Human Geography

In 1967 Acta Politica was launched by the Dutch Political Science Association (NKWP) as a journal by, and mainly for, Dutch political scientists. Although it regularly contained articles in English, it remained primarily oriented toward academics in political science in the Netherlands. It gained recognition abroad as a journal to refer to for Dutch politics. In 1997, the Dutch Political Science Association made the decision to publish the journal entirely in the English language, vastly increasing its visibility and accessibility outside the Netherlands and Belgium. This decision did not go uncontested and met considerable scepticism. Admittedly, at first this change of policy rather signified that mainly Dutch authors published their research in English. Manuscripts were more often than not reviewed by their colleagues at another Dutch university, and merely read by a Dutch audience. Since 2003, the international publishing house, Palgrave Macmillan, has published the journal. This step not only marked a continuation of the internationally oriented policy, but also has had a substantial effect on improving the overall quality of Acta Politica's appearance and circulation. Finally, in 2003 the editorship was extended with a Belgian colleague -Marc Hooghe -and the double-blind reviewing process was intensified. At the same time, an international advisory board was recruited, consisting of respected academics from various European and North American universities and all fields of political science. The editors, the publisher and the editorial board are proud to announce that the policy to internationalize the journal has actually paid off: as this 2006 volume, Acta Politica will be indexed by the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). As is well known, the Institute for Scientific Information is quite selective in its decision-making process with respect to the inclusion of journals. In fact, worldwide only 79 political science journals are presently included in the SSCI. We therefore feel particularly honoured to be included in this index, and we see it as a sign of appreciation, not only of the editors, but in particular for the quality of the work of our authors, and of our predecessors as editors of this journal. The inclusion of Acta Politica in the SSCI signifies therefore not only the apparent quality per se, but is also -in our view -a recognition of the policy of internationalization pursued by the Dutch Political Science Association. It

Pelbagai usaha melibatkan inovasi dan teknologi berkaitan teknik penanaman dan pengeluaran hasil telah diberi penekanan oleh organisasi yang terlibat dalam penanaman kelapa sawit. Usaha ini bertujuan untuk menjamin kesejahteraan pekebun kecil sawit antaranya melalui interaksi dan pendedahan terhadap kaedah penanaman serta aktiviti hiliran. Oleh itu, kajian dilakukan untuk mengenalpasti tindakbalas pekebun kecil sawit terhadap pelbagai inovasi dan teknologi yang diperkenalkan oleh agensi terbabit. Hal ini perlu diberi penekanan kerana maklumat daripada pihak agensi berkaitan menjelaskan bahawa produktiviti per hektar di kawasan kajian tidak mencapai sasaran pengeluaran yang ditetapkan oleh pihak agensi. Seramai 300 orang pekebun kecil sawit di daerah Lahad Datu, Semporna dan Tawau di Sabah telah ditemubual dengan menggunakan soal selidik. Hasil kajian dianalisis secara diskriptif bagi memahami kekangan pekebun kecil sawit terhadap penggunaan inovasi dan teknologi dalam penanaman kelapa sawit di kawasan kajian. Dapatan kajian mendapati majoriti pekebun kecil menjelaskan bahawa kekangan penggunaan inovasi dan teknologi berpunca daripada faktor pemilikan tanah, masalah akses kepada kredit, akses kepada pasaran output dan input serta kekangan terhadap sumber dan bukan sumber. Kekangan tersebut telah mewujudkan jurang interaksi antara organisasi dengan pekebun kecil sawit. Jurang berkenaan telah mendorong mereka untuk terus bergantung kepada orang tengah. Oleh itu, pihak agensi dan pekebun kecil sawit perlu bekerjasama untuk menambahbaik jurang dengan memberi penekanan terhadap program inovasi dan teknologi dalam institusi pekebun kecil.

Pelbagai usaha melibatkan inovasi dan teknologi berkaitan teknik penanaman dan pengeluaran hasil telah diberi penekanan oleh organisasi yang terlibat dalam penanaman kelapa sawit. Usaha ini bertujuan untuk menjamin kesejahteraan pekebun kecil sawit antaranya melalui interaksi dan pendedahan terhadap kaedah penanaman serta aktiviti hiliran. Oleh itu, kajian dilakukan untuk mengenalpasti tindakbalas pekebun kecil sawit terhadap pelbagai inovasi dan teknologi yang diperkenalkan oleh agensi terbabit. Hal ini perlu diberi penekanan kerana maklumat daripada pihak agensi berkaitan menjelaskan bahawa produktiviti per hektar di kawasan kajian tidak mencapai sasaran pengeluaran yang ditetapkan oleh pihak agensi. Seramai 300 orang pekebun kecil sawit di daerah Lahad Datu, Semporna dan Tawau di Sabah telah ditemubual dengan menggunakan soal selidik. Hasil kajian dianalisis secara diskriptif bagi memahami kekangan pekebun kecil sawit terhadap penggunaan inovasi dan teknologi dalam penanaman kelapa sawit di kawasan kajian. Dapatan kajian mendapati majoriti pekebun kecil menjelaskan bahawa kekangan penggunaan inovasi dan teknologi berpunca daripada faktor pemilikan tanah, masalah akses kepada kredit, akses kepada pasaran output dan input serta kekangan terhadap sumber dan bukan sumber. Kekangan tersebut telah mewujudkan jurang interaksi antara organisasi dengan pekebun kecil sawit. Jurang berkenaan telah mendorong mereka untuk terus bergantung kepada orang tengah. Oleh itu, pihak agensi dan pekebun kecil sawit perlu bekerjasama untuk menambahbaik jurang dengan memberi penekanan terhadap program inovasi dan teknologi dalam institusi pekebun kecil.

