Greek History

Rebetiko is a style of folk music that originated at the end of the nineteenth century in prisons and ports and has been described as «the Greek blues». Rebetiko shares parallels with blues in its origins among marginalised communities, however, while rebetiko evolved with contributions from Asia Minor refugees in the ports of the Eastern Mediterranean, blues traces its roots to West Africans who were forced to leave their country to become slaves in the USA. Banned for decades, rebetiko and its characteristic Eastern scales (drómoi) have been transmitted orally across musicians, resulting in inconsistencies in documentation and discrepancies between authors. To address these challenges the drómoi were collated from eighteen sources, then re-imagined and re-harmonised, and finally used for the creation of intercultural songs like «9 + 7 = 8» and «Σουρουκλεμές & Γιαβουκλού». The fusion of rebetiko and blues is examined through their dissection that focuses on orientalism of twelve-bar blues progressions with the use of drómoi and the adaptation of jazz chord-scale systems. The analyses showcase interpretations of 'drunk' feels through the alteration of asymmetrical time signatures, as well as by utilising a Dilla-inspired feel. This paper prompts discussions on how modernity is achieved through cultural blending.

The close conceptual links between symbolic death, rebirth, and pilgrimage are widely known to modern sociologists and anthropologists and can be observed in several modern pilgrimage traditions. This study argues that the same connections can already be detected in Aristides' Hieroi Logoi, "the earliest detailed first-person account of pilgrimage that survives from antiquity". In terms of methodology, this article follows recent scholarly work on ancient lived religion perspectives and religiously motivated mobility that favours a broader understanding of the notion of pilgrimage in the Greek-speaking world. Rutherford, in particular, has produced a plethora of pioneering studies on all aspects of 'sacred tourism' experience in various media including documentary papyri, inscriptions, and graffiti. This chapter builds further on Rutherford's work and focuses on Aristides' accounts of his visits to smaller, less-well known healing centres. The main aim is to demonstrate how Aristides' pilgrimage experience to the healing temple of Asclepius at Poimanenos or Poimanenon (a town of ancient Mysia near Cyzicus) is wholly recast and presented in terms of travelling to the sacred site of Eleusis, one of the most important cultural and religious centres of the Roman Empire in the Antonine Era. Thus, Aristides' pilgrimage experience to Poimanenos is successfully reframed as a mystic initiation that marks the death of the previous ill self and the birth of the new, enlightened, and healthy self.

This study examines two Persian translations of Haruki Murakami's Norwegian Wood (2001) by Omrani (2019) and Ghabraei (2017), analyzing them through Farahzad's three-dimensional Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) model (2012). By scrutinizing the translators' choices in rendering the novel's ideological and cultural complexities, this research aims to provide valuable insights for English Language Teachers. Analyzing how translators navigate cultural nuances, address sensitive content, and convey the author's intended meaning can enhance teachers' understanding of intercultural communication and the challenges of cross-cultural interpretation. Furthermore, this study demonstrates how the analysis of translated literature can be used as a pedagogical tool to develop students' critical thinking skills, intercultural competence, and awareness of the power dynamics inherent in language and translation. The findings of this research, which reveal varying degrees of fidelity and ideological shifts in the translations, can inform the development of culturally sensitive teaching materials and classroom activities that engage students with the complexities of translated texts and their implications for understanding diverse perspectives in a globalized world.

