Memory (Cognitive Psychology)

Visual biofeedback and force plate systems are often used for treatment of balance and mobility disorders following neurological injury. Conventional Physical Therapy techniques have been shown to improve balance, mobility and gait. The training program encourages patients to transfer weight onto the impaired limb in order to improve weight shift in standing and during gait. Researchers and therapists have been exploring the use of video game consoles such as the Nintendo® WiiFit™ as rehabilitation tools. Initial case studies have demonstrated that the use of video games has some promise for balance rehabilitation. However, initial usability studies and anecdotal evidence has indicated that the commercial games that are currently available are not necessarily suitable for the controlled, specific exercise required for therapy. Based on focus group data and observations with patients, a game has been developed to specifically target weight shift training using an open source game engine and the WiiFit balance board. The prototype underwent initial usability testing with a sample of four Physical Therapists and four patients with neurological injury or disease. Overall, feedback was positive and areas for improvement were identified. This preliminary research provides support for the development of a game that caters specifically to the key requirements of balance rehabilitation.

di Alberto Comparini . AC: se provassimo a tracciare un'evoluzione del tuo pensiero, intellettuale e accademico, a partire dalla tua tesi di dottorato (Funktionswandel und Rezeption, 1972) fino a Prose of the World. Diderot, Goya, Lichtenberg, and Mozart and an End of Enlightenment (2021), uno dei concetti chiave che torna, direttamente e indirettamente, è quello di Stimmung. Inizierei, dunque, da questo aspetto: che ruolo ha avuto la Stimmung nel tuo percorso biografico? Sepp: non ricordo di aver usato esplicitamente la parola Stimmung nella mia tesi di dottorato. Se si esclude il fatto che quel lavoro trattava di testi medievali (principalmente in francese e in lingua castigliana), e che la cultura medievale continua ad essere un'ispirazione per il mio pensiero, oggi mi sento abbastanza distante da quel libro, e sfortunatamente non riesco a considerarlo come «origine» del mio lavoro. Quindi la risposta puramente fattuale alla tua domanda è che la «Stimmung», come concetto e come dimensione dell'esperienza estetica, divenne per me una preoccupazione e un vero e proprio fascino molto più avanti. È successo dopo il 2005, credo, quando il mio amico Henning Ritter (in quel momento l'editore del supplemento settimanale «Geisteswissenschaften» del giornale «Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung») mi incoraggiò a partecipare all'esperimento di fare un lavoro concettuale (o filosofico?) innovativo, in forma di testi brevi e saggistici. Così ho scritto una decina di brevi articoli sulle Stimmungen in testi letterari di diverse lingue e periodi storici -e quei pochi saggi sarebbero diventati la base per il mio libro sulla Stimmung. Retrospettivamente, tuttavia, sono tentato di dire che la Stimmung (in qualche modo avant la lettre o avant le mot) aveva avuto un ruolo nel mio lavoro In 1926. Living on the Edge of Time (pubblicato nel 1997 per Harvard University Press), il libro che considero più determinante per il mio lavoro -e che considero anche come la soglia che ho dovuto attraversare per arrivare a definire la dimensione di «Presenza» per la quale non avevo ancora concetti teorico-filosofici adatti o ben definiti. Oggi posso vedere che In 1926 c'era un tentativo di descrivere l'identità storica di un particolare anno come Stimmung. Ora, se oggi (e dopo il libro Stimmungen lesen. Über eine verdekte Wirklichkeit der Literatur del 2011) mi propongo ancora di capire questa parola come riferita agli stati innescati negli individui dalle diverse modalità del tocco più leggero possibile che il nostro ambiente materiale può avere sui nostri corpi, ciò significa che la Stimmung appartiene a quei fenomeni culturali che ho cercato di portare alla ribalta attraverso il concetto di «Presenza». Ciò detto, penso che le Stimmungen abbiano sempre avuto un ruolo esistenziale particolarmente rilevante nella mia vita (anche indipendentemente dal mio lavoro intellettuale),

After a general introduction to the nature and functioning of human memory, this article focuses on two projects by French artist Sophie Calle-one of them developed as part of the Dislocations exhibition at MoMA, New York (October 1991/January 1992); the other, entitled Disparitions (1990), at the Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston-and the famous film The Thin Blue Line by American documentary maker Errol Morris, which allow us to discuss the important role, among other factors, that an individual's personality and social position play in the often involuntary selection of memories relating to the same object or perceived situation; a difference in the process of acquiring memories that significantly affects the reliability of testimony.