Qualitative research is an appropriate method for obtaining insight into situations and problems when a researcher has little knowledge concerning a research question. Applying to a cultural context of health and illness, this method is commonly used for providing in-depth description of cultural beliefs and local knowledge related to health issues, or for exploring the reasons for certain health seeking behaviours adopted by research informants. This study provides a pragmatic approach in examining the various stages of a qualitative data collection process pertaining to the aboriginal people or the Orang Asli of Malaysia. The research was conducted in three selected Orang Asli villages in the states of Selangor, Pahang and Perak of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 55 in-depth interviews were successfully recorded during the fieldwork duration of July 2013 to January 2015. Employing face-to-face in-depth interviews and non-participant observations, the research collected data with regard to health and health seeking behaviors of the Orang Asli. The primary data were used to illustrate how various qualitative data collection methods could be used to facilitate the data collection process. Several concepts employed in data collection such as theoretical sensitivity, triangulation and verification were also elaborated.

Populariti pengeluaran minyak sawit adalah sangat luar biasa. Sekitar 10 peratus daripada kegiatan pertanian dan perladangan dunia merupakan kawasan tanaman kelapa sawit global. Malah, 85% pengeluaran minyak sawit dihasilkan di Malaysia dan Indonesia. Minyak sawit juga telah meningkatkan pendapatan penduduk di kedua-dua buah negara, terutama kepada golongan petani. Namun, ada harga yang perlu dibayar akibat kegiatan pertanian kelapa sawit seperti kemusnahan alam sekitar, hak buruh dan hak asasi manusia yang seringkali diabaikan. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka kaedah pertanian sawit lestari yang dijalankan oleh pekebun kecil kelapa sawit Orang Asli. Kajian ini dijalankan di salah sebuah kampung Orang Asli yang terletak di bahagian Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malaysia iaitu Kampung Sungai Mai, Jerantut, Pahang. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif, lapan orang petani Orang Asli telah ditemu bual secara berkala melalui persampelan rawak mudah dan bola salji. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa petani Orang Asli mengusahakan pertanian mereka sebagai bentuk pemilikan tanah yang juga merupakan salah satu prasyarat MSPO. Pertanian keluarga merupakan langkah seterusnya untuk mewujudkan pertanian lestari selain menangani penebangan hutan melalui kegiatan penanaman kelapa sawit.

Perumahan yang sempurna ialah yang dapat memenuhi keperluan penghuni, memberi kesejahteraan kepada isi rumah dan seterusnya memacu kepada peningkatan kualiti hidup. Program Perumahan Rakyat (PPR) merupakan program pembangunan rumah untuk rakyat di kawasan bandar yang tidak mempunyai kediaman sendiri sama ada untuk disewa atau dimiliki mengikut kawasan. Program ini memberi manfaat kepada penghuni bandar untuk menjalani kehidupan yang selesa seterusnya dapat mencapai kesejahteraan hidup. Namun terdapat tiga isu sosioekonomi dalam pelaksanaan skim PPR ini iaitu perpaduan, sosial dan ekonomi. Justeru, tujuan penulisan artikel ini untuk membincangkan impak sosioekonomi dan politik terhadap Program Perumahan Rakyat (PPR) Lembah Subang, Selangor. Kajian ini menggunakan metodologi secara kuantitatif melalui penggunaan instrumen borang soal selidik bagi mengumpul data daripada responden. Seramai 360 orang responden terlibat dan rujukan terhadap data sekunder iaitu artikel jurnal, kertas pers...

Qualitative research is an appropriate method for obtaining insight into situations and problems when a researcher has little knowledge concerning a research question. Applying to a cultural context of health and illness, this method is commonly used for providing in-depth description of cultural beliefs and local knowledge related to health issues, or for exploring the reasons for certain health seeking behaviours adopted by research informants. This study provides a pragmatic approach in examining the various stages of a qualitative data collection process pertaining to the aboriginal people or the Orang Asli of Malaysia. The research was conducted in three selected Orang Asli villages in the states of Selangor, Pahang and Perak of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 55 in-depth interviews were successfully recorded during the fieldwork duration of July 2013 to January 2015. Employing face-to-face in-depth interviews and non-participant observations, the research collected data with r...

Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengetahui makna amalan rewang dalam masyarakat Jawa dan melihat unsur moden yang sedikit sebanyak telah mengubah cara perlaksanaan tradisi rewang ini. Selain itu, kajian ini juga melihat bagaimana pembahagian tugas dalam rewang serta mengetahui nilai rewang itu terhadap masyarakat Jawa. Kaedah kualitatif secara temubual mendalam dan pemerhatian tidak ikut serta digunakan untuk mendapat maklumat daripada lima orang Jawa yang terlibat dalam amalan rewang seperti tuan rumah, Ketua kampung, ketua masak dan penduduk kampung Lenga yang terlibat dalam aktiviti rewang. Analisis hasil kajian ini dibahagi kepada dua bahagian. Bahagian pertama mengenalpasti makna sebenar amalan rewang dalam masyarakat setempat seperti semangat melakukan kerja bergotong-royong, semangat kerjasama dan identiti masyarakat Jawa itu sendiri. Kemudian, penyerapan unsur moden dalam rewang mempengaruhi cara penyediaan makanan, masakan dan balai atau khemah khawin. Bahagian kedua analisis hasil kajian ini pula tertumpu kepada pembahagian tugas dalam warisan rewang. Tema yang dikaji termasuk aspek melancarkan aktiviti kenduri itu, membina solidariti dalam masyarakat dan menyatupadukan masyarakat yang saling bergantung antara satu sama lain. Di samping itu, antara nilai yang terdapat dalam amalan rewang ini adalah wujudnya nilai tidak mementingkan diri dalam masyarakat Jawa itu sendiri, hormat menghormati, saling muafakat dan wujud nilai perkongsian pengalaman dan emosi dalam masyarakat Jawa di Kampung Jawa, Lenga.

