Health Psychology

Women with histories of incarceration show high levels of risk for HIV and intimate partner violence (IPV). This randomized controlled trial with women at risk for HIV who had recent criminal justice system involvement (n=530) evaluated two interventions based on Motivational Interviewing to reduce either HIV risk or HIV and IPV risk. Baseline and 3, 6, and 9-month follow-up assessments measured unprotected intercourse, needle sharing, and IPV. Generalized estimating equations revealed that the intervention groups had significant decreases in unprotected intercourse and needle sharing, and significantly greater reductions in the odds and incidence rates of unprotected intercourse compared to the control group. No significant differences were found in changes in IPV over time between the HIV and IPV group and the control group. Motivational Interviewing-based HIV prevention interventions delivered by county health department staff appear helpful in reducing HIV risk behavior for this population.

Objective: to analyze, from the perspective of lesbian and bisexual women, Nursing care in Family Health Units. Method: this is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study, carried out by means of interviews with five lesbian and bisexual women. The study adopted, for information analysis, the Content Analysis technique, in the modality of Thematic Analysis. Results: lesbian and bisexual women face difficulties during nursing consultation, such as lack of reception, prejudice and nonspecific information about prevention of diseases. Conclusion: women were not welcomed, cared for and assisted regarding their health needs and specificities. The lack of assistance of nursing professionals is worrisome in relation to issues of specificities of lesbians and bisexuals. Descriptors: Female Homosexuality; Primary Health Care; Nursing Care; Sexual and Gender Minorities; Prejudice; User Embracement. RESUMO Objetivo: analisar, sob a ótica de mulheres lésbicas e bissexuais, a assistência d...

Pharmacist attitudes about the over-the-counter (OTC) sale of HIV rapid tests in pharmacies were explored through interviews conducted among 17 licensed community pharmacists in a Midwestern, moderate HIV incidence state between May and September 2012. Participants recognized that OTC rapid HIV tests would increase the number of people aware of their HIV status. Concerns included linkage to care and results consultation for those who test HIV-positive. Point of sale was identified as an opportunity for consultation about the test and to establish a relationship for future discussion about results and linkage to care. Pharmacists could provide initial test consultation or information, and consultation about the test results in order to provide post diagnosis support and facilitate linkage to care. Las actitudes de los farmacéuticos sobre el over-the-counter (OTC) venta de las pruebas rápidas del VIH en farmacias se exploró a través de entrevistas entre los 17 farmacéuticos comunitarios con licencia en un estado del Midwestern en Estados Unidos, moderado incidencia del VIH entre Mayo y Septiembre de 2012. Los participantes reconocieron que OTC pruebas rápidas de VIH aumentaría el número de personas que conocen su estado serológico. Las preocupaciones incluyen la vinculación con cuidado y consulta los resultados para los que el resultado es VIH-positivo. Point of sale de venta fue identificado como una oportunidad de consulta sobre la prueba y establecer una relación para un discussion futuro sobre los resultados y la vinculación a la atención. Los farmacéuticos podría ofrecer consulta inicial de prueba o información y consulta sobre los resultados de la prueba con el fin de ofrecer apoyo después de diagnóstico y facilitar la vinculación a la atención.

Scientific research has made major contributions to adolescent health by providing insights into factors that influence it and by defining ways to improve it. However, US adolescent sexual and reproductive health policies-particularly sexuality health education policies and programs-have not benefited from the full scope of scientific understanding. From 1998 to 2009, federal funding for sexuality education focused almost exclusively on ineffective and scientifically inaccurate abstinence-only-until-marriage (AOUM) programs. Since 2010, the largest source of federal funding for sexual health education has been the "tier 1" funding of the Office of Adolescent Health's Teen Pregnancy Prevention Initiative. To be eligible for such funds, public and private entities must choose from a list of 35 programs that have been designated as "evidence-based" interventions (EBIs), determined based on their effectiveness at preventing teen pregnancies, reducing sexually tra...

HIV/HCV prevention among people who inject drugs (PWID) is of key public health importance. We aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 and associated response measures on HIV/HCV prevention services and socio-economic status of PWID in high-HIV-risk sites. Sites with recent (2011-2019) HIV outbreaks among PWID in Europe North America and Israel, that had been previously identified, were contacted early May 2020. Out of 17 sites invited to participate, 13 accepted. Semi-structured qualitative site reports were prepared covering data from March to May 2020, analyzed/coded and confirmed with a structured questionnaire, in which all sites explicitly responded to all 103 issues reported in the qualitative reports. Opioid maintenance treatment, needle/syringe programs and antiretroviral treatment /hepatitis C treatment continued, but with important reductions and operational changes. Increases in overdoses, widespread difficulties with food and hygiene needs, disruptions in drug supply, and increased homelessness were reported. Service programs rapidly reformed long established, and politically entrenched, restrictive service delivery policies. Future epidemic control measures should include mitigation of negative side-effects on service provision and socio-economic determinants in PWID. HIV • Hepatitis C • COVID-19 • People who inject drugs (PWID) • Treatment • Prevention • Services • Epidemiology • Social determinants • Outbreaks • Homelessness • Overdose La prevención del VIH/VHC entre las personas que se inyectan drogas (PWID) es de vital importancia para la salud pública. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el impacto de COVID-19 y las medidas de respuesta asociadas en los servicios de prevención del VIH/VHC y el estado socioeconómico de las PWID en sitios de alto riesgo de VIH. Se contactó con sitios con brotes recientes (2011-2019) de VIH entre PWID en Europa, América del Norte e Israel, que habían sido previamente identificados, a principios de mayo de 2020. De los 17 sitios invitados a participar, 13 aceptaron. Se prepararon informes cualitativos semiestructurados del sitio que cubrían los datos de marzo a mayo de 2020, analizados/codificados y confirmados con un cuestionario estructurado, en el que todos los sitios respondieron explícitamente a los 103 asuntos reportados en los informes cualitativos. El tratamiento de mantenimiento con opiáceos, los programas de agujas/jeringas y el tratamiento antirretroviral/tratamiento de la hepatitis C continuaron, pero con importantes reducciones y cambios operativos. Se reportaron aumentos en las sobredosis, dificultades generalizadas con las necesidades alimentarias y de higiene, interrupciones en el suministro de medicamentos y aumento de personas sin hogar. Los programas de servicios reformaron rápidamente las políticas restrictivas de prestación de servicios, establecidas desde hace mucho tiempo y políticamente arraigadas. Las futuras medidas de control de epidemias deben incluir la mitigación de los efectos secundarios negativos en la prestación de servicios y los determinantes socioeconómicos en las PWID.