Summary of the exchange by AI
Problematic interaction with AI and its conventional social analogues
Memory management by human intelligence and AI
Memorability of numbers in comprehension of sets of strategic relevance
Use of polyhedra to configure sets of prime numbers in 3D
Patterns of symmetry preserving operations on polyhedra
Configuring Integers Simply and Symmetrically (CISS)
Psychosocial analogue to chirality and handedness?
Indicative visualization of polyhedral mapping of numbers
Relevance of types and classes of number to cognitive salience
Centered figurate numbers and cognitive salience
Iterative generation of table of polyhedral number salience
Extension to stellated polyhedra and uniform 4-polytopes
Memorability of polyhedra through symmetry implied by "great circles"
Refinement of analysis for tabular presentations of polyhedra
Polyhedral compactness as an indication of cognitive salience
Eliciting a harmonic pattern that connects from seemingly disparate themes

This integrative perspective article delves into the crucial role of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and adjacent perisylvian regions in multimodal integration and semantic cognition. Drawing from a wide range of neuroscientific evidence, including studies on nonhuman primates and human brain evolution, the article highlights the significance of the STS in linking auditory and visual modalities, particularly in the establishment of associative links between auditory inputs and visual stimuli. Furthermore, it explores the expansion of the human temporal lobe and its implications for the amplification of multisensory regions, emphasizing the role of these regions in the development of word-related concepts and semantic networks. We propose a posteroanterior gradient organization in the human temporal lobe, from low-level sensorimotor integration in posterior regions to higher-order, transmodal semantic control in anterior portions, particularly in the anterior temporal lobe. Overall, this perspective provides a comprehensive overview of the functional and evolutionary aspects of the STS and adjacent regions in multimodal integration and semantic cognition, offering valuable insights for future research in this field.

Dream is commonly used to express an unattainable ideal or a very deep and strong desire. Neurophysiological correlation of dreaming are still unclear and many questions remain unresolved, i.e. whether the images in dreams emerge randomly from the brain or they are controlled by currently known/unknown parameters and are determined by any rules; whether dreaming has any meaningful function or it just a byproduct of sleep, etc. Psychoanalytical perspective in cognitive neuroscience helps to achieve a comprehensive understanding of dreaming but it is challenging to interpret rationally. Thus, close interaction between neuroscience and psychoanalysis would probably take the dream research to a new height.   Key words: Dream, brain activity, REM sleep, NREM sleep.

Psychologists have only recently begun to examine the extent to which personal memories transmit across generations. When they have, they typically focus on family stories (see or memories of historical events . The present study extends this line of research to flashbulb memories, or memories of an individual's circumstances when first learning about a consequential, historical event . To this end, the present study examines the extent to which flashbulb memories surrounding the events of the terrorist attacks on 9/11 transmit to the next generation. The results suggest that flashbulb memories do transmit, this transmission is driven by the child's conversations with the parent and these transmitted memories are associated with the child's social identification as an American. These results are discussed in terms of the importance of understanding how and when personal memories transmit across generations and their role in shaping the next generation's social identity.

Psychologists have only recently begun to examine the extent to which personal memories transmit across generations. When they have, they typically focus on family stories (see Merrill & Fivush, 2016) or memories of historical events (Svob & Brown, 2012). The present study extends this line of research to flashbulb memories, or memories of an individual’s circumstances when first learning about a consequential, historical event (Brown & Kulik, 1977). To this end, the present study examines the extent to which flashbulb memories surrounding the events of the terrorist attacks on 9/11 transmit to the next generation. The results suggest that flashbulb memories do transmit, this transmission is driven by the child’s conversations with the parent and these transmitted memories are associated with the child’s social identification as an American. These results are discussed in terms of the importance of understanding how and when personal memories transmit across generations and their ro...

The underlying neural mechanisms of developmental dyscalculia (DD) are still far from being clearly understood. Even the behavioral processes that generate or influence this heterogeneous disorder are a matter of controversy. To date, the few studies examining functional brain activation in children with DD mainly focus on number and counting related tasks, whereas studies on more general cognitive domains that are involved in arithmetical development, such as working memory are virtually absent. There are several studies showing a close relationship between DD and spatial working memory . Low working memory capacity impedes both efficiency and learning of number transcoding in children.

Free association is "the fundamental rule of psychoanalysis". The mechanism through which it can work is memory reconsolidation, which erases problematic emotional memories. Free association can facilitate memory reconsolidation but is not always successful. Certain ancient Indian texts speak of psychological transformation and use memory reconsolidation as a method. However, they do not teach free association and speak of mental absorption instead. Using a recent proposal regarding the nature (and neural correlate) of mental absorption, the present article addresses the question how absorption could play the role of free association (at least in part) and what obstacles might stand in the way. It further explores the question whether psychedelics (which have an effect on the same serotonin receptors that also play a central role in mental absorption) may play a role in memory reconsolidation.