Masyarakat orang Asli merupakan masyarakat peribumi di Semenanjung Malaysia. Sehubungan itu, dalam menentukan indeks Kesejahteraan Hidup Malaysia, indeks kesejahteraan orang Asli perlu dikira bersama. Dalam usaha untuk mencapai kesejahteraan hidup masyarakat orang Asli, Rancangan Penempatan Semula (RPS) telah memindahkan mereka dari kawasan pendalaman ke kawasan pinggir bandar bermula pada Rancangan Malaysia Keempat (1980Keempat ( -1985)). Program ini telah menyusun dan membangunkan pembangunan sosial dan ekonomi di penempatan orang Asli. Penempatan semula orang Asli ini membawa perubahan dalam kehidupan mereka terutamanya aspek ekonomi, kesihatan dan pendidikan. Pembangunan sosioekonomi ini menyebabkan berlakunya kemusnahan sumber hutan yang sebelum ini menjadi kebergantungan hidup kepada komuniti orang Asli. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti perubahan sosial, ekonomi dan kesan RPS kepada komuniti orang Asli Jakun di RPS Runchang, Pekan, Pahang. Bagi mencapai tujuan tersebut, temu bual mendalam telah dilakukan terhadap 11 informan untuk mengetahui perubahan kehidupan yang dialami oleh penduduk di RPS Runchang. Analisis data kajian ini menunjukkan terdapat perubahan sosioekonomi dalam aspek ekonomi, kesihatan dan pendidikan setelah program penempatan semula dilaksanakan. Aspek kesihatan mengalami perubahan secara menyeluruh berbanding dengan aspek ekonomi dan pendidikan. Sehubungan itu, bersama-sama dengan aspek kesihatan, aspek sosioekonomi yang lain ini perlu diberikan perhatian dalam proses pembangunan orang Asli di negara ini bagi memastikan peningkatan dalam indeks Kesejahteraan Hidup masyarakat orang Asli dan indeks kesejahteraan hidup Malaysia umumnya.

It was moved, seconded and passed by unanimous voice vote to accept the April 28, 2009 minutes as presented and the May 19, 2009 correcting the date of the meeting on the minutes. ___________________________________________________________________________ Ms. Rousseau raised a question regarding the handling of minutes and a brief discussion followed between Ms. Rousseau and Chairman LeBlanc. Ms. Rousseau felt that they were the only ones who really knew what they said and they had no idea what an individual typed into the minutes. She felt a responsibility to the citizens of Portsmouth to make sure they get the most accurate minutes possible and that minutes should not be approved without the Board seeing the changes made. Chairman LeBlanc noted that the minutes had been approved as corrected and the corrections were made in accordance with the tape that was made of the meeting. The corrected minutes could be viewed in city hall or on line. He saw no reason to change the protocols that had been place for over 20 years ____________________________________________________________________________ B. Request for Extension -24 Central Avenue Mr. Grasso made a motion to grant an extension of the Special Exception through December 31, 2009, which was seconded by Mr. Parrott. Mr. Grasso stated that he remembered when the applicant had appeared and they had discussed that the initial timeframe would not be enough to complete the construction. He found this to be a reasonable request and Mr. Parrott concurred.

Composite indicators (CIs), in the social sciences, are used more and more for measuring very complex phenomena as the poverty, the progress and the well-being. Using an approach Model Based in to build CIs, instead of an approach Data Driven, it is possible to consider the role (formative and reflective) of the manifest variables (MVs) and to model the relationships among the CIs. In this article, we begin introducing structural equation modeling (SEM) as a tool for building Model Based CIs. Secondly, among the several methods developed to estimate SEM, we show Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM), due to the key role that estimation of the latent variables (i.e. the CIs) plays in the estimation process. Moreover, we present some recent developments in PLS-PM for the treatment of non metric data, hierarchical data, longitudinal data and multi-block data. Finally, we demonstrate how these recent developments can strongly help in the building of CIs. It is easy to realize, for example, that as a consequence of considering nominal and ordinal data, the knowledge about a phenomenon synthesized by a CI is considerably extended and improved especially for operational use. In order to highlight the potentiality of the proposed approach, the construction of a CI is discussed. In particular, a CI of Social Cohesion, developed by using European Values Study data, will be described in detail.

The on-going debate about income and wealth inequality has recently hit the sphere of monetary policymaking: some analysts argued that the quantitative easing would benefit the rich at the expense of the poor, whereas some argued the contrary. This briefing paper reviews the arguments on both sides, while going back to the relationship between conventional monetary policy and income inequality. An empirical test on the Euro area shows that monetary policy has an impact on the unemployment rate, hours worked and the inflation rate. We interpret it as a positive, though relatively minor, effect of conventional and unconventional monetary policies on equality in the Euro area.

2020 yılının başlarında Çin’de ortaya çıkan ve daha sonra dünyanın geneline yayılan COVID-19 küresel salgını ulusal, bölgesel ve küresel ölçekteki birçok hareketliliği (insan, sermaye, mal, ticaret, göç vs.) etkilemiş, ancak bunlar içerisinde en fazla etkilenen ise turizm hareketliliği olmuştur. Turist akışının yasaklanması, ülke sınırlarının kapatılması, uçak seferlerinin durdurulması ve ulusal sınırlar içerisinde bile geçişlere belli bir süre izin verilmemesi, dünyanın birçok ülkesinde turizm hareketliliğini tamamen durma noktasına getirmiştir. Her ne kadar “Yeni Normal Dönem”e geçişle birlikte seyahatlerde kısmi bir artış görülse de, modern insanın alıştığı eski normal dönemin turizm hareketliliğine geri dönüşün zor olduğu, geçmiş yıllarda alışılmış olan turizm faaliyetlerini gerçekleştirmenin mümkün olmadığı, dolayısıyla önümüzdeki dönemde bildiğimiz turizm faaliyetlerinden daha farklı turizm pratiklerinin gelişeceği ve turizm hareketliliğinin de boyutunun, niteliğinin, kapsamın...