The problematic use of psychoactive substances has adverse consequences for people's lives and requires on-going investigation of experiences of onset, course and resolution in order to better inform theoretical understanding, particularly with regard to the use of club drugs and novel psychoactive substances. In turn, this may influence treatment approaches. GHB/GBL, frequently termed 'G', is one such substance, with problematic use resulting in increased presentations at A&E departments and at substance dependence clinics across Europe. The aim of the present study was to explore problematic G use as experienced by people who had presented for treatment, in Ireland, using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). IPA was selected in recognition of the lack of previous research on the experience of problematic use of G and in the context of an evolving understanding of what constitutes problematic substance use. A purposive and homogenous sample of seven people, five gay males and two straight females, who had presented for treatment for 'G' substance use disorder to a community-based

Although current guidelines around the world recommend using absolute risk (AR) thresholds to decide whether cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk should be managed with lifestyle or medication, the use of AR in clinical practice is limited. The aim of this study was to explore the factors that influence general practitioner (GP) and patient decision making about CVD risk management, including the role of risk perception. Qualitative descriptive study involving semi-structured interviews with 25 GPs and 38 patients in Australia in 2011-2012. Transcribed audio-recordings were thematically coded and a Framework Analysis method was used. GPs rarely mentioned AR thresholds but were influenced by their subjective perception of the patient's risk and motivation, and their own attitudes toward prevention, including concerns about medication side effects and the efficacy of lifestyle change. Patients were influenced by individual risk factors, their own motivation to change lifestyle, and a...

Cognitive impairment among populations at risk for HIV poses a significant barrier to managing risk behaviors. The impact of HIV and several cofactors, including substance abuse and mental illness, on cognitive function is discussed in the context of HIV risk behaviors, medication adherence, and risk-reduction interventions. Literature suggests that cognitive impairment is intertwined in a close, reciprocal relationship with both risk behaviors and medication adherence. Not only do increased risk behaviors and suboptimal adherence exacerbate cognitive impairment, but cognitive impairment also reduces the effectiveness of interventions aimed at optimizing medication adherence and reducing risk. In order to be effective, risk-reduction interventions must therefore take into account the impact of cognitive impairment on learning and behavior.

Obat adalah benda atau zat yang dapat digunakan untuk merawat penyakit, meredakan atau menghilangkan gejala, atau mengubah proses kimia dalam tubuh. Obat merupakan bahan atau paduan bahan-bahan yang dimaksudkan untuk digunakan dalam menetapkan diagnosis, mencegah, mengurangi, menghilangkan, menyembuhkan penyakit atau gejala penyakit, luka atau kelainan fisik dan psikis pada manusia atau hewan. Di Amerika Serikat, seorang medis profesional dapat memperoleh obat dari perusahaan farmasi atau apotek (yang membeli obat dari perusahaan farmasi). Apotek dapat juga menyediakan obat secara langsung kepada pasien bila obat tersebut dapat dengan aman digunakan sendiri, atau diberi kuasa dengan resep yang ditulis oleh dokter. Dalam penyuluhan kesehatan tentang cara kerja obat di dalam tubuh di Sekolah Dasar (SD) Muhammadiyah 17-Jakarta Utara dengan umlah siswa 26 orang (Kelas 3). Media yang digunakan digunakan dalam penyuluhan ini yaitu, banner, leaflet, dan power point untuk mendukung kegiatan menjadi lebih efektif. Dari beberapa siswa sebelum kami melakukan penyuluhan, sebagian besar mereka belum mengetahui tentang cara kerja obat di dalam tubuh oleh karena itu penyuluhan ini perlu kami lakukan di Sekolah Dasar tersebut. Dari penyuluhan yang telah dilakukan, dari total 26 siswa/i diperoleh persentase siswa yang telah memahami tentang bagaimana Cara Kerja Obat di dalam tubuh sebesar 93 % dan siswa yang masih belum memahami tentang bagaimana cara kerja obat di dalam tubuh sebesar 7%. Dengan adanya persentase yang diperoleh, secara garis besar siswa/i telah memahami tentang cara kerja obat.

Objective: The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) is a social-cognitive model specifying motivational and volitional determinants of health behavior. A meta-analysis of studies applying the HAPA in health behavior contexts was conducted to estimate the size and variability of correlations among model constructs, test model predictions, and test effects of past behavior and moderators (behavior type, sample type, measurement lag, study quality) on model relations.Methods: A literature search identified 95 studies meeting inclusion criteria with 108 independent samples. Averaged corrected correlations among HAPA constructs and multivariate tests of model predictions were computed using conventional meta-analysis and meta-analytic structural equation modeling, with separate models estimated in each moderator group.Results: Action and maintenance self-efficacy and outcome expectancies had small-to-medium sized effects on health behavior, with effects of outcome expectancies and actio...