In the learning and teaching of French as a foreign language, the notions of guided and non-guided acquisition occupy a central place. Guided acquisition refers to structured and supervised learning, usually delivered by a teacher or through formal educational resources. This type of acquisition is based on lessons, exercises, and feedback that help learners master linguistic rules, enrich their vocabulary, and develop their grammar and syntax skills. Unguided acquisition, on the other hand, occurs more spontaneously, often in informal settings. Here, learners acquire French by being exposed to the language in authentic situations, such as everyday conversations, movies, or non-pedagogical readings. Guided acquisition provides a structured learning framework that allows for an understanding of the nuances and complexity of language. Unguided acquisition, on the other hand, promotes fluency, natural comprehension, and contextual appropriation of French. The two approaches are complementary: one provides a solid foundation in theory, while the other allows for intuitive and contextual use of the language. In an optimal course in French as a foreign language, the integration of the two types of acquisition is recommended for a balanced and in-depth mastery of the language.

Nous abordons dans le present article la subjectivite comme categorie abstraite de reference, avec un point de vue de linguiste et de didacticienne. Nous donnons d'abord des exemples d'enjeux societaux et academiques de l'etude de la subjectivite, puis nous explorons la subjectivite en linguistique, pour enfin aborder les implications epistemologiques et methodologiques de la prise en compte de la subjectivite, notamment a travers la psychophenomenologie. Nous ne presentons pas une etude de corpus, mais nous souhaitons montrer comment une categorie abstraite peut-etre heuristique a la fois pour la theorie et la pratique. Nous presentons en effet egalement des implications concretes tirees de notre pratique d'enseignante. S'il peut etre interessant, aujourd'hui, de traiter de la subjectivite comme categorie abstraite, c'est aussi parce qu'au-dela de son abstraction, cette categorie est liee a des enjeux societaux et academiques. Les implications et enj...

This paper presents a novel framework aimed at enhancing the experimental methodology within cognitive psychology, integrating both informal and formal components to accommodate varied reasoning approaches. The framework supports the design and performing of experiments, and the structured storage of the information on outcomes in a way that is independent of specific interpretations and findings. This facilitates the replication and reproduction of the experiments and their interpretation under alternative theories. Moreover, the formal components of the information stored can be used for in silico simulation as well as within rigorous analytical approaches, such as formal methods and process mining.

Nostalgia is a social, self-relevant, and bittersweet (although mostly positive) emotion that arises when reflecting on fond past memories and serves key psychological functions. The majority of evidence concerning the prevalence, triggers, and functions of nostalgia has been amassed in samples from a handful of largely Western cultures. If nostalgia is a fundamental psychological resource, it should perform similar functions across cultures, although its operational dynamics may be shaped by culture. This study (N = 2606) examined dispositional nostalgia, self-reported triggers of nostalgia, and functions of experimentally-induced nostalgia in young adults across 28 countries and a special administrative region of China (i.e., Hong Kong). Results indicated that nostalgia is frequently experienced across cultures, albeit better valued in more-developed countries (i.e., higher national wealth and life-expectancy). Nostalgia is triggered by psychological threats (especially in warmer countries), sensory stimuli (especially in more-developed countries), and social gatherings (especially in less-developed countries). The positive or negative affect prompted by experimentally-induced nostalgia varied by country, but was mild overall. More importantly, recalling a nostalgic (vs. ordinary) memory increased social connectedness, self-continuity, and meaning in life across cultures. In less-developed countries, recalling an ordinary memory also conferred some of these functions, reducing the effect size of nostalgia. Finally, recalling a nostalgic (vs. ordinary) memory augmented state satisfaction with life in countries with lower quality of living (i.e., lower life-expectancy and life-satisfaction). Overall, findings confirm the relevance of nostalgia across a wide range of cultures and indicate cultural nuances in its functioning.

Research on expertise suggests that a critical aspect of expert understanding is knowledge of the relations between domain principles and problem features. We investigat-ed two instructional pathways hypothesized to facilitate students ’ learning of these relations when studying worked examples. The first path is through self-explaining how worked examples instantiate domain principles and the second is through analogical comparison of worked examples. We compared both of these pathways to a third instructional path where students read worked examples and solved practice problems. Students in an introductory physics class were randomly assigned to one of three worked example conditions (reading, self-explanation, or analogy) when learning about rotational kinematics and then completed a set of problem solving and conceptual tests that measured near, intermediate, and far transfer. Students in the reading and self-explanation groups performed better than the analogy group on near tra...

2 Relationships between personality, cortisol, dreaming and memory Adrian Parsons Supervisor: Ridwana Timol Page 2. 3 ... Further, neuroticism and introspectiveness have also been shown to have small but significant positive correlations (Blagrove & Akehurst, 2000; Hartmann ...