The global COVID-19 pandemic causes hundreds of thousands of deaths and has created a catastrophic economic and health crisis around the World. Transportation, manufacturing industries, business and people's movement came to almost a halt and sharp oil and gas prices reduction were observed. The impact of the pandemic for sub-Saharan countries like Ethiopia, which was already struggling with many economic and social welfare problems, is more evident than in other wealthy nations around the World. In Ethiopia, the general energy access rate is 44% and in healthcare facilities is only about 10%. Therefore, the response for the COVID-19 pandemic is challenging, since activities such as information sharing, communication with health centers, diagnosis and medical treatment require electricity access. This paper aims to assess the impact of the pandemic on energy access plans during and post-pandemic. The paper analyzed, the status of the current COVID-19 outbreak in Ethiopia, the energy access situation in health facilities, and the impacts of COVID-19 on energy access during and post-pandemic periods. Data related to the universal energy access plan of Ethiopia, the impact of energy access on healthcare services and the impact of the pandemic were reviewed for the assessment. The analysis indicates that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopian healthcare facilities and on the overall universal energy access plan is immense and to minimize the global impact short and longterm policy responses are identified and urgently recommended. Furthermore, powering healthcare facilities with microgrids composed of solar panels and battery storage systems could be one cost-effective and sustainable solution for the speedy and effective response of the pandemic challenges. Keywords COVID-19 • Ethiopia • Energy access • Healthcare facilities • Indoor air pollution • Policy responses • Microgrids * Yohannes Biru Aemro

The use of low efficient cookstoves has several severe negative impacts. Burning solid fuels kills about 4 million people every year, a number which is higher than the combined impact of HIV-AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. Moreover, most of the people affected are located in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa and other developing countries, where over 80% of the population still relies on biomass as their primary source of energy, being the electricity access only 43%. Low-efficiency cooking systems are also a major source of greenhouse gas emissions since solid fuel cooking in Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for 1.2 and 6% of global CO 2 and black carbon emissions, respectively. Furthermore, widespread biomass collection by an increasing population in Sub-Saharan Africa is unsustainable, contributing to deforestation. Therefore, the impact of using traditional cooking systems is a challenge for the achievement of sustainable development targets in Sub-Saharan Africa and as a whole globally. There are several cooking technologies used in those rural locations, but there are no clear frameworks or polices to support sustainable cooking options, as well as a guide for users. This paper assesses several cooking technologies with its associated fuels and evaluated each technology in terms of energy consumption, CO 2 emissions, health impacts and costs. It was concluded that compared with traditional wood fuel cookstoves, electric cookstoves can reduce the energy consumption by 95.7%, CO 2 emissions by 100% (assuming renewable carbon-free electricity) and the life cycle cost by 94%, also avoiding over 180 mg/m 3 PM 2.5 concentrations per/household per year. Also, this paper indicates that a strong and collective effort is necessary from key stakeholders to switch from traditional and unsustainable cooking technologies and fuels to cleaner and sustainable cooking systems. Energy access • Clean and efficient cooking systems • Household air pollution • Solid fuels • Health * Yohannes Biru Aemro

Resumen. La disponibilidad de información climática de calidad y espacialmente distribuida es importante para el desarrollo de investigación en distintas disciplinas como la Hidrología, Agronomía, Climatología y Ecología. Este artículo se propone obtener un modelo espacialmente distribuido de precipitación y temperatura de la cuenca del lago de Cuitzeo, a partir de métodos de interpolación que utilizan variables climáticas y geográficas apoyado en la aplicación de los análisis de correlación y regresión simple y múltiple, uso de herramientas propias de los sistemas de información geográfica. Para ello se elaboraron tres diferentes modelos: el primero con las 17 estaciones que se encuentran en la cuenca (Modelo cuenca); el segundo con 24 estaciones localizadas a menos de 10 km del límite de la cuenca (Modelo buffer 10) y el tercero con 30, localizadas a menos de 20 km de distancia del parteaguas (Modelo buffer 20). Con base en los resultados de confiabilidad, el mapa final de temperatura media, fue el mapa de regresión basado en el modelo buffer 20 corregido por la adición del mapa de anomalías, el cual presentó un valor de R 2 = 0.73 y un RMSE=0.64 °C. En los mapas de precipitación se observaron mejores resultados de confiabilidad para los modelos elaborados con la información del modelo buffer 20. El mapa final de precipitación anual fue el obtenido a partir del mapa de regresión sin corrección por residuales, presentando un coeficiente de determinación R 2 = 0.746 y un RMSE de 55.51. Con base en el análisis de confiabilidad, ambos modelos tienen coeficientes de determinación aceptables (Prob>F= 0.05); sin embargo, los modelos podrían mejorarse de contar con una mayor cantidad de estaciones al interior de la cuenca, ya que la cantidad y calidad de los datos es una variable que afecta los resultados de un modelamiento. Los mapas finales, son de importancia para modelar la distribución espacial de tipos de vegetación, así como especies vegetales, ya que el clima es un factor fundamental que junto con otras variables como la altitud, suelos, pendientes, exposición, entre otros, determinan la distribución de las comunidades vegetales y sus especies.