The role of NCCARF is to lead the research community in a national interdisciplinary effort to generate the information needed by decision-makers in government, business and in vulnerable sectors and communities to manage the risk of climate change impacts. The views expressed herein are not necessarily the views of the Commonwealth or NCCARF, and neither the Commonwealth nor NCCARF accept responsibility for information or advice contained herein.

The study aims to investigate the adaptation of Turkish version of Oxford COVID-19 Confidence and Complacency Scale that determine the COVID-19 vaccine trust and compliance, and the psychometric properties. The sample of the study conducted in methodological type included 554 individuals. The data were collected "Socio-Demographic Information Form" and "Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence & Complacency Scale". Collaborative translation and back translation techniques were used for Turkish language adaptation of the scale, and the expert opinion method was used for content validity. For reliability calculation, Cronbach Alpha values and split-half testing consistency were used, and for construct validity, Explanatory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were performed. Results: As a result of EFA and CFA, the scale consisted of onedimensions and 12 items in Turkish culture. The factor loads of the items in the scale vary between .37 and .73, respectively. The Cronbach Alpha values of the scale are .84. The emerging structure can explain 38.7% of confidence and complacency for the COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: Based on the results, it was concluded that the Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Confidence & Complacency Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool for the Turkish sample. It is recommended that the scale be used in determining the attitudes of the society towards COVID-19 vaccines in our country.

The government, health workers and the public are very focused on controlling Covid 19, this reduces efforts to control DHF so that during the Covid 19 pandemic, dengue cases increase. This study is aimed to know the community awareness of dengue control during the Covid 19 pandemic. A quantitative method with a survey design was used in this study. The sampling technique was accidental sampling with 215 samples throughout Indonesia. Data collection was carried out online using Google Forms from May to June 2021. The results showed that the relationship between gender and all variables of public awareness of DHF control did not have a significant relationship, and the majority of the community were willing to be involved in all efforts to control DHF. There was a significant relationship between education level and willingness to drain clean water reservoirs at home (p value = 0.005) and disease control priority (p value= 0.002). There was a significant relationship between type of ...

Latar Belakang: Keberadaan sampah hingga saat ini masih dianggap sebagai sesuatu yang tidak bermanfaat bahkan merugikan masyarakat. Bau tidak sedap yang ditimbulkannya membuat orang akan menjauhi dan tidak mau menangani. Keberadaannya akan menjadi masalah pelik dan mengancam kehidupan manusia, padahal manusia jugalah yang memproduksinya bahkan dengan berjalannya waktu dan seiring gaya hidup yang konsumtif semakin menambah banyak sampah yang dihasilkan. Jumlah sampah yang semakin meningkat karena adanya aktivitas manusia yang semakin konsumtif perlu ada penanganan untuk mengurangi tumpukan sampah. Sampah erat kaitannya dengan kesehatan masyarakat, karena dari sampah tersebut akan hidup beberapa mikroorganisme penyebab penyakit (bakteri pathogen), dan juga serangga sebagai pemindah/penyebar penyakit (vektor). Oleh sebab itu, sampah harus dikelola dengan baik agar tidak mengganggu atau mengancam kesehatan masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dan si...

This study aims to identify the effect of family empowerment intervention on the self-care of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The research method used was quantitative with a Quasy Experimental Non-Equivalent Control Group Pretest-Postest Design. Respondents in this study were patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus totaling 70 respondents. Data were collected using the Summary of Diabetes Self Care Activities (SDSCA) questionnaire consisting of 14 question items. Data were analyzed using parametric tests (paired t-test and t-test for independent groups). The results of this study indicate a difference between the mean value of self-care in the intervention group and the control group after being given treatment with a p-value of 0.001 (t = -19,027; p-value = 0.001). In conclusion, family empowerment intervention affects self-care in DMT2 patients. Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Family Empowerment, Self Care

First aid is an immediate and temporary care given to a victim of an accident or sudden illness before the services of a physician is obtained. The first hour after injury is critical to both survival and injury outcome of the injured. Many of emergency patients die before they reach a hospital. Even the world's best doctor cannot treat a patient who was "too late" to arrive at the hospital. Thus, our study was to assess knowledge about first aid measures to skin injuries among students residing youth dorms, Suez Canal University. Aim: To prevent consequences of skin injuries through assessing the knowledge of first aid measures of skin injuries Methodology: Cross- sectional study conducted in Ismailia governorate, among students residing university dorms representing sample of Suez Canal University student. the study assessed the students’ knowledge about first aid measures to be done for different skin injuries” burns ,wounds , bleeding and bruises through self-admin...

The activities in hospital produce many kinds of medical waste. If medical waste is not managed well, it can cause a bad impact for health and environmental. Good knowledge, attitudes and practices for nurses and cleaning services as well as adequate facilities are required in the management of hospital medical waste. Hospitalization is the unit that contributes the most medical waste compared other units. The purpose of this research is to know the assosiation of knowledge level, attitude and availability of facility with practice of nurses and cleaning services hospitalization unit in medical waste management RS X Kudus. This research is a quantitative research with cross-sectional approach. The population in this study is 52 nurses and 12 cleaning services in RS X Kudus. The sample in this study consisted of 35 nurses counted using Slovin formula and cleaning services as much as 12 people. Data collection using questionnaires. Data analysis using Chi-Square test. The results show...