« Ophtalmologie divine : de Sainte Paraskevi à Déméter et Korè» : Cet article compare les objets votifs grecs modernes et antiques liés aux maladies ophtalmologiques. il examine le rôle et la typologie des tamata (« objets votifs » en grec moderne) dans le culte de guérison chrétien de sainte Paraskevi en Grèce moderne, et donne un bref aperçu d'autres saintes chrétiennes qui président à la vue et sont en lien étroit avec la lumière. en outre, cette étude examine les offrandes en forme d'oeil (anathemata en grec ancien) trouvées dans les temples dédiés à déméter et à Coré. « Comparer l'incomparable » permet une analyse ad fontes de la perception de la maladie ophtalmologique et de la pluralité régionale des cultes de guérison. en outre, cela autorise une discussion fructueuse sur le contexte culturel propre à la santé et à la maladie ophtalmologique. abstract : this chapter compares modern and ancient Greek votives related to ophthalmological illness. it discusses the role and typology of tamata ('votives' in modern Greek) in the Christian healing cult of st Paraskevi in modern Greece, along with a brief survey of other Christian female saints who preside over eyesight and their close connection to light. Moreover, this study examines ancient Greek eye-shaped votives (anathemata in ancient Greek), which were found in temples dedicated to demeter and Kore. 'Comparing the incomparables' , this paper argues, allows for an ad fontes analysis of the lived experience of ophthalmological illness and of the regional diversity of healing cults. Moreover, it allows for a fruitful discussion of the culture-specific framing of ophthalmological health and illness.

Germanii şi austro-ungarii trebuiau să atace din două direcţii pentru a ocupa această zonă. Lupte grele se dau pentru Măgura Odobeştilor care era cheia poziţiilor româno-ruse. Căderea ei în mâinile duşmanului a dus la pierderea Focşanilor şi a Văii Putnei. Oraşul Focşani, reşedinţa judeţului Putna, va fi ocupat de armatele Puterilor Centrale în noaptea de 25 spre 26 decembrie 1916/7-8 ianuarie 1917, ca de altfel şi cea mai pare parte a judeţului Putna, 50 comune din 80 fiind ocupate. Românii şi ruşii, după pierderea Măgurii Odobeştilor şi evacuarea Focşanilor s-au retras pe linia Suşiţei, Putnei şi a Siretului. La 28 decembrie 1916/10 ianuarie 1917, Inaltul Comandament german dădu ordinul de intrare în defensivă. Războiul de poziţie, cu bombardamentul şi acţiunile lui locale se va menţine pentru o jumătate de an (1).

The encounter between Josiah and Necho at Megiddo in 609 BCE (2 Kings 23,29) was a fateful event in biblical period history and theology. Yet, the archaeology of the site failed to supply information about this affair. Here we describe the finds of several post 732 BCE layers recently unearthed at the site, with special attention to Level X-3 of the late 7 th century. The finds in this layer include an exceptional number of Egyptian-made pottery vessels as well as a significant number of East Greek pottery, usually interpreted as representing Greek mercenaries in the service of the 26 th Dynasty. These finds shed light on the population of Egyptian-governed Megiddo and hence on the background of the 609 BCE event.

The merging of voice with instruments is generally regarded as an ideal form of expression. But across cultures and centuries, the relationship between these two poles have been evolving, leading to renegotiation and sometimes split-up. The purpose of this paper is to draw some lines of research in regard to the relationship between music and singing in the so called maqâm traditions. We will consider firstly the aesthetic arguments for the pre-eminence of vocal music over instrumental music, and, secondly the technical arguments for the superiority of instrumental music singing, as well as the impact of the instruments on the definition of the maqâms and the evolution of its performance.

The purpose of the presentation is to explore the idea of the plan by a group of Pontic Greeks abroad to establish the Autonomous Republic of Pontos under the leadership of Konstantinos I. Konstantinidis, a merchant from Kerasounta (now Giresun). It began by the forming of the ‘National Association of Pontic Greeks’ in Paris in 1917. The effort towards Pontic independence met with fierce external and internal opposition. The end of the First World War had created a turbulent geopolitical landscape, known as the Eastern Question. The Russian Empire of the Tsars was overthrown by the new Bolshevik revolution of October 1917 and the Greek State was experiencing a moral and economic slump following defeat in Asia Minor (1919-1922). At the same time, the New Turkey’ was emerging on the horizon following the revolutionary supplanting of the ‘Sublime Porte’ by Kemal Ataturk (1919). With regard to the internal factors, we may point out indicatively the absence of a strong popular support base for self-determination and the lack of any detailed plan by the social elite (economic, political and diplomatic) who would be in a position to bring it about in the international geopolitical chessboard of Asia Minor and the Black Sea. As part of the publication of the positions of the ‘National Association of Pontic Greeks’, two letter cards were printed, presenting maps of the territory being claimed. These two maps show, with different frontiers, the future Republic, with the Trebizond Vilayet as the central area. The methodology of the subject is explored by using three analytical axes: I) the socio-economic, II) international diplomacy – politics and III) the national ideology expressed by the maps. The comparative relationship of these three axes underscores the lack of alignment amongst them, a fact which led to the failure of the enterprise. The objective of this presentation is to show a new cartographic design, which, using modern measurements, permit the borders of the areas claimed to be clear delineated. The spatial information drawn from studying the maps relate to the context of the historical-geographical and, by extension, geopolitical events.