Resumen. La erosión hídrica, la desecación y pérdida de áreas y volúmenes de los lagos son problemas severos en las cuencas cerradas del Sistema Volcánico Transversal. Este deterioro comienza a extenderse a la cuenca del lago de Zirahuén, Michoacán, en la cual se encuentra uno de los pocos lagos mexicanos de aguas casi prístinas; por ello, es urgente plantear estudios que ofrezcan bases para un manejo sostenible de los recursos naturales que beneficie a los distintos usuarios del lago y de la cuenca. El objetivo de este trabajo fue predecir la erosión hídrica asociada a sistemas de manejo agrícola considerando tres tipos de labranza (tradicional, mínima y de conservación) en la cuenca del lago de Zirahuén.

En este trabajo se describen patrones de cambio de uso de suelo en una ciudad de rápido crecimiento en México en los últimos 35 años, con la utilización de fotografías aéreas de 19.60. 1975 y 1990. También se realizan modelos predictivos para conocer la dirección del cambio de uso de suelo en los próximos treinta años, mediante el uso de sistemas de Información geográfica (SIG), cadenas de Markov y análisis de regresión. En este artículo estarnas particularmente interesados en explorar tanto relaciones entre crecimiento urbano y afectación del paisaje; como de crecimiento urbano y poblacional. Los resultados indican que la ciudad de Morelia creció 600% de 1960 a 1997, además los pronósticos realizados con el modelo markoviano tienen un bajo nivel de predicción en la zona en estudio: en cambio las regresiones lineales realizadas entre el tamaño de la población y la superficie urbano permitieron construir un modelo más robusto y con mayor poder predictivo con respecto al crecimiento d...

El análisis de datos hidrometeorológicos de series de tiempo es una herramienta apta para analizar la evolu­ción del clima pasado y presente. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el comportamiento de las series de tiempo de los datos de precipitación, temperatura y escurrimiento de las estaciones hidrometeorológicas ubicadas en las subcuencas (y algunas en sus cercanías) de Cointzio, Queréndaro y San Marcos, localizadas dentro de la cuenca del lago de Cuitzeo, Michoacán. En primera instancia se presenta una descripción de los datos de temperatura utilizando climogramas; como se esperaba, los mismos registraron, para casi todas las estaciones, las mayores temperaturas durante los meses de abril, mayo y junio. El análisis de tendencia de precipitación, temperatura y escurrimiento se realizó con la prueba no paramétrica de Mann-Kendall. Esta técnica ha sido ampliamente utilizada para probar aleatoriedad contra tendencias en los datos climáticos de las series de tiempo. El análisis d...

En los últimos años los humedales costeros de Jalisco, han sufrido transformaciones en las confluencias y en las cuencas a los que están asociados. El esquema de la gestión costera sugiere incluir la zona de estudio y las áreas adyacentes en un mismo sistema. Por lo tanto, este trabajo plantea analizar los procesos de Cambio de Cobertura y Uso del Suelo en dos cuencas costeras, Arroyo Seco (CAS) y María García (CMG). Se consideraron dos periodos, 1971-1996 y 1996-2014. En total, en la CAS los bosques tropicales perdieron 4,000 ha y en la CMG 7,100 ha, por otro lado, los usos agropecuarios aumentaron el 55% y el 175% respectivamente. Hay dos factores detonantes de cambio; en la CMG la construcción del distrito de riego 093 generó importantes pérdidas de bosques tropicales; en la CAS el desarrollo turístico modificó las estructuras del paisaje en las confluencias de la Laguna Barra de Navidad. Los principales procesos observados fueron la deforestación y la transición forestal, recupe...

La cuenca del lago Cuitzeo presenta tipos de cobertura arbórea y arbustiva de alta importancia ecológica que a través del tiempo han sido fragmentadas a causa de la presión antrópica. Este estudio provee un análisis del cambio en la conectividad estructural de la cuenca del lago Cuitzeo, Michoacán entre 1975 y 2008. Se utilizaron mapas de cobertura de los años 1975, 1996, 2000, 2003 y 2008. En cada año de estudio se aplicaron métricas de composición, confi guración, aislamiento y conectividad en el nivel de clase y se llevó a cabo el análisis comparativo. Las coberturas de tipo arbóreo y arbustivo presentaron una conectividad estructural baja en contraste con las coberturas de origen antrópico las cuales dominaron el paisaje a través del tiempo. Se discuten los cambios en la conectividad estructural y la fragmentación y sus implicaciones para el manejo del paisaje y la conservación de la biodiversidad en esta región. Palabras clave: Métricas del paisaje, fragmentación, cambio del paisaje, cobertura arbórea y arbustiva.

Recibido: 22 de agosto de 2001 Aceptado en versión final: 4 octubre de 2002 Resumen. Este estudio intenta contribuir en la comprensión de las implicaciones del cambio de la cobertura vegetal y uso del suelo (CCVUS) a nivel regional en el balance hidrico espacialmente distribuido (BHED) en una cuenca poco aforada para 1975 y 2000. Los resultados de esta investigación son producto de la integración de herramientas de percepción remota y sistemas de información geográfica con un modelo de balance de agua; además, se utilizaron técnicas de análisis de dinámica de cambio. El análisis del cambio de los componentes del BHED a nivel de formas de relieve y por matrices de transición determinó que durante el periodo de estudio las condiciones hidrológicas regionales de la cuenca no se modificaron sustancialmente. Sin embargo, las planicies y los piedemontes mostraron un incremento en los valores de escorrentía, como resultado de un incremento de la superficie ocupada por asentamientos humanos. En ambos años, las formas de relieve de las zonas bajas de la cuenca mostraron fuerte presión sobre el recurso hídrico, lo cual repercute en el deterioro del lago de Cuitzeo, principalmente por contaminación y reducción del suministro de agua superficial al vaso. El enfoque integral utilizado puede representar una alternativa viable para entender el cambio en la distribución y cantidad del agua disponible en cuencas poco aforadas como resultado de un CCVUS. Palabras clave: Sistemas de información geográfica, percepción remota, matrices de transición, análisis regional, cambio de cobertura vegetal y del suelo, balance hídrico, cuencas poco aforadas.