Primeiramente a Deus, pela força. Aos meus pais, Sônia e Luiz, pelo carinho, pelo amor, dedicação e pelo esforço árduo e incansável para que eu sempre conquistasse meus sonhos. Ao meu esposo, Claudiomir, pela paciência, pelo apoio, pelo companheirismo, pela compreensão das longas horas de ausência e, principalmente, por sempre compartilhar dos meus sonhos. À minha super amiga, Ana Karine, que foi mais que uma amiga, uma irmã e companheira. Obrigada pelo ombro amigo, pela paciência e, principalmente, pelos ricos conselhos dos momentos mais inquietantes e desalentadores da escrita desta dissertação. Ao meu orientador, Professor doutor Gilmar Henrique da Conceição, pela confiança depositada, pelas orientações e por me trilhar nas alamedas da filosofia. Ao Professor doutor Remi Schorn, ao professor doutor Rosalvo Schültz, à professora doutora Amélia Kimiko, à professora doutora Ester Maria Dreher Heuser, e ao professor doutor Avelino da Rosa Oliveira pelas avaliações, contribuições teóricas, críticas e sugestões fundamentais para esta dissertação. Ao Professor João Zanardini, pela força, pelo incentivo, pela confiança e, principalmente, por plantar a primeira sementinha de curiosidade sobre estética marxista. Ao Professor Alexandre Fiuza, pelo companheirismo, pela amizade e carinho. Aos professores do Mestrado em Educação da UNIOESTE, que ministraram suas disciplinas com competência e profissionalismo. À secretária do mestrado, Sandra, pela alegria e sempre boa disposição em atender todas as nossas necessidades. A CAPES, pela bolsa de estudos, um auxílio decisivo para a consecução desta pesquisa.

This paper explores the hypothesis that dreams function analogously to a computer's defragmentation process, organizing and optimizing mental "storage" by consolidating useful information, purging irrelevant data, and maintaining cognitive efficiency. We examine existing neuroscientific theories related to memory consolidation, reverse learning, and sleep's role in waste clearance. Additionally, we discuss the theological and historical significance of dreams, with a focus on their use in the Bible, suggesting that dreams may serve both biological and spiritual functions.

We describe how photographs play a crucial role producing a mental event reshaping perception (Foster and Scheinost, 2024), generating a use-wear supported shell net weight redescription of the use of prehistoric punctured shells (Hatton, et al, 2019, Keegan, et al, 2009, and Van Haeren, et al, 2013). Our argument relies on the presence of string from fibers or hair (Hatton, et al, 2019, and Van Haeren, et al, 2013) preceding the bow and arrow (Bar-Yosef Mayer, et al, 2020), since string is essential to making fishing nets, and stringing punctured shells as net weights (Keegan, et al, 2013). We address how fabricated or altered photographs can create false memories (Wade and Read, 2002), and show that by strategically reconfiguring digital images of shell artifacts to align with prehistoric tool use studies (Keegan, et al, 2013), and a replica of a Blombos Cave (BBC) net, a better visual guide is introduced. This is important in understanding the associated brain evolution of the precuneus involved in bimanual processes and spatial thinking (Lombard, 2024) preceding by about 30,000 years the bow and arrow. As etched on the Blombos ochre stone (Coolidge, et al, 2024), the net had to have a diamond shaped webbing, to which a necklace of shells was then attached, to prevent shells from entangling. Digital photographic editing helps us mirror the prehistoric cognitive style and visual grammar (Frog, 2015, and Iacoboni, et al, 2005) describing how the net would look and create a net with shell weights.

Más que un conjunto de técnicas para obtener información, la etnografía es, ante todo, una confrontación con la alteridad. Los testimonios etnográficos incluidos en esta investigación surgen de distintos contextos
socioculturales, en los cuales el antropólogo imprime su sello personal de acuerdo con su cultura. Algunos capítulos fueron escritos durante la pandemia y ponen de manifiesto las experiencias que impactaron particularmente la vida personal y la formación profesional del investigador. Como resultado, las narraciones ponen de manifiesto que, al estudiar la realidad cultural, se generan diversos estados anímicos tanto en el etnógrafo como en las personas con quienes trabaja. La finalidad de estas descripciones es evidenciar que el antropólogo no está exento de subjetividades; por el contrario, son inherentes a su percepción y constituyen una parte sustancial de su labor. Además de interpretar el modo de vida, su enfoque descriptivo se basa en una búsqueda personal que busca empatizar sinceramente con el otro y valorar las circunstancias en las que se desarrolla este oficio.

We present Mem|8, a novel memory system architecture that utilizes wave-based patterns and grid structures to process, store, and adapt memories across multiple modalities. Unlike traditional memory systems that rely on static storage or simple decay mechanisms, Mem|8 implements a dynamic wave-based approach where memories propagate and interact like waves in an ocean, with importance acting as amplitude and temporal relationships forming interference patterns. This approach enables more natural memory dynamics including reinforcement, decay, and pattern emergence. We augment this with comprehensive emotional modeling, ethical safeguards, and collaborative features like Hot Tub Mode for safe exploration. Our experimental results show that Mem|8 outperforms traditional memory architectures on tasks requiring temporal reasoning, emotional intelligence, and ethical decision making.