How should stories about enslaved people who became rich and/or famous after their manumission be understood? Given that manumission did not make former slaves legally equal to citizens in the ancient Greek world, do these stories reflect realities in the places where these slaves lived and acted? Do they reflect concepts about and hopes among slaves for social mobility and a general belief that slaves had equal mental abilities?
Or do they reflect the anxieties of slave-owners lest such scenarios materialize?
My aim here is to examine some of these stories in their social, cultural, and political contexts and offer some observations. Being written about 2,500 years ago by persons other than the slaves themselves, in various genres and for different purposes, these stories pose serious obstacles and present a complex and ambiguous picture. This very kaleidoscopic tableau, however, more than that portrayed in legal texts, may teach us about the concepts and attitudes to slaves and freed slaves in the  communities and periods in which they were written or – if the extant evidence allows inference – in which the subjects of these stories lived.

Gli studi su quelli che impropriamente vengono definiti “casi regionali” (fra i più recenti Provenza, Isole tirreniche e Dalmazia) ci invitano a decentrare il nostro sguardo e a cercare di comprendere la natura politica della riforma ecclesiastica dei secoli XI-XII. Essa, pur tenendo conto delle riserve sull’utilizzo del termine “riforma”, perseguiva una ridefinizione globale dell’Occidente cattolico romano, dominato dal papa, che nell’accezione più radicale del primato petrino era inteso come il sovrano di tutti i sovrani, intenzionato a estendere l’autorità pontificia sull’intero mondo cristiano. In particolare, studiare la Dalmazia medievale aiuta a riflettere sull’autorità pontificia vista contemporaneamente da Roma e da un territorio ancora un po’ trascurato dalle grandi opere di sintesi sul Medioevo. Ciò è prezioso e stimolante per un confronto con altre aree geografiche, come lo spazio tirrenico centro settentrionale, in particolare la Sardegna, in cui si ebbero situazioni ed esiti politico istituzionali in qualche modo simili. Il presente contributo analizza dunque le politiche messe in opera parallelamente dal re di Croazia Dimitri Zvonimir e dagli altri principi dalmati da una parte e dai giudici sardi dall’altra. Tali politiche miravano a garantire alle proprie dinastie e alle Chiese locali una maggiore autonomia e uno spazio operativo necessari al consolidamento dei rispettivi domini territoriali.