There is growing literature that links land cover changes to resource governance regimes. Whereas natural resource degradation has been successfully linked to weak governance, the reciprocal relationship between degradation and conflict has not been clearly established especially in sub-Saharan region where natural resource conflicts are common. This paper utilizes remote sensing and spatial techniques to examine land cover changes and conflict in light of the changing Kenyan policy and political contexts. The paper draws evidence from data collected through time series of satellite imagery for Eastern Mau forest complex between 1976 and 2014 and qualitative data including key informant interviews and observation through geo-coded transect walks. The changes in land cover and conflict intractability were analyzed in light of post-independence land use policy history of Kenya and related to conflict occurrences among Eastern Mau forest adjacent communities. The study results show that between 1976 and 2014 over 40% of forest land was converted to other uses. The study also documents both spatio-temporal drivers of conflict (e.g. forest degradation) and drivers related to political practice and competition among ethnic groupings. This paper concludes that to stem land cover changes there is need to pay greater attention to the underlying factors to land cover changes such as conflict, policy and politics. 1. How has land cover changed in the area from 1976 to 2014? 2. Which forest related conflicts have occurred in the area?

We use a multiple‐origins single destination design to understand how the premigration socio‐economic status (SES) and immigrants' selectivity affect their labour market outcomes and the educational success of their offspring in Italy. Premigration SES is measured using socio‐economic status in the country of origin. The degree of immigrants' selectivity on unobserved characteristics (e.g., ability and motivations) is proxied by an indicator of relative education, measured as the individual's relative position in the age/gender‐specific distribution of educational qualifications in the country of origin. The analysis is conducted using logistic and ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regression models applied to high‐quality data from the 2011–2012 ISTAT Survey on ‘Social condition and integration of foreign citizens’. Results indicate that relative education increases the risk of being unemployed, especially for migrants who recently arrived in Italy, and it does affect...

Universities all over the world have green spaces (GS) as an integral part of their campuses because of the significant benefits derived from them. Aside enhancing the image of universities, GS influence the academic performance of students by reducing stress. This paper examines the preferences and uses of green spaces on UCC campus by non-African foreign students (NAFS). Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and by the use of Arc-GIS 10.1 software. Sixteen NAFS were interviewed during the second semester of the 2013/2014 academic year. The study found that the usage of GS was influenced by factors such as easy access to Wi-Fi connectivity, proximity of GS to lecture and residential facilities, fresh air they provide, the aesthetic nature of those spaces, and the quiet/serene environment they offer. The respondents also lamented on the use of GS as pathways by other users. Hence, the study recommends that future development plans of the university in terms o...

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Geography has always been seen as a classical subject and rarely been linked to realised socio-economic development, or community's problem-solving. Since literature is scarce about the role of geography in overcoming challenges, the authors bring forth the role of geography based on a collective students' questions after a class presentation about the role of geography in socio-economic problems. After carrying the literature review, the authors present to students five cases relevant to poverty elimination which represent the type of problems that geography can help to address. The implication of this study is that it opens a new line of research that optimise the utilisation of geography in solving complex problems, besides improving the way geography is presented pedagogically.

A majority of Russia's crucial raw materials are located in its Northern periphery. During the Soviet period, there was a unique set of development practices that existed to exploit the resources of the Northern regions. These included financial and other incentives for people to move to and work in the North and the construction of large urban agglomerations in the region. The result was that Russia had a much more densely populated North than other countries with comparable high-latitude regions. Because of the economic structure of the Russian North, and the fact the growth of the population was mainly due to migration, the population tended to be younger, more highly educated, less Russian, more predominantly male, and more often born outside the region. Mission. The study was carried out under the general supervision of Maureen Lewis, Sector Leader for Human Development Economics, Europe and Central Asia Region. The team that carried out the study of Northern migration issues consisted of

After adjusting for covariates, self-reported general health in England is higher among populations living closer to the coast, and the association is strongest amongst more deprived groups. We explored whether similar findings were present for mental health using cross-sectional data for urban adults in the Health Survey for England (2008-2012, N ≥25,963). For urban adults, living ≤1 km from the coast, in comparison to > 50 km, was associated with better mental health as measured by the GHQ12. Stratification by household income revealed this was only amongst the lowest-earning households, and extended to ≤5 km. Our findings support the contention that, for urban adults, coastal settings may help to reduce health inequalities in England.

Physical accessibility is a measurement of opportunities available to people in a geographical region. The purpose of such a measurement is for the redirection of regional and transportation policies toward the provision of quality of life. Public policies should provide individuals with more options to choose from, and these options should be more equally distributed among the population. A physical