This paper explores the implications of the Extended Mind Hypothesis (ExM), as introduced by Andy Clark and David Chalmers in 1998. Focusing on cognitive integration and the Trust and Glue criteria, we have two objectives. First, we examine how ExM reshapes perspectives on human-AI interaction, particularly by challenging the Standard model of AI. We argue that AI, as an active non-organic agent, significantly influences cognitive processes beyond initial expectations. Secondly, we propose the maintainability as a fourth criterion in the Trust and Glue criteria of ExM, in addition to trustworthiness, reliability and accessibility. This addition aims to evaluate parity in coupled systems comprehensively addressing concerns about control in human-AI interactions. We highlight the risks posed by AI's understanding of human psychology, which may lead to unintended shifts in our objectives and choices. Our analysis concludes that maintainability serves as a critical safeguard against the evolving challenges of human-AI integration.

In this paper, mindfulness and metaphors in psychotherapy with their ability to alter the brain and regulate emotion are reviewed, along with music that shapes brain structure and function with its ability to awaken musical memory in seniors with dementia. The mathematical principles of musical harmony and rhythm are seen as part of nature's laws, hard-wired into the human brain as internal sounding boards of neural oscillators, referred to by William Shakespeare, Albert Einstein, and others as the "music of the spheres." Adlerian psychology's "lifestyle"-the characteristic pattern of how an individual acts, thinks, and perceives-is viewed as a theme in a musical melody following Arthur Schopenhauer's ideas. Consistent with modern neuroscience, it is theorized that listening to music and its rhythms reshapes this recurring private logic into its feeling-toned essence that can awaken the musical memory of self in seniors with dementia. This is one of many examples of how music has been used to help heal listeners throughout the ages.

Yüksek lisans eğitim sürecimde aktardıkları bilgi birikimi ile öğrenim sürecime katkı sağlayan tüm değerli hocalarıma ve tezin yazım süreci ve veri toplama aşamalarında birçok olanağı bana sunan ve destek veren tez danışmanım Prof. Dr. Özalp Ekinci'ye, Tez sürecindeki ilgi ve destekleri için Klinik Psikoloji Ana Bilim Dalı başkanı Doç. Dr. Aynur Feyzioğlu'na, Fikir ve deneyimlerini paylaşan Doç. Dr. Hüseyin Güleç ve Doç. Dr. Bülent Kadri Gültekin'e, Tezin en zahmetli kısmı olan veri toplama aşamasında bana kolaylıklar sağlayan başta Dr. Büşra Üstündağ olmak üzere Erenköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi Çocuk ve Ergen Psikiyatri ekibinde bulunan tüm asistan doktor ve çalışanlarına, Pandemi sürecindeki kısıtlı imkanlarda araştırmamı destekleyerek her türlü yardım ve destekte bulunan, zamanlarını ayıran ve imkanlarını sunan Kazım İşmen Anadolu Lisesi müdürü Ahmet Selim Sarı ve rehber öğretmeni Mübine Balcı ile diğer tüm idareci ve öğretmenlere, Birlikte çalışıyor olmaktan mutluluk duyduğum, destekleyici ve öğretici bir çalışma ortamı sunan İstanbul Medeniyet Üniversitesi Psikoloji bölümü bölüm başkanı Prof. Dr. F. Işıl Bilican'a, yol göstermeleri ve desteği için Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Uzay Dural Şenoğuz'a ve her zaman desteklerini hissettiğim diğer tüm değerli hocalarıma ve çalışma arkadaşlarıma, Bu uzun süreçte karşılaştığım tüm durumlarda yanımda olan ve desteğini esirgemeyen değerli arkadaşım Sümeyye Karadağ'a, Hayatımı kolaylaştırmaktaki rolü çok büyük olan, bana güvenen, destekleyen ve sevgisini her zaman hissettiğim canım anneme, bana bıraktıklarından dolayı sevgili babama, her zorluğumda beni dinleyen, yol gösteren, hep yanımda hissettiğim canım ablama, Tez çalışmasına katılarak vakitlerini ayıran tüm gençlere ve ebeveynlerine