Η συγγραφή και η κυκλοφορία της Ιστορίας της Νεότερης Ελλάδας από την πτώση της Ανατολικής Αυτοκρατορίας,  έχει διττό στόχο,
 αφενός στο πεδίο των διεθνών σχέσεων, όπου στοχεύει στην τεκμηρίωση και απόδειξη της αδιάπτωτης συνέχειας του Ελληνικού Έθνους και επέκεινα στο απαράγραπτο δικαίωμα της αυτοδιαθέσεως του,
 αφετέρου δε, όσον αφορά στο Ελληνικό Έθνος στην εδραίωση της αυτογνωσίας και της ιστορικής του συνείδησης ενόψει της απελευθέρωσής του.
Ο Καποδίστριας επιδίδεται σε μία προσπάθεια για τη διεθνοποίηση του ελληνικού ζητήματος  πρωταρχικά μέσω της διεθνούς διπλωματίας,  αλλά και με την πνευματική και ιδεολογική συνέργεια ενός ιστορικού έργου, που μετατρέπεται σε έναν δίαυλο επικοινωνίας με τη Δύση. Κυρίως όμως μέσω ενός έργου ικανού να παγιώσει τις έννοιες της εθνικής αυτοσυνειδησίας και της εθνικής ταυτότητας, ως συνεκτικών στοιχείων του αναδυόμενου κράτους, στοχεύοντας ταυτόχρονα στην ευρωπαϊκή τους προβολή, μέσω της άρθρωσης και της διαμεσολάβησης λόγου κατεξοχήν ιστορικού.
Πράγματι η κυκλοφορία του βιβλίου το 1828  θα έχει σημαντική και ευρύτατη απήχηση στους ευρωπαϊκούς λογοτεχνικούς κύκλους  γεγονός που επικυρώνεται και από τις διάσπαρτες αναφορές σε έγκριτα έντυπα, όπως π.χ.
 στη φλωρεντινή Antologia του Vieusseux (τ. XXXII, Ottobre, Novembre, Dicembre 1828, no XCIV Ottobre 1828,σσ. 83–104)
 στην παρισινή εφημερίδα Le Constitutionnel: journal du commerce, politique et littéraire, όπου στο φύλλο με ημερομηνία 21 Ίουλίου 1828 αναγράφεται η κυκλοφορία του ιστορικού έργου στη Γαλλία και την Ελβετία.
 στη Journal de Genève όπου την 1η Μαΐου του 1828 δημοσιεύθηκε μία βιβλιοκρισία της Histoire moderne, όπου ο συντάκτης της εξαίρει την αυθεντικότητα του υλικού που παρέθεσε στο έργο του ο Νερουλός, το οποίο, καθώς αυτός επισημαίνει, διακρίνεται για τις ευφυείς και σε βάθος παρατηρήσεις, τη μετριοπαθή αλλά και πατριωτική θέαση των γεγονότων, τη σπάνια αμεροληψία για έναν σύγχρονο συγγραφέα.
 Επίσης το 1830 το ιστορικό έργο του Νερουλού μεταφράστηκε στη Λειψία και στη γερμανική γλώσσα.

This paper analyses the reason why the Linear A sign *47 can be interpreted as a ligatured sign (ka+ro) and, exactly for this reason, it can also be considered the equivalent of the Linear B *141 (AURum). The analysis is based on the "etymological genealogy" of the word χρυσός.

Nota critica su, Donatella Di Cesare, Democrazia e anarchia. Il potere nella polis, Torino: Einaudi 2024 di JACOPO VIGNOLA * Democrazia e anarchia. Il potere nella pólis è un chiaro e potente invito alla riflessione su temi e concetti che, dall'antichità greca ai giorni nostri, attraversano i principali spazi della cultura occidentale, mettendone continuamente in discussione non solo i confini tradizionalmente stabiliti, ma anche le molteplici tensionigeo-politiche, letterarie, etimologiche, culturali, filosoficheagenti al loro interno. Sin dalle prime righe del testo, Di Cesare ci porta alla radice del problema che guiderà l'intero libro: come ri-scoprire e rendere operativi i nessi storico-ontologici tra «anarchia» e «democrazia», costantemente velatiquando non screditati o condannatidalla tradizione filosofico-culturale dell'Occidente? Sul solco tracciato dai lavori di Abensour, Castoriadis, Foucault, Laclau, Lefort, Janicaud, Marchart, Rancièree il nostro elenco rimane parziale -Di Cesare, anziché centrarsi sulle «condizioni trascendentali» (13) di ogni democrazia possibile, pone enfasi su come la prassi democratica radichi «in nessun altro fondamento che nel proprio compiersi» (ibid.). Nella sua incompiutezza strutturale, nel suo costitutivo «à venir» (cfr. Derrida 2003: 63 ss. -citato dall' Autrice), la «democrazia radicale» a cui punta Di Cesare (9) non può che configurarsi come permanentemente in rivolta contro la sclerotizzazione dell'ordine costituito. A partire da questa angolatura, si intravedono anche tracce della concezione marcusiana della New Left, spurgata da incrostazioni neo-liberali, libera da quella ortodossia marxista acriticamente sicura del suo dispiegamento storico e, parallelamente, aperta a forme di lotta in trasformazione continua (cfr. Marcuse 2007, specialmente il cap. «Sulla nuova sinistra», 71-138). Traspare ad un tempo il rifiuto, in forma «assoluta, anarchica, e perfino non-politica», verso ogni mediazione con il Sistema vigente (cfr. Marcuse 2002: 147 ss.). L'«interruzione dell'arché» (15) realizzata della prassi democratica spinge l' Autrice a porre diverse questioni, tra cui: «L'anarchia rappresenta il fantasma che perseguita la democrazia, la inficia dal fondo, ne minaccia la rovina? Oppure è, al contrario, quell'assenza di principio che ne preserva l'infondatezza, quell'impossibilità di comando che ne mette in scacco ogni arché?» (ibid.). Contro la pretesa di stabilire un «modello ideale» di democrazia, di prevedere ciò che essa «dovrebbe essere» (23), il rapporto politica/politico dischiude a Di Cesare un terreno di confronto inedito e reso fertile da una vena carsica al cui interno scorrono molte-*