Сумський державний педагогічний університет імені А.С. Макаренка У статті проаналізовано місце і значення навчальної практики у підготовці майбутніх фахівців з географії та показано важливість і необхідність їх проведення. Розглянуто деякі аспекти навчальної практики з географії спеціальності 014 Середня освіта (Географія) на основі краєзнавчого матеріалу. Розкрито мету, основні завдання та етапи проведення практики. Охарактеризовано бази навчальної практики з географії та описано конкретні приклади природних географічних об'єктів, при вивченні яких студенти набувають фахових компетентностей. Ключові слова: практична підготовка, навчальна практика з географії, фахівець з географії Елена Данильченко, Олеся Корнус, Анатолий Корнус, Сергей Сюткин, Борис Нешатаев УЧЕБНАЯ ПРАКТИКА ПО ГЕОГРАФИИ КАК НЕОБХОДИМАЯ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩАЯ ПОДГОТОВКИ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ПО ГЕОГРАФИИ В статье проанализированы место и значение учебной практики в подготовке будущих специалистов по географии и показана важность и необходимость их проведения. Рассмотрены некоторые аспекты учебной практики по географии специальности 014 Среднее образование (География) на основе краеведческого материала. Раскрыты цели, задачи и этапы проведения практики. Охарактеризованы базы учебной практики по географии и описаны конкретные примеры природных географических объектов, при изучении которых студенты приобретают профессиональных компетенций. Ключевые слова: практическая подготовка, учебная практика по географии, специалист по географии Olena Danylchenko, Olesia Kornus, Anatolii Kornus, Serhii Siutkin, Borys Neshataev EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES ON GEOGRAPHY AS A NECESSARY COMPONENT OF TRAINING OF THE SPECIALISTS ON GEOGRAPHY The article is considered the place and importance of the educational practice for the training of students in geography. On the example of educational practice in field of geography students by the specialty 014 Secondary Education (Geography) the some aspects of its conduct on the basis of local lore material are considered. The article reveals the purpose of the training practice, which consists in consolidating the theoretical knowledge received by students during training, acquiring and improving of practical skills and habits, mastering of modern methods of the field research. The tasks of practice, suggesting to teach the students to use of special instruments and tourist equipment, correctly apply of them in various types of geographical research, teach students to conduct visual observations by themselves, perform of field measurements, and conduct the scientifically grounded processing of empirical results were also described. The stages of the training practice (preparatory, field, and cameral) have been described on the base of conduct of it in Sumy city and its environs. The article also showed the program results of training practice on geography, which consists in applying the theoretical knowledge to form the practical skills, demonstrating the ability to use the special instruments for geographical research, organizing of independent visual observations of the natural objects and phenomena, performing field measurements, demonstrating the ability to perform graphic and cartographic work, the use of professionally proficient knowledge and practical skills for the scientific researches of natural objects, processes and phenomena. The special attention was paid to the description of unique local lore objects: the Romny salt dome named of mount Zolotukhageological reserve of local significance, as well ad the Mohrytsky Landscape Reserve of local significance, Banitsky Quarry of quartzite, Psel river (along the route Baranivka-Zeleny Gaiin the vicinity of Sumy), and the Botanical Garden of the Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A.S. Makarenko, where students are acquire professional competencies. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the training practice on geography is an integral part of lead-up of a highly qualified geographer, it enables students to consolidate their theoretical knowledge in the field, broadens their horizons and cognitive abilities, evokes interest in geography, increases the effectiveness of teaching, and promotes the reliable formation of professional competencies of the students-geographers.

Изложена алгоритмическая модель регионального геоэкологического анализа речных бассейнов, предполагающая изучение ландшафтно-гидрологической организация территории, определение уровня антропогенной нагрузки на бассейны рек и оценку качества речных вод. По результатам моделирования осуществлено водоохранное ареалирование Сумской области и водоохранные мероприятия для модельного репрезентативного бассейна. Ключевые слова: геоэкологический анализ, река, бассейн, Сумская область Abstract. The article deals with the algorithmic model of geoecological analysis of the regional river basins. The landscape-hydrological differentiation have been determined, as well as the levels of anthropogenic pressure on river basins has been defined and quality of river water has been estimated. By modeling was carried out the water protection arealing of territory of the Sumy region and the protection measures for the representative model basin.

Study objective-The aim ofthe study was to investigate the quality of national malaria surveillance reports in the United Kingdom. Design-Persons with malaria reported to the Malaria Reference Laboratory (MRL) in 1987 were contacted by post to verify existing records with respect to key variables. The MRL data set was then analysed for inaccuracies. Setting-The study was confined to UK residents. Participants-602 persons with malaria in 1987 responded (53%).

Chapitre 1 9 Création de valeur dans les filières 11 Des innovations pour revaloriser des espèces végétales sous-utilisées LÉA BERMOND 19 Les aliments simili-carnés : une nouvelle filière viande à base de végétaux ALINE DENIAU 27 Création d'une filière sur le Causse Méjean : entre cohésion sociale et développement économique LISA FERNANDES 35 L'Insetting via l'agroforesterie : comment accompagner les entreprises dans des actions climatiques intégrées au sein de la filière cacao ? RÉMI VANDE MAELE 43 FeedAccess, la formulation d'aliments du bétail à portée de tous GUILLAUME MÉRIC 51 Mécanisation de la post-récolte de quinoa : l'innovation au service des cultures ancestrales ! FLORENCIA CAPPIELLO 59 Production intégrée : quel potentiel pour redynamiser la filière piscicole marine française ? BENJAMIN DUCHÉ 65 L'aridoculture, une rétro-innovation ? BLANDINE ARVIS Chapitre 2 73 Dynamiques territoriales 75 Les agriparcs sur la Métropole de Montpellier : un difficile équilibre entre alimentation durable et développement urbain MATHILDE COUDRAY 83 L'agriparc du Mas Nouguier, un lieu multifonctionnel porteur de durabilité RACHEL GÉRARDIN 91 Connect the Dots, São Paulo (Brésil) -Du laboratoire urbain au système agroalimentaire local RENAUD GUILLONNET 99 Des modèles de politiques alimentaires : les cas de Belo Horizonte et Medellín MARIE-FLORE DOYEN 107 Qualitropic : au service de l'innovation ! LOU CHADEBECH 115 Panjee : un passeport digital de produits agricoles et alimentaires LENY MOULIN Chapitre 3 123 Nouvelles structures d'économie sociale et solidaire 125 Vigne de Cocagne : première exploitation viticole d'insertion sociale et professionnelle en France FANNY BRASTEL 133 Pain et Partage et le modèle des boulangeries solidaires : témoignage d'un entrepreneuriat pétri de sens CYRIL TISSEYRE 141 Fournir une alimentation saine et de qualité en ville : le Micromarché, un système de distribution innovant AMÉLIE-CHARLOTTE COGNIET 147 L'épicerie coopérative, un espace nouveau pour conjuguer démocratie et alimentation durable ? Zoom sur CoopaParis CLAIRE BERNARDIN 155 Le Château : un lieu d'innovation performant, social et durable pour une alimentation responsable ROSE NICOT visiter la page www.supagro.fr/isam-ipad. Nous vous souhaitons une bonne lecture de ce document et vous donnons rendez-vous pour la 4 e JIPAD, le 5 avril 2018 ! STÉPHANE FOURNIER ET NICOLAS BRICAS RESPONSABLES SCIENTIFIQUES DES FORMATIONS ISAM/IPAD PASCALE MOITY-MAIZI, DAMIEN CONARÉ, AUDREY MISRAHI RESPONSABLES DE L'UNITÉ D'ENSEIGNEMENT ISAM/IPAD « ÉTUDE D'UNE INNOVATION » 1. Les vidéos sont disponibles en ligne à l'adresse :