An orientation to promote good (i.e., a disposition to take actions that contribute to the good of oneself and others) has been associated with better health and well-being outcomes. However, less is known about how orientation to promote good differs across countries and across sociodemographic groups within different countries. Using a sample of 202,898 adults from 22 diverse countries, this study examined the distribution of orientation to promote good across key sociodemographic groups within each country separately, and cross-nationally by pooling estimates across countries. Our results suggest that population mean levels of promoting good vary substantially across countries. In the pooled results, the means of promoting good also vary across most of the sociodemographic factors that we examined. Specifically, individuals who are older, female, married, employed or retired, highly educated, attending religious services frequently, and native-born reported higher means of promoting good than those in other demographic groups. In country-specific analyses, the sociodemographic variation in promoting good also differs across countries, indicating diverse societal influences. This study provides novel insights into the social distribution of orientation to promote good, which paves the way for future investigations into sociocultural influences that may shape individuals' expression of character across different national contexts.

This study was designed to investigate the influence of gender, parenting style and peer pressure on the adolescents conflicts with parents in Ebonyi State. It is a descriptive survey guided by four research questions and four hypotheses all derived from the purpose of the study. The population of the study consists of all the Senior Secondary School SS2 adolescent students from all the 221 Secondary Schools in Ebonyi State. Using stratified sampling technique, nine (9) schools weredrawn from the entire population, three from each of the Education Zone. From this a sample of 200 students were purposively selected for the study; out of which 109 (54.5%) adolescent males and 91 (45.5%) adolescent female. Researcher developed instrument titled adolescent conflicts with parents Questionnaire was used for data collection after its validation. Reliability coefficient of 0.62 was determined using Pearson product correlation formulae. Data was analyzed using mean and t-test for testing hypo...

Background: Designing comprehensive nutrition education programs requires understanding nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices (NKABP) of people. Globally, previous studies primarily focused on NKABP of children, adolescents, and adults. There are differences in living standards, dietary practices, and prevalence of diseases between rural and urban areas. Therefore, understanding the differences in NKABP between these communities is important. Objective: To understand the differences and correlations between NKABP among adults in urban and rural settings. Study Design, Setting, Participants: Assuring Health for All in the Free-State is a cross-sectional study to determine how living in urban and rural areas predisposes population to chronic diseases. It was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Free State. The rural and urban parts of the study were conducted in 2007 and 2009, respectively. Participants were adults aged 25-64 years. Measurable Outcome/Analysis: The outcomes are NKABP, measured by a reliable questionnaire. Shapiro-Wilk test was used for normality testing. Due to non-normal distribution, Mann-Whitney tests were performed to compare continuous data. Spearman correlation analyzed the associations between NKABP domains. Results: The sample included 363 (42.91%) urban and 483 (57.09%) rural adults, predominantly females (78.17%). The preliminary analysis shows adults in rural areas have significantly higher nutrition knowledge (9 § 2 vs. 8 § 2, P <0.001), attitudes (7 § 1 vs. 5 § 1, P <0.001), and beliefs (5 § 0 vs. 4 § 1, P <0.001) compared to those in urban areas. There were significant positive correlations in both urban and rural areas between knowledge and attitudes [r = 0.11(P = 0.03); r = 0.272(P <0.001)] knowledge and beliefs [r = 0.128(P = 0.01); r =0.2(P <0.001)], and attitudes and beliefs [r = 0.199(P <0.001); r = 0.401(P <0.001)]. However, associations between knowledge and practices [r = 0.122(P = 0.007)], and beliefs and practices [r = 0.113 (P = 0.01)] were significant in rural areas and association between attitudes and practices [r = 0.122(P = 0.02)] was significant in urban areas. Conclusions: Adults in rural areas have better NKAB, and their knowledge and beliefs were correlated with practices. Future nutrition education interventions are required to increase NKAB and translating them into practices, especially among adults in urban areas in the Free State province.

This study investigated the relationship between lay theories of cigarette smoking and expectations to smoke. An incremental lay theory of smoking entails the belief that smoking behavior can change; an entity theory entails the belief that smoking behavior cannot change. Undergraduate nonsmokers and smokers completed a survey that assessed lay theories of smoking and smoking expectations. Results demonstrated that lay theories of smoking were differentially associated with smoking expectations for nonsmokers and smokers: stronger incremental beliefs were associated with greater expectations of trying smoking for nonsmokers but lower expectations of becoming a regular smoker for smokers. Implications for interventions are discussed.

Background: Addressing alcohol harm in prisons can potentially reduce the risk of re-offending, and costs to society, whilst tackling health inequalities. Health savings of £4.3 m and crime savings of £100 m per year can be a result of appropriate alcohol interventions. Prison therefore offers an opportunity for the identification, response and/or referral to treatment for those male remand prisoners who are consuming alcohol above recommended levels. There is however, limited evidence for the effectiveness, optimum timing of delivery, recommended length, content, implementation and economic benefit of Alcohol Brief Interventions (ABI) in the prison setting for male remand prisoners. As part of the PRISM-A study, we aimed to explore the 'elements' of an acceptable ABI for delivery, experiences of engagement with services/health professionals about alcohol use, alongside barriers and facilitators to implementation within the prison setting for male remand prisoners. Materials and methods: Twenty-four in-depth interviews were conducted with adult male remand prisoners at one Scottish prison (n = 12) and one English prison (n = 12). A focus group at each of the prison sites was held with key stakeholders (e.g. prison nurses, prison officers, voluntary alcohol/addiction services, health service managers and commissioners). Thematic analysis techniques utilizing NViVo 10 were employed. Results: A thematic content analysis of the interviews consistently highlighted that the majority of prisoners reflected about the connection between alcohol consumption and criminal offending, particularly in relation to offenses involving physical assaults. They also expressed motivation to change their alcohol consumption. Both prisoner interviews and focus groups with stakeholders (N = 2), indicated the value of continuous follow-up support outside of the prison system and also the need to address the lack of stable social environments, which is often associated with alcohol and drug consumption. Stakeholders further identified organizational barriers to the delivery of ABI, such as limited funding and manageable workloads. The importance of interpersonal trust indicated that intervention delivery by external organizations and nurses were favored in comparison to intervention delivery by prison staff and peer-prisoners.