Aydın EFE  Konya ili bulunduğu konum itibariyle tarihi ipek yolu üzerinde konumlanmış önemli bir şehirdir. Buna ek olarak bünyesinde bulunan geniş tarım arazileri ve üretilen ürünlerin bolluğu şehrin hem tarımsal ve hem de ticari açıdan zenginleşmesine imkân tanımaktadır. Tüm bunlar şehre olan yabancı ilgisini tarihin her devrinde arttırmıştır. Üzerinde kurulan medeniyetler ve bu medeniyetlerin kuruluş sürecindeki mücadeleleri oldukça çetin geçmiştir. Son hâkimi ise Türkler olmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti'nin güçlü olduğu dönemlerinde huzur ve barış ortamı hiç bozulmamıştır. Devletin giderek gücünü kaybetmeye başladığı yıllardan itibaren ise azınlıklar siyaseten ayrılıkçı faaliyetlere başvurmuşlardır. Osmanlı Devleti'nin son anlarında Türk ve Rum nüfusun bir arada yaşama imkânlarının kalmadığı açıkça görülmüştür. Bu çerçevede mübadele çalışmaları başlatılmışsa da I. Dünya savaşının ortaya çıkışı ile uygulama imkânı kalmamıştır. Yeni kurulan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti mübadele konusunun üzerine gitmiş ve imzalanan antlaşma çerçevesinde Yunanistan ile karşılıklı göçler yaşanmıştır. Mübadele Antlaşması, hukuk çerçevesinde karşılıklı göçlerin yaşandığı son harekettir. Gidenler ve gelenlerin hepsinin kayıtları eksiksiz tutulmuş ve hak kayıplarının önüne geçilmeye çalışılmıştır. Araştırma, Mübadele Antlaşması çerçevesinde çalışmalar yapılırken Konya merkezde bulunan emval-i metrukelerin işlendiği bir defter çerçevesinde şekillenmiştir. Defterde giden Rumların bulundukları mahalleler, hane numaraları ve bunların özellikleri en ince ayrıntılarına kadar kayıt altına alınmıştır. Defterde bulunan her türlü bilgi ve kayıt, oluşturulan excel dosyalarına mahalle bazında işlenmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Bu deftere göre haneler başta olmak üzere dükkânlar, hanlar, fabrikalar, işyerleri, tarlalar, bağlar, arsa ve bahçeler tek tek tespit edilmiştir. Tespiti yapılan bu emval-i metrukeler bulundukları mahalleler itibariyle son derece kıymetli ve değerlidir. Ayrıca şehir genelinde gidenlerin kullanımında olan bazı tesisler hakkında da burada bilgiler verilmiştir.