Montpellier Méditerranée Métropole a décidé de lancer sa politique agricole et alimentaire, et d'y associer les 31 communes qui la composent. Ce rapport restitue le travail préparatoire qui a été mené entre novembre 2014 et avril 2015, avec l'appui d'un groupe de recherche aux compétences variées. Il est le fruit d'une réflexion partenariale entre les élus locaux, les agents de nos services et l'équipe de chercheurs. Parce que le sujet est novateur, parce que le traduire en politique à l'échelle d'une métropole est une expérience inédite, ce travail fournit la première pierre à la construction d'un édifice ambitieux et de long terme. Les données qu'on y trouve et la richesse des propositions des acteurs qu'on y découvre, illustrent la complexité et l'actualité de la question agricole et alimentaire dans la société d'aujourd'hui. Plus que jamais, la dynamique urbaine et la coopération territoriale avec l'agriculture et le rural, doivent être pris en compte ensemble, sans les séparer. Cette complexité ne doit cependant pas faire perdre de vue le principe de lignes d'actions concrètes, accessibles à tous, élaborées en concertation avec les territoires partenaires et la profession, et valorisant toutes les énergies du territoire. Ce rapport est également l'exemple d'une collaboration avec les chercheurs qui, au-delà de leur expertise, sont intervenus pour faciliter la prise en compte de la diversité de points de vue, et pour permettre la prise de recul nécessaire à la réalisation d'un diagnostic partagé. C'est en quelque sorte une intelligence collective qui se construit sous nos yeux. A nous, responsables politiques de la faire vivre et de la fortifier.

Cet ouvrage rassemble les Actes de la 4e Journee des innovations pour une alimentation durable (Jipad) qui s’est tenue le jeudi 5 avril 2018. Cette journee a ete organisee par les participants des formations ISAM / IPAD de Montpellier SupAgro et copilotee avec le Cirad.

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

The standard growth model predicts that allowing for labor mobility across regions would increase the speed of convergence in per capita income levels and that migration has a negative causal impact on regional growth rates. Although the empirical literature has uncovered some evidence for the former implication, the latter has not been verified empirically. This paper provides empirical evidence for the negative causal impact of migration on provincial growth rates in a developing country with a high level of internal migration that is characterized by unskilled labor exiting rural areas for urban centers. We utilize an instrumental variables estimation method with an instrument unique to the country examined, and we also control for provincial fixed effects.

The standard growth model predicts that allowing labour mobility across regions would increase the speed of convergence in per capita income levels and that migration has a negative causal impact on regional growth rates. Although the empirical literature has uncovered some evidence for the former implication, the latter has not been verified empirically. This paper provides empirical evidence for the negative causal impact of migration on provincial growth rates in a developing country with a high level of internal migration characterized by unskilled labour exiting rural areas for urban centres. We utilize an instrumental variables estimation method with an instrument unique to the country examined, controlling for provincial fixed effects.ResumenEl modelo de crecimiento estándar predice que el permitir la movilidad laboral entre regiones aumentará la rapidez en alcanzar una convergencia en los niveles de ingresos per cápita y que la migración tiene un impacto causal negativo en l...

This study establishes the convergence equivalence of Picard, Mann, Ishikawa, and Picard-Mann hybrid schemes when addressing weak enriched F-contraction and weak enriched F-contraction, as defined by Zhou et al. (2024) [Journal of Inequalities and Applications (2024) 2024:23]. Our findings consolidate and expand upon existing contraction mapping methodologies within normed spaces. Numerical experiments validate our theoretical results. Moreover, we present stability analyses and dependence results for the iterative schemes. Finally, we apply general convergence principles for Krasnoselskii-type algorithms to variational inequality and split feasibility problems.

The U Minh Thượng natural reserve was created during the 1990s with a surrounding buffer zone where 3,500 households have been settled between 1992 and 1995, each household on a lot of 4 hectares. From a social point of view, the settlers were selected as 'poor people' or war veterans. A social discrimination was slowly built in favour of the latter. Despite an apparent homogeneity, the environment shows slight variations which has huge effects on the potential of the lots. From 1992 to 1998, the provincial government applied uniformly different management policies, despite the fact that this repeated "new deal" of the variability among households and lots, produced various outcomes from total destruction to a real support to households. Finally, the support of international environmental non-governmental organizations enhanced a pro-nature hard-line that has affected farmers' livelihoods. This 'real world' social experiment enhances the necessity to at least understand the needs and constraints at a lower scale, especially for such a vast area.