The responses to the Japanese edition of the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS) (Form C) were analyzed in 1682 male employees of a Japanese enterprise to investigate the characteristics of the Type A behavior pattern (TABP) in Japan. When the occupational level was controlled, the mean values of the Type A score were found to be quite similar to those of the Western Collaborative Group Study (WCGS), although those o f factor H scores were considerably lower than those of the WCGS. Additionally, the results of a factor analysis conducted on the responses to JAS questions showed that the factor structure of the responses was basically equal to that found in the WCGS. In contrast to factor J of the WCGS, however, Japanese factor J did not comprise the items which signaled rises in positions or incomes in recent years. The results of this study indicate that the JAS is able to measure the TABP in Japan, at least concerning its three component factors. Furthermore, they suggest that the TABP is not necessarily reinforced in Japanese occupational environments.

The present natural history study examined the course of CFS from 1995-1997 (Wave 1) to approximately ten years later (Wave 2) from a random, community-based, multi-ethnic population.. The rate of CFS remained approximately the same over the period of time from Wave 1 to Wave 2, although a high level of mortality was found (18% of those with medical or psychiatric exclusions group, 12.5% for the CFS group). Physical measures of disability and fatigue, along with measures of specific somatic symptoms, better differentiate individuals who later are diagnosed with CFS than more psychosocial measures such as stress and coping. Chronic fatigue syndrome; natural history; epidemiology; risk factors Despite growing knowledge about long-term predictors of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) outcomes, many follow-up studies are not prospective in that they either rely on retrospective self-report at a single point in time or they consist of longitudinal data that are analyzed in a cross-sectional manner without taking into account the influence of baseline findings. Moreover, many CFS follow-up studies employ medical care samples instead of random community samples of socioeconomically and ethnically diverse populations (Hill,

The article substantiates the need of takinginto considerationthe psychosocial factors during the process developing criteria, in diagnosing the neurotic and psychosomatic disorders, as well as the peculiarities of diagnosing the state of combat stress reaction among servicemen as an independent social group. Particularly, among servicemen participating in the anti-terrorist operation in Ukraine

Cette recherche est subventionnée par le Pôle Européen de Santé Traffic accident may be associated with socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle, and health-related factors. This study assessed its association with gender, age, education, living alone, socioeconomic position, income, poor health, obesity, smoking, alcohol abuse, fatigue/sleep disorders, and physical, sensorial and cognitive disabilities. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 6,198 people, aged 15 years or over, randomly selected in north-eastern France. They completed a post-mailed questionnaire that covered: • Socio-economic characteristics: gender, age, education, living alone, socioeconomic position, income, • lifestyle: obesity, smoking, alcohol abuse, • health status, fatigue and sleep disorders during the previous 8 days • physical disability for daily living activities (a 20-item scale), sensorial (seeing and hearing) disability, and cognitive disabilities (problems with concentration, attention, orientation, problem-solving, and memory). Any traffic accidents during the previous 2 years Data were analyzed using adjusted odds ratios computed with logistic regression models. Traffic accident is associated with younger age, living alone, poor heath and physical disability. Preventive measures to reduce traffic accidents should aim at improving health and lifestyle and increase awareness of risk, particularly among people who smoke, are on a low income, or suffer from fatigue, sleep disorders, or physical or cognitive disabilities. Factors associated with traffic accident. Factors associated with traffic accident.

Research question Multiple deprivation (D) affects many people and is associated with deteriorated living conditions, lifestyle, and health status. Most studies have been conducted using neighbourhood deprivation index (Messer et al., 2006) while deprivation can concern individuals in various geographical areas. To our knowledge the prevalence of deprivation and its consequences on various diseases and disabilities have been little documented, especially in France. The present study assessed the relationships of multiple deprivation with cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, physical disabilities, vision-hearing disabilities, and cognitive disabilities

How can we create individual and social change that matters to clients, patients and clinicians? It will be argued that working in partnership with clients within multidisciplinary teams is foundational. The importance of (i) conceptualising social processes, (ii) intervention mapping, (iii) use of multiple change techniques, (iv) representative samples, (v) piloting, (vi) designing trials to scale, (vii) conducting process, as well as outcome, evaluations and (viii) creating accessible materials will be emphasised as key elements of research likely to change health and health care practice. The thesis of this talk is that pathways to research impact depend on co-creation combined with methodologically-rigorous trials which examine mechanism. The talk will integrate conceptual frameworks, draw upon a report on ''Behaviour Change'' produced by the UK House of Lords and illustrate research practice using ongoing work at ''PenCLAHRC '' and Exeter Medical School.