En el comienzo de Bacantes de Eurípides asistimos a una ciudad atravesada por la escisión, tanto de su población (una mitad, la femenina, habita ahora el ambiente montaraz) como de su consenso interno (la otra mitad, enfrentada entre sí como lo grafica el conflicto entre Penteo y el dúo Tiresias-Cadmo). Para el cierre de la obra, la devastación de Tebas se encarna en la destrucción de su oîkos principal. La invasión del elemento salvaje que se adueña del núcleo urbano se replica en el cuerpo descuartizado del titular de la autoridad con la que la pólis se identificaba (Penteo) y se consuma con el abandono de la ciudad de los otros personajes pertenecientes a aquel oîkos principal (Ágave y Cadmo) para ser ocupado, cual ejército invasor, por un coro de bacantes asiáticas. El objetivo de este capítulo es relevar en el prólogo emitido por Dioniso las referencias al espacio (y en especial el de la pólis) a fin de analizar sus cargas sémicas y advertir los movimientos homólogos que presentan con una escena clave de la trama, el sparagmós de Penteo, puesto que, al tratarse de una tragedia donde las estructuras de la pólis se desintegran, las marcas espaciales sirven precisamente para dar lugar al desborde.

This article explores the impact of destalinisation on the Greek Communist Party (KKE), and on the party's interpretation of the pivotal events of the 1940s, particularly the Resistance and the Civil War. Destalinisation, culminating in the removal of KKE general secretary Nikos Zachariadis in 1956, prompted a reassessment of the party's past but also created significant silences, particularly concerning the Civil War. While the KKE publicly distanced itself from the narrative of the Civil War, framing it as a strategic misstep, it also sought to elevate the memory of the Resistance as a unifying national struggle. However, the article argues that the KKE's reconfiguration of history was not solely a consequence of external Soviet pressures but was also an internal necessity for the political survival of the left in Greece, where political repression persisted after the Civil War.

İnsanların, en eski ifade biçimi olan başından geçen olayları veya bilgileri en özlü şekilde kitlelerin takip edebileceği belirli bir bağlamda aktarabildiği veya inceleyebildiği sözlü bir iletişimdir. Belirli bir mekan, zaman, düzleminde olay örgüsü haline getirip sözlü bir biçimde ifade etmesidir. İnsanların duygularını daha iyi anlayabildiğimiz, dünyanın nasıl bir yer olduğunu biraz daha anlayabildiğimiz, iletişim alanımızı kuvvetlendirdiğimiz, farklı kültürler, üsluplar gördüğümüz farklı bakış açılarına sahip olduğumuz türe denir. Batı'da roman başta olmak üzere modern edebi türlerin doğuşuyla yakından ilgilidir. Rönesans ve Reform ile birlikte hem dünya merkezli evren tasavvuru hem de feodal toplum yapısı değişmiştir. Artık hayatın ve varlığın anlamlandırılmasında din yerine günlük hayatta her an karşımıza çıkan sıradan bireylerin hikayelerine bırakmıştır. Anlatıbilim terimi ilk kez, 1969 yılında Tzatvan Todorov tarafından kaleme alınan Grammarie du Deameran isimli kitapta kullanılmıştır. Fransa 'da ortaya çıkan ve günümüzde uluslararası geçerliliği olan oldukça dinamik bir araştırma sahasıdır. Anlatıbilim, 1960'lı yılların sonunda başlı başına bir disiplin olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. İnsanlar, konuşmayı çok seven bir canlıdır. Nasıl yemek yemek, su içmek gibi temel ihtiyaçlarımız var ise konuşmaya, derdimizi birine anlatmaya da ihtiyaç duyarız. Duyduğu, yaşadığı, gördüğü olayı hemen birine aktarmak ister karşıdakinin ilgine bağlı olarak bunları daha da çoğaltarak anlatır. Mutlu olduğunda bunu karşı tarafa aktardığında ona da bulaştığına inanır. Aynı şekilde acının da anlattıkça azaldığını düşünür. Geçmişten günümüze bu şekilde devam etmiştir. Tek başına hiçbir duyguyu yaşamak istemez. Bu şekilde insanlar, empati yapmayı veya farklı kültürler, ağızlar öğrenmesine katkı sağlamış olur.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the Congress of Vienna, which is considered the first forum in the history of diplomacy, as the main event where the multilateral diplomacy was introduced and the framework of international organizations, as an important actor of international relations, were created. Multilateral diplomacy is defined as the approach of administration of international relations through the direct contact of negotiations at different forums such as conferences or congresses by representatives of at least three sovereign countries. The paper will contain two main parts. In the first part the analysis will be focused in the Congress of Vienna as the main event where the application of multilateral diplomacy started. In the second part of the paper, the Congress will be viewed through the lenses of the main event which marked the beginning of the creation of international organizations in world politics. Many scholars claim that the beginning of international organiza...

ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΣ Μ. ΚΟΝΤΟΓΕΩΡΓΗΣ –  Όλγα Κατσιαρδή-Hering: η Ελλάδα στον κόσμο
ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΣ ΗΡΟΔΟΤΟΥ,  ΑΡΙΣΤΕΙΔΗΣ ΧΑΤΖΗΣ–  «Δεν είναι στριμωγμένος στα όρια του ελληνικού κράτους ο Νέος Ελληνισμός», Συνέντευξη με την ΟΛΓΑ ΚΑΤΣΙΑΡΔΗ-HERING
ΑΡΙΣΤΕΙΔΗΣ ΧΑΤΖΗΣ –  Η Επανάσταση με τα μάτια των Αυστριακών
ΒΑΓΓΕΛΗΣ ΣΑΡΑΦΗΣ –  Όλγα Κατσιαρδή-Hering: δασκάλα

The future Fuhrer blamed the Jews and Bolsheviks for producing degenerate and disgusting artistic "trash"' 1 which debased popular culture in the arts, literature and theater. 1 2 Hitler queried whether there was "any form of filth or profligacy, particularly in cultural life, without at least one Jew involved in it?" '13 He answered his own question by contending that ninetenths of the "literary filth, artistic trash, and theatrical idiocy" was produced by the one hundredth of the population who were Jews. 14 Hitler argued that there was no distinctive Jewish artistic creation. 5 The semites' alleged contributions either were comprised of an amalgam of the work of others or constituted intellectual theft. 6 This, according to Hitler, explained the dominance of Jews in theater, the most imitative of the arts. 7 The accolades directed towards these semitic thespians was the product of a Jewish media conspiracy to convince the public that such soulless silhouettes were worthy of esteem. 8 The future Fuhrer viewed the Bolsheviks as the sponsors of what he termed the cubist, dadaist and futurist modern art movements which, he argued, had helped to usher in the cultural decline of Germany. Hitler noted that sixty years ago the organizers of a dadaist art exhibit would have been committed to a mental institution while, in the current climate, they were praised and presided over art associations. 2 0 He ruefully noted that "if the age of Pericles seems embodied in the Parthenon, the Bolshevistic present is embodied in a cubist monstrosity.", 2 1 Hitler warned that the cultural life of Germany was on the verge of being irrevocably contaminated and corroded by the Jewish-Bolshevik disease. 2 2 The artistic icons of German culture were being discarded and displaced by the products of the socialist and semitic pan-epidemic. He attributed the triumph of this foreign bacillus to the threats and attacks launched by the Bolshe-151 (1993).

Gli occhi e la funzione della vista sono fondamentali in moltissimi ambiti nell'antropologia greca, che formula un lessico afferente all'area semantica del vedere davvero ricco di sfumature e articolato in modo sorprendente. Il vocabolario del vedere infatti si declina e si coniuga in innumerevoli lemmi; ciascuno è connotato da una puntuale specificità, come è possibile verificare nell'immenso e variegato linguaggio della narrazione mitica e della letteratura.