Paolo Mategazza (1831Mategazza ( -1910)). Quando iniciei o doutoramento tinha um conjunto de expectativas completamente irrealistas. O entusiasmo, aliado à vontade de querer inovar e mudar o mundo, trouxe-me alguns percalços e angústias durante este percurso. Nesse sentido, começo por agradecer a todos os que, pacientemente, suportaram a minha ausência e desvalorizaram os meus acessos dramáticosa minha Família e os meus Amigos. Sem o apoio incondicional deste meu círculo privilegiado e seguro, o caminho teria sido mais duro. Se este projeto de investigação chegou a bom porto, devo-o aos meus orientadores. Agradeço à minha orientadora, Prof.ª Dr.ª Sandra Soares, pelos anos que partilhámos, pelas conversas e confidências e, acima de tudo, pela Amizade. Não tenho palavras que expressem a gratidão que sinto por tudo o que vivemos. Levo comigo todos os momentos de choro, de alegria, de entusiasmo por cada conquista, de desilusão com os lobbies da ciência, de excitação, de partilha de viagens (do meu primeiro Midsummer), e de tudo o que me fez pensar que sofria de perturbação bipolar e POC! Bem sei que a sua resiliência foi testada comigo! Agradeço-lhe, de coração, todas as oportunidades que me proporcionou e toda a experiência e conhecimento que adquiri. De igual modo agradeço ao meu coorientador, Prof. Dr. Mats J. Olsson. Segue uma mensagem direta para ele: Thank you, Professor Mats for all the support, expertise and care during my PhD work. It was a real adventure to work with you. You received me with open arms at KI and at your home. Thanks for your understanding and for letting me grow. It was hard sometimes, but it worth it. I learnt a lot from you. I also have to thank to Amy Gordon, Johan Lundström, Emilia Johansson, Stephanie Juran, and all the lovely people I met at Stockholm and that made my experience a lot more enjoyable. The walks, the dinners, the lunches and the labmeetings were all amazing experiences. Thank you all. Agradeço também ao meu coorientador, Prof. Dr. Carlos Fernandes da Silva, pelo apoio, incentivo e expertise. A minha paixão pela psicologia forense foi alimentada por si, desde cedo, e é por tê-lo como referência que trabalho com o objetivo de contribuir para o crescimento da psicologia experimental forense. Obrigada pelas partilhas e pelo apoio x Agradecimentos em alguns dos momentos mais difíceis deste percurso (não só de doutoramento, mas anterior ao mesmojá são quase 10 anos de vivências!). Agradeço à minha companheira de luta, Jacqueline Ferreira, por tudo aquilo que vivemos. Obrigada por teres aturado o meu mau-humor, por teres sido uma das experimentadoras do nosewitness, por termos trabalhado em mais de 13 estudos lado a lado, pelas palavras amigas nos momentos certos, pelos passeios que fizemos para desanuviar dos dias em que perdíamos o norte… Enfim, por tudo. É uma amizade para a vida. Um especial agradecimento à Marta Rocha, à Elisa Pinto, à Liliana Costa e à Sara Morgado por terem feito parte de alguns estudos do testemunho olfativo. Desejo a todas um futuro risonho e de sucesso! À Marta e à Sara um beijinho especial por termos partilhado tantas vivências e por termos aprendido tanto umas com as outras. Também não posso deixar de agrader à Daniela Valente pela participação ativa em alguns destes estudos, à Luciana Correia e ao João Paulo Silva (meu tio), pelo apoio prestado na fase final das recolhas. Obrigada por me terem ajudado a minimizar o desespero! Não posso deixar de agradecer a todos os dadores e participantes que se voluntariaram para participar neste projeto. Foram mais de 750! A todos, o meu MUITO OBRIGADA! Agradeço também a todos os (meus) alunos que, de forma incansável, me desafiaram e me fizeram crescer, enquanto docente e enquanto investigadora. Um beijinho em cada um de vocês. Sejam bons estudantes e tornem-se em profissionais de excelência! Obrigada aos meus colegas e amigos -

Ergenlik biyo-psiko-sosyal gelisimin cok hizli oldugu cocukluk ve yetiskinlik arasinda gelisimsel zorlanmalarin siklikla yasandigi kaotik bir surectir. Cinselli-gin yogun olarak hissedilmeye baslandigi, cinsellige karsi yogun ilgi ve merakin olustugu ve cinsel durtulerin kontrol edilmesinde gucluklerin yasandigi ergenlik donemi cinsel suc davranisi acisindan riskli bir donemdir. Bu calismada ergenlik doneminde gorulen cinsel suc davranisinin ortaya cikmasinda hangi faktorlerin etkili oldugu arastirilmak istenmektedir. Bu amacla cinsel suc nedeniyle hukum giymis ergenlerle genis gorusmeler yapilarak cocugun suc davranisinda etkili olabilecegi dusunulen cevresel, kulturel, bireysel ve bilissel faktorler degerlendi-rilmistir.  Calisma grubu cinsel suctan hukumlu bulunan 15-17 yas araliginda 50 erkek er-gen ile herhangi bir suc kaydi olmayan 15-17 yas araliginda 50 erkek ergenden olusmaktadir. Katilimcilara arastirmaci tarafindan hazirlanan gorusme formu, duygu duzenlemede guclukler olc...

Objective: In this study, it is aimed to investigate locus of control differences between men and women in Turkish society and the relationship of locus of control to self-esteem and sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale and sociodemographic data forms were applied to 272 (62,1% female) people aged between 18-65. Data were collected from volunteers using online survey system reached via e-mail and social media. Results: 169 female (mean age = 1,01±7,72) and 103 male (mean age = 35,23±10,29) participants were involved in the study. Mean age of female participants were lower than male participants, but income and education levels were similar. Mean score of Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control Scale of women (11,83 ± 4,55) were higher than men (10,08 ± 4,82), suggesting women were more external than men in terms of locus of control. Means of Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale scores were similar among female and male participants. Only a weak relationship is found between participants' self-esteem and locus of control. Moreover, we found weak negative relationships between Rotter's Internal-External Locus

This paper presents a model of dynamic cognition. That model is humanly produced in the first section. The second section is the A.I. answer to the command to explain how attitudes and values work in cognition, as a comparison to the Buch’s The Dynamic of Cognition Model. The last section of the paper is a bibliography of readings on the subject.