This pilot study examined changes in cancer-related post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) across time for siblings of children with cancer. Siblings (N = 32; aged 8-18) completed a measure of anxiety, the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS), and the PTSD section of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR (SCID) at twelve (SD = .9) and eighteen months (SD = 1.3) post-diagnosis. Moderate-to-severe PTSS was reported by 12 siblings (38%) at T1 and 7 (22%) at T2. Cluster analysis of PTSS data revealed five patterns: Few symptoms, stable across time (31%, n = 10); Mild symptoms, decreasing across time (16%, n = 5); Mild, stable symptoms (28%, n = 9); Moderate/severe symptoms, decreasing across time but remaining moderate (19%, n = 6); and Moderate/severe, stable symptoms (6%, n = 2). SCID data and anxiety scores distinguished siblings in the final two clusters from those with more favorable PTSS levels/trajectories. Additional research with larger samples is needed to validate these trajectories and examine factors that distinguish siblings with consistently elevated cancer-related PTSS from those with mild or significantly improving symptoms. Approximately 1 in every 285 children in the United States receives a diagnosis of cancer prior to age 20 (Ward, DeSantis, Robbins, Kohler, & Jamal, 2014). Treatment is typically intense, invasive, and painful causing dramatic physical changes (e.g., weight and hair loss, fatigue, weakness) in the child with cancer. Family members may fear that the child will die and meeting treatment demands may require significant changes in regard to family roles and routines . These experiences extend to every member of the family, supporting the importance of studying the impact of childhood cancer on healthy siblings within these families . Siblings of children with cancer experience a range of negative emotions, decrements in quality of life, and some

The relationship between forgiveness and depression delves into the significant role of forgiveness in alleviating depressive symptoms. In this study a literature review spanning a decade of studies highlights the negative correlations between forgiveness and depression, establishing key propositions that suggest that unforgiveness is linked to poor mental health, while forgiveness acts as a beneficial coping strategy. The results reveal that engaging in forgiveness significantly diminishes depressive symptoms, enhances emotional well-being, strengthens interpersonal relationships, and lowers anxiety levels, contributing to an overall improved mental health. By emphasizing the transformative power of forgiveness, this research highlights its potential as a crucial therapeutic tool for enhancing resilience, emotional health, and ultimately leading to a more positive and fulfilling life experience.

The translation of basic behavioral science discoveries into practical strategies represents a promising approach to developing more effective preventive interventions to improve health. Since translational research inevitably involves making use of diverse perspectives from multiple disciplines, it is best conducted as a transdisciplinary enterprise. In this paper, we discuss current strategies used by NIH to support transdisciplinary translational behavioral (TDTB) research, summarize successful efforts, and highlight challenges encountered in conducting such work (ranging from conceptual to organizational to methodological). Using examples from NIH-funded projects we illustrate the potential benefits of, and barriers to, pursuing this type of research and discuss next steps and potential future directions for NIH-supported TDTB research.

О.М. Бабенко Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А.С. Макаренка СТВОРЕННЯ ТА ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ МІЖПРЕДМЕТНИХ КУРСІВ ЗА ВИБОРОМ У СТАРШІЙ ШКОЛІ У статті розглянуто особливості розробки та застосування в навчальному процесі старшої профільної школи курсів за вибором. Головна увага приділена міжпредметним курсам, метою яких є інтеграція знань учнів з навчальних предметів, що вивчаються ними на профільному рівні. Визначено основні вимоги до таких курсів, спрямовані на активізацію самостійної діяльності учнів. Постановка проблеми. У сучасній освіті гостро стоїть проблема формування в учнів дієвих знань, що є необхідною умовою їх функціональності та можливості бути застосованими не лише на уроках, але і в повсякденному житті. Важливою умовою формування системних і дієвих знань учнів є широке впровадження міжпредметних зв'язків у навчанні, зокрема при вивченні природничих наук. Предметом дослідження кожної з них (хімії, біології, фізики, географії) є одна зі сторін природи, проте між ними немає ані чіткого розмежування ані протиріч. Тому послідовне та систематичне здійснення міжпредметних зв'язків значно посилює ефективність навчально-виховного процесу, формує науковий спосіб мислення учнів, сприяє розвитку в учнів інтересу до навчання взагалі та до змісту матеріалу природничих наук зокрема. Переважна більшість вчителів визнає важливість забезпечення міжпредметних зв'язків у навчанні. Проте на практиці це обмежується лише нагадуванням деяких фактів, явищ або закономірностей з суміжних предметів, частковим введенням до змісту уроків міжпредметного навчального матеріалу та фрагментарним включенням школярів у самостійну роботу з застосування міжпредметних знань і умінь. Все вищесказане приводить до неспроможності школярів здійснювати перенос і синтез знань з суміжних предметів, нерозуміння цілісності живої природи, відсутності свідомого засвоєння знань. На нашу думку, позбавитися названих недоліків предметного навчання у старших класах можна шляхом включення до навчального плану міжпредметних курсів за вибором (факультативів, спецкурсів, спецсемінарів тощо). Названі види занять складають варіативну частину змісту загальної середньої освіти, що формується загальноосвітнім навчальним закладом з урахуванням особливостей регіону, типу закладу, інтересів і запитів учнів. Аналіз актуальних досліджень. Як відомо, варіативна частина Базового навчального плану передбачає навчальні години для реалізації шкільного освітнього компонента, який формується кожною школою окремо, самостійно на основі врахування спрямованості пізнавальних інтересів, освітніх запитів, життєвих планів, індивідуальних особливостей

In this article, we describe the statistical and design methodology of the demographic variation analyses used as part of a coordinated set of manuscripts for wave 1 of the Global Flourishing Study (GFS). Aspects covered include the following: childhood predictors regression analyses, accounting for the complex sampling design, missing data and imputation, sensitivity analysis for unmeasured confounding and meta-analysis. We provide a brief illustrative example of the childhood predictor analyses using the sense of mastery construct indicator from the GFS survey and conclude by outlining some strengths and limitations of the methodology employed.

Risk-level drinking, drinking and driving, and alcohol-related violence are risk factors that result in injuries. The current study sought to identify which subgroups of patients experience the most behavioral change following a brief intervention. A secondary analysis of data from a brief alcohol intervention study was conducted. The sample (N=664) includes at-risk drinkers who experienced an injury and were admitted for care to a Level-1 trauma center. Injury-related items from the Short Inventory of Problems+6 were used to perform a latent transition analysis to describe class transitions participants experienced following discharge. Four classes emerged for the year before and after the current injury. Most individuals transitioned from higher risk classes into those with lower risk. Some participants maintained risky profiles, and others increased risks and consequences. Drinking and driving remained a persistent problem among study participants. Although a large portion of intervention recipients improved risks and consequences of alcohol use following discharge, more intensive intervention services may be needed for a subset of patients who showed little or no improvement.