The object of the study is the Odrysian dynasty, and the subject is the processes that took place in it (including its historical development) in the period from the middle of the 4th to the middle of the 2nd century BCE. The main focus is placed on the state and development of the dynastic house of the Odrysians in the period of the Macedonian hegemony in Thrace and the subsequent era of aspirations toward the Thracian lands by the Hellenistic states – an era that ended with the beginning of the establishment of the military-political presence of the Roman Republic over the territory of the Balkan Peninsula.

XIX Всероссийская археологическая конференция студентов и аспирантов «Проблемы археологии Восточной Европы»: материалы конференции / отв. ред. Е.В. Вдовченков; Южный федеральный университет. – Ростов-на-Дону; Таганрог: Издательство ЮФУ, 2024. ISBN 978-5-9275-4912-2. С. 84–89.

This essay analyzes the representation of gods in ancient literature, focusing on The Odyssey by Homer from an anthropological, philosophical, and literary perspective. It examines divine anthropomorphism, showing how Greek gods not only have human form but also emotions and passions akin to those of mortals, actively influencing human lives. This view contrasts with the Judeo-Christian tradition, where God's anthropomorphic representation is interpreted metaphorically. Additionally, the study explores the role of education (areté) in shaping the divine and the influence of fate as a boundary to divine power. Lastly, it considers whether gods were conceived in man's image as a cultural expression of the human ideal, aligning with the views of thinkers such as Jaeger, Otto, Vernant, Marx, and Feuerbach. The conclusion emphasizes that Greek divinity is not merely moralistic but rather reflects the complexity of the human spirit and its aspiration to excellence within a symbolically coherent universe.

Εργασία με τίτλο: "Οι αντιδράσεις των Ελλήνων της Κύπρου στο άκουσμα της είδησης ότι ο ελληνικός στρατός αποβιβάστηκε στη Σμύρνη (Μάιος 1919). Με βάση αυτές τις αντιδράσεις πιστεύετε ότι το ενωτικό αίσθημα είχε ευρεία απήχηση στην Κύπρο; " στα πλαίσια του ΠΜΣ Νεότερης και Σύγχρονης Ιστορίας του Πανεπιστημίου Νεάπολις Πάφου

Εργασία με τίτλο: "H στάση της Βρετανίας κατά τη διάρκεια της Ελληνικής Επανάστασης (1821-1827). Τι μεσολάβησε από την καταδίκη του 1821 μέχρι την υπεράσπιση της Επανάστασης στο Ναβαρίνο." στα πλαίσια του ΠΜΣ Νεότερης και Σύγχρονης Ιστορίας του Πανεπιστημίου Νεάπολις Πάφου

Εργασία με τίτλο: "H επιδίωξη εδαφικής επέκτασης του ελληνικού κράτους κατά το δεύτερο μισό του 19ου αιώνα, σε συνάρτηση με την επικράτηση της Μεγάλης Ιδέας κατά το ίδιο χρονικό διάστημα." στα πλαίσια του ΠΜΣ Νεότερης και Σύγχρονης Ιστορίας του Πανεπιστημίου Νεάπολις Πάφου

In order to study the provenance of the clays used for the black-glaze (BG) decoration of Athenian pottery, we analysed in situ with the use of a Bruker handheld-PXRF system ~100 Geometric, Archaic and Classical decorated sherds from the 19th century excavations at the Acropolis of Athens , Boeotian ware from the Kavirion excavations and test pieces from the early excavations at the potter's quarter in Corinth. The sherds were also examined microscopically and documented by means of optical microscopy/digital photography. The results were compared with laboratory BG specimens produced by following the "iron reduction technique" at the THETIS workshop in Athens. The laboratory BG specimens used clay-colloids from 36 different ferruginous, illitic, low-calcium content, clay-sources in Attica. Trace element comparison between modern and ancient BG samples, with respect to the Zn content, points to the occasional use in antiquity of claydeposits from Laurium. In addition, two phenomenological features of the ancient BG samples also present in prominent museum exhibits, i.e. the characteristic star-like micro-cracks and distinct brown-black colour shades, appear in the laboratory BG specimens produced from specific clay-deposits in the Panakton plateau and Mount-Parnes region.