districts examined in this type of study. Defining sufficient supply as that which would leave 15 percent of spaces open, we find that parking is oversupplied by 65% on average. Differences in oversupply are not systematically explained by commute mode share, region, type of place, or any other dimension we were able to identify. Indeed, oversupply in places that have identified parking shortages averages 45%. The finding suggests that parking is often oversupplied to such an extent that it is non-binding on travel decisions and has become unmoored from the typical relationship between supply and demand. Given the perception of shortage even where there is a documented oversupply suggests that better parking management could be a more effective tool for mitigating perceived shortages than would an increase in supply.

COMPUTATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRESS IN APPLIED SCIENCE & ENGINEERING, 2022

Double park, Double park violation, On-street parking, Park distance, Driver personal characteristics. Today, the problem of lack of parking space, especially in the central areas of the city, plagues most large cities. Drivers are always looking for a suitable place to stop their vehicles. One of the most popular types of parking by drivers is the park on the side of the road, and how to park it is considered as one of the factors affecting the performance of the road. Also, many factors affect the duration of park maneuvers in the margins of the passages, which disrupts the saturation flow rate passing through the passage. Therefore, it is important to study the effect of on-street parking on the performance of main thoroughfares. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of personal characteristics of passenger car drivers on on-street parking violations. In this regard, 4 streets in Rasht city (Lakani, Golsar, Nawab, Takhti) were selected based on different objectives. Also, the peak hours were determined by examining the peak time through live traffic images on Google. Variables such as driver age, sex and coverage, park distance, intersection, vehicle, pickup time and weather condition were considered as possible factors affecting the double park violation. As a result, the longest park distance recorded at 1013 is 150 to 250 meters, which indicates that there is no parking space on the streets per se. Also, most of the double park violations take place in rainy weather, which shows the effect of rain on the double park violation.