We characterized the potential benefits and risks of participating in a microenterprise program targeting low-income women living with HIV (WLWH) in Alabama; and described potential mechanisms through which microenterprise programs could influence sexual risk behaviors and engagement in HIV care. Fourteen stakeholders and 46 WLWH (89% African American) participated in the qualitative study. Data were collected using in-depth interviews (stakeholders) and focus group discussions (WLWH). NVivo qualitative software was used for the management and analysis of the data. The data revealed four main mechanisms through which microenterprise programs could potentially improve health outcomes: (1) social support and encouragement from other women, (2) improvement in self-esteem, (3) creating structure in the women's lives, and (4) financial strengthening. Potential risks included unwanted disclosure of HV status, stigma and loss of insurance benefits. Microenterprise programs have the potential to be acceptable and may contribute to improved health and social outcomes among low-income WLWH in Alabama.

We characterized the potential benefits and risks of participating in a microenterprise program targeting low-income women living with HIV (WLWH) in Alabama; and described potential mechanisms through which microenterprise programs could influence sexual risk behaviors and engagement in HIV care. Fourteen stakeholders and 46 WLWH (89% African American) participated in the qualitative study. Data were collected using in-depth interviews (stakeholders) and focus group discussions (WLWH). NVivo qualitative software was used for the management and analysis of the data. The data revealed four main mechanisms through which microenterprise programs could potentially improve health outcomes: (1) social support and encouragement from other women, (2) improvement in self-esteem, (3) creating structure in the women's lives, and (4) financial strengthening. Potential risks included unwanted disclosure of HV status, stigma and loss of insurance benefits. Microenterprise programs have the potential to be acceptable and may contribute to improved health and social outcomes among low-income WLWH in Alabama.

We followed adolescents and adults living with HIV aged older than 15 years who enrolled in a South African private-sector HIV programme to examine adherence and viral non-suppression (viral load &gt; 400 copies/mL) of participants with (20,743, 38%) and without (33,635, 62%) mental health diagnoses. Mental health diagnoses were associated with unfavourable adherence patterns. The risk of viral non-suppression was higher among patients with organic mental disorders [adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–1.96], substance use disorders (aRR 1.53, 95% CI 1.19–1.97), serious mental disorders (aRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09–1.54), and depression (aRR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10–1.28) when compared with patients without mental health diagnoses. The risk of viral non-suppression was also higher among males, adolescents (15–19 years), and young adults (20–24 years). Our study highlights the need for psychosocial interventions to improve HIV treatment outcomes—particularly of adoles...

Objective: To examine how risk-related decision making might be associated with habitual sleep variables, including sleep variability, sleep duration and perceived sleep need in young adults cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Design: 166 participants completed a 7-day protocol with sleep and risk-related decision-making measures at baseline (T1) and 12 months later (T2). Results: Habitual short sleep duration (averaging < 6 h nightly) was identified in 11.0% in our sample. After controlling for baseline demographic factors and risk-taking measures, self-reported sleep need at T1 interacted with habitual short sleep in predicting risk taking at follow-up (F 8,139 ¼9.575, adjusted R 2 =.431, p<.001). T1 greater perceived sleep need predicted more risk taking among short sleepers, but decreased risk taking among normal sleepers at T2. Variable sleep timing was cross-sectionally correlated with making more Risky choices at baseline and fewer Safe choices after loss at follow up. Conclusions: Young adults with variable sleep timing and those with short sleep duration coupled with high perceived sleep need were more likely to take risks. The moderating effects of perceived sleep need suggest that individual differences may alter the impact of sleep loss and hence should be measured and accounted for in future studies.

This article presents conceptual and empirical analyses of several of the ''best practices'' of learning and instruction, and demonstrates how violent video games use them effectively to motivate learners to persevere in acquiring and mastering a number of skills, to navigate through complex problems and changing environments, and to experiment with different identities until success is achieved. These educational principles allow for the generation of several testable hypotheses, two of which are tested with samples of 430 elementary school children (mean age 10 years), 607 young adolescents (mean age 14 years), and 1,441 older adolescents (mean age 19 years). Participants were surveyed about their video game habits and their aggressive cognitions and behaviors. The first hypothesis is based on the principle that curricula that teach the same underlying concepts across contexts should have the highest transfer. Therefore, students who play multiple violent video games should be more likely to learn aggressive cognitions and behaviors than those who play fewer. The second hypothesis is based on the principle that long-term learning is improved the more practice is distributed across time. Therefore, students who play violent video games more frequently across time should be more likely to learn aggressive cognitions and behaviors than those who play the same types of games for equivalent amounts of time but less frequently. Both hypotheses were supported. We conclude by describing what educators can learn from the successful instructional and curriculum design features of video games.

Beneath the visible toll of the COVID-19 pandemic lies a more insidious affliction-one that leaves no physical scars, yet disrupts identity, erodes memory, and reshapes the fabric of daily life. This paper traces a phenomenon increasingly recognized but still poorly understood: the cognitive aftermath of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Drawing from interdisciplinary research and diverse clinical observations, it explores a condition that touches the neurological, psychological, and social dimensions of human functioning. What happens when the mind-our most intimate instrument of experience-becomes altered, fragmented, or slowed in the wake of viral recovery? And how do systems built for acute crises respond to a lingering, invisible epidemic of dysfunction? This work does not offer easy answers. Instead, it maps the contours of a shifting terrain, revealing the tensions between science and care, between diagnosis and disparity, between healing and what it means to be human in a changed world. For those seeking to understand Long COVID beyond the headlines-this is the opening to a deeper conversation.