Adolescence is a developmental period characterized by significant changes and developmental gains across
various domains. However, some adolescents experience adjustment challenges and behavioral problems that
adversely affect themselves and those around them. Behavioral issues are commonly categorized using Achenbach
and Edelbrock’s dual classification system, which divides them into internalizing and externalizing problems.
According to this classification, internalizing problems involve over-controlled behaviors including suppressed
emotions, shyness, anxiety, and certain personality disorders, whereas externalizing problems involve under
controlled behaviors such as aggression, hyperactivity, and conduct disorders. This study examines internalizing
behavioral problems during adolescence and focusing on associated risk factors across biological, individual, and
contextual factors. Findings indicate that the prevalence of internalizing problems varies based on the specific
conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety) and the geographical region. Notably, most research emphasizes an
internalizing problem rather than exploring them comprehensively across different factors. This gap highlights
the need for further studies addressing internalizing behavioral problems during adolescence in both national and
international contexts.

The intellectual act of imposing borders to contain and delimit objects has been a constituent factor in physics since its origins, and is also fundamental for philosophical reflection. However, the characteristics of the conceptual universe thus constructed (tendency towards the ideal limit, invariance in variation, a conception of matter as residue, etc.) seem inadequate in biology. The essential characteristic of the living thing is, in fact, that of having a history: that is, of being the concrete trace of a memory. Making an epistemology of the living thing (and not of the inert) means identifying new categories which, being radically antithetical to disembodied notions like that of program and information, take account of the unpredictability and creativity which time introduces. This essay aims to bring some of these fundamental categories into focus. 1. The Line and the Idea In mathematics the notion of “structure” is central. Consider for example the notion of line. The lin...

Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de licenciada em Psicologia, ramo Clínica, sob a orientação da Prof. Doutora Inês Gomes. v RESUMO A fluência verbal é uma tarefa cognitiva complexa que envolve processos linguísticos, mnésicos e executivos que, de forma directa ou indirecta, dependem do bom funcionamento do lobo frontal e das regiões subcorticais a ele associadas. Como a Doença de Parkinson (DP) implica um comprometimento destas regiões, observa-se uma diminuição de desempenho nas tarefas de fluência verbal. Desta forma, tais tarefas têm-se revelado boas indicadoras de disfunção cerebral e, mais especificamente, têm-se mostrado sensíveis a alterações da doença e bons preditores de demência. O presente estudo tem como objectivo geral avaliar se a fluência verbal na Doença de Parkinson se encontra diminuída em estádios iniciais da doença (estádios II e III na Escala de Hoehn & Yahr). Concretamente, participaram 40 sujeitos, metade com DP e a outra metade sem DP. Nenhum dos participantes apresentava defeito cognitivo, nem diferiam quanto a níveis de ansiedade e depressão. A avaliação da fluência verbal foi feita através de três provas de fluência verbal semântica (animais, nomes de pessoas e artigos de comer) e três provas de fluência verbal fonémica (letras P, R e M). Os resultados observados evidenciaram que os sujeitos com DP apresentaram uma fluência verbal total inferior aos sujeitos sem doença. Contudo, quer para a fluência verbal fonémica, quer para a fluência verbal semântica, não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Relativamente às repetições, os sujeitos com DP proferiram-nas em maior número, comparativamente com os sujeitos sem DP, sendo as diferenças significativas apenas para a tarefa de fluência verbal fonémica. No que diz respeito ao grupo com DP, não se verificaram diferenças significativas entre os estádios II e III nas provas de fluência verbal. No seu conjunto, os resultados obtidos sugerem que nos estádios iniciais de DP, e na ausência de demência, não se verificam efectivas alterações a nível da fluência verbal, tornando-se necessária a condução de futuros estudos para elucidar melhor esta questão. vi A alma é divina e a obra é imperfeita. Este padrão sinala ao vento e aos céus Que, da obra sonhada, é minha a parte feita: O por-fazer é só com Deus. Fernando Pessoa vii AGRADECIMENTOS À Prof. Doutora Inês Gomes por todo o tempo que me dispensou, por toda a atenção e paciência e pelos importantes ensinamentos que me transmitiu. Professora, só com a sua excelente orientação é que se tornou possível a realização deste trabalho e a tão importante conclusão deste curso. OBRIGADA! À Dr.ª Joana Pais por me ter proporcionado a fundamental componente prática do curso, por toda a ajuda disponibilizada para este estudo e, acima de tudo, pela confiança e pelas oportunidades que me tem concedido. À Universidade Fernando Pessoa por me ter proporcionado o melhor para que pudesse, com sucesso, terminar este curso superior. Em especial, agradeço a todos os meus professores pela dedicação, pela competência e pelo saber transmitido. Ao Hospital S. Sebastião por ter autorizado e facilitado a realização do presente estudo. Aos meus queridos pais, por todo o amor, carinho, dedicação e paciência. Realizei o vosso sonho! Realizei o meu sonho! Obrigada por tudo o que fizeram por mim! Obrigada por terem feito de mim quem sou! Obrigada por serem assim! Às minhas amigas Cláudia, Fi, Ana (Hugo incluído), Diana e Sara pelos cinco anos de aventuras e desventuras. Nada poderá apagar os inesquecíveis momentos de diversão pelos quais passámos, nem o precioso apoio nos piores momentos da minha vida. Obrigada pela vossa sempre presente amizade! A todos os meus colegas de curso que, de forma directa ou indirecta, acabaram por contribuir positivamente para o sucesso da minha formação. À Teresa e à D. Aida pelo carinho com que sempre me receberam e pelo apoio (e almoços) que me deram.