Little is known about how engagement with healthcare providers mediates the relationship between psychosocial factors (anxiety, depression, stigma) and medication adherence among persons living with HIV (PLWH). Moreover, little research has investigated potential biological sex differences in this relationship. We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected from four projects (N = 281) focused on improving health outcomes in PLWH. Males displayed (a) negative association between depression and engagement with healthcare providers (β = -0.02, z = -3.20, p = 0.001) and (b) positive association between engagement with healthcare providers and medication adherence (β = 0.55, OR = 1.73, z = 2.62, p = 0.009). Females showed no association between any of these factors. Anxiety and stigma were not significantly associated with medication adherence. Path analysis modeling for males had a very good fit (CFI = 1, TLI = 1, RMSEA = 0); none of the regression coefficients was significant for females. The significant relationship between depression and medication adherence among males was fully mediated by engagement with healthcare providers. Findings suggest that adherence interventions for PLWH should be tailored by biological sex. Poco se sabe cómo la interacción con proveedores médicos funciona en la relación entre factores psicosociales (ansiedad, depresión, estigma) y adherencia a medicamentos en personas viviendo con VIH (PVV). Además, pocos estudios han investigado posibles diferencias en el sexo biológico en estas relacione. Dirigimos un análisis secundario de cuatro proyectos (N = 281) enfocados en PVV. Hombres demostraron (a) una asociación negativa entre depresión e interacción con proveedores médicos (β = -0.02, z = -3.20, p = 0.001) y (b) una asociación positive entre interacción con proveedores médicos y adherencia a medicamentos (β = 0.55, OR = 1.73, z = 2.62, p = 0.009). Mujeres no demostraron asociación entre estos factores. Ansiedad y estigma no fueron asociados significativamente con la adherencia a medicamentos. El modelo de análisis del camino para hombres tuvo un muy ajuste (CFI = 1, TLI = 1, RMSEA = 0); ninguna de los coeficientes de regresión fue significativa para mujeres. La relación significativa entre depresión y adherencia a medicamentos para hombres fue completamente mediada por la interacción con proveedores médicos. Las recomendaciones sugieren que las intervenciones de adherencia para PVV deberían ser ajustado por sexo biológico. Palabras claves interacción entre paciente y proveedor • diferencias de sexo • adherencia a medicamento • depresión • VIH/ SIDA * Dawon Baik

This experiment compared the effectiveness of an unlocked, mental health consumer-managed, crisis residential program (CRP) to a locked, inpatient psychiatric facility (LIPF) for adults civilly committed for severe psychiatric problems. Following screening and informed consent, participants (n=393) were randomized to the CRP or the LIPF and interviewed at baseline and at 30-day, 6-month, and 1-year post admission. Outcomes were costs, level of functioning, psychiatric symptoms, selfesteem, enrichment, and service satisfaction. Treatment outcomes were compared using hierarchical linear models. Participants in the CRP experienced significantly greater improvement on interviewerrated and self-reported psychopathology than did participants in the LIPF condition; service satisfaction was dramatically higher in the CRP condition. CRP-style facilities are a viable alternative to psychiatric hospitalization for many individuals facing civil commitment. Serious mental illness; consumer-managed services; recovery; mutual help; randomized trial Consumer-managed programs have a long history in the psychiatric services field, beginning around the middle of the 20 th century with organizations such as Recovery Incorporated and Fountain House . In more recent decades, such programs have received increased visibility and support through the efforts of governmental (e.g., The Community Support Program of the Center for Mental Health Services) and community-based organizations (e.g., The National Empowerment Center). In the U.S. today, mental health consumers operate or play a major role in a wide range of programs including self-help groups, drop-in centers, clubhouses, independent living centers, advocacy organizations, case management services, employment agencies, supported housing, and information and referral lines (

Аннотация. В данной статье приведены результаты исследования, нацеленного на выявление особенностей эмоционального интеллекта и субъективного благополучия российских и китайских студентов. Актуальность темы исследования заключается, во-первых, в фундаментальной задаче психологии, изучении характера стремления человека к достижению внутренней гармонии и эффективному взаимодействию в социуме, что приобретает еще большую значимость в современном мультикультурном мире. Во-вторых, -в прикладной задаче психологической науки, которая обусловлена высокой динамикой российско-китайских отношений, в частности, -студенческой мобильностью, что влечет за собой необходимость в грамотном психологическом сопровождении иностранных студентов в вузах. Авторами теоретически обоснована и эмпирически подтверждена гипотеза о том, что показатели эмоционального интеллекта и субъективного благополучия российских и китайских студентов различаются. Эмпирическая проверка гипотезы проведена на российских и китайских студентках Российского университета дружбы народов. В проведённом исследовании были использованы методы: а) психодиагностической оценки эмоционального интеллекта и субъективного (психологического) благополучия; б) сравнительного (U-критерий Манна-Уитни) и факторного анализа с вращением Varimax в SPSS Statistics 20.0. В результате проведенного исследования между российскими и китайскими студентами были выявлены статистически значимые различия по ряду показателей эмоционального интеллекта и субъективного благополучия. Результаты данного исследования могут быть использованы при работе с учащимися высших учебных заведениях для более эффективной организации психолого-педагогического сопровождения студентов в процессе обучения, а также в консультационной практике при работе с учащимися разных национальностей. Ключевые слова: эмоциональный интеллект, субъективное благополучие, психологическое благополучие, российские студенты, китайские студенты.