This study aims to investigate the convergence of neural trauma, gendered oppression and memory in Toni Morrison’s Beloved through the perspective of neuro-feminism. Bridging feminist critiques of neuroscience with trauma theory, the research assesses the cognitive and psychological effects of slavery on enslaved women, specifically Sethe and Denver in Beloved. This research analyzes the novel’s nonlinear narrative structure and the characters’ psychological struggles in light of the traumatic neurological mechanisms, such as memory fragmentation, dissociation, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It also asks how gendered oppression exacerbates neural trauma, hindering agency and entrenching systemic violence against Black women. The idea of neuroplasticity is  also touched on, with the interpersonal aspects of cognitive resilience and emotional repair developed into a model of communal storytelling and kinship. At the same time, this interrogation — through the lens of neurofeminism — reconsiders the often cognitive-centric neuroscientific paradigms that, at times, beyond the bounds of historical context, have acted as if trauma could be understood independent of the sociopolitical context in which its constituents developed. This study concludes that Morrison’s Beloved is a great literary meditation on the neurological traumas of enslavement and the agony toward selfhood and healing.

Memori berperan penting dalam proses belajar, dan teknik mnemonik terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkannya melalui asosiasi mental seperti gambar dan akronim. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi efektivitas latihan mnemonik pada mahasiswa Fakultas Psikologi Universitas X menggunakan desain eksperimen dengan kelompok kontrol. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kelompok eksperimen mengalami peningkatan daya ingat yang signifikan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Temuan ini mendukung Teori Dual Coding dan chunking, yang memperkuat retensi informasi melalui jalur visual dan verbal. Kesimpulannya, teknik mnemonik dapat diterapkan dalam pendidikan untuk meningkatkan daya ingat mahasiswa.

The Socratic method, a form of teaching and learning developed by Greek Philosopher Socrates, who is often regarded as the first teacher in Western philosophy, has been adapted as a powerful therapeutic discourse in modern mental health treatments, particularly in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). This method involves the use of guided questioning to help individuals examine and challenge maladaptive thoughts and beliefs. Through open-ended and reflective questions, therapists encourage clients to engage in self-reflection, promoting greater self-awareness and cognitive restructuring. This method has proven effective in treating a variety of mental health disorders, including depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Furthermore, the Socratic method enhances emotional regulation by encouraging individuals to critically assess the thoughts that trigger intense emotional reactions, thereby promoting healthier coping strategies. The collaborative nature of this method empowers clients, fostering a sense of autonomy and resilience in their mental health journey. The study employed analytical method of philosophy which is a rigorous approach that emphasizes clarity, logical structure, and precision in examining philosophical concepts and problems.

This article explores the hypothesis that some cases of dementia may be a psychological defense mechanism rather than a neurodegenerative disease. It suggests that the intense emotional distress associated with aging—such as grief, loss of purpose, and societal neglect—may lead to dissociative symptoms resembling dementia. The concept of "dissociative dementia" is introduced, drawing parallels to conditions like Depressive Pseudodementia and Dissociative Fugue, where psychological factors cause cognitive decline that can sometimes be reversed. The article critiques the medical model of dementia for focusing solely on neurological causes while overlooking psychosocial factors. It argues that some elderly individuals may be misdiagnosed with dementia when, in fact, they are withdrawing into the past as a coping mechanism. This perspective raises ethical concerns about long-term care and suggests that trauma-informed therapy could benefit some individuals labeled as having dementia. A more holistic understanding of aging, incorporating psychological well-being, could improve diagnoses and care for the elderly.

We report the results of a pre-registered, cluster randomized controlled trial of a mathematics learning intervention known as interleaved practice. Whereas most mathematics assignments consist of a block of problems devoted to the same skill or concept, an interleaved assignment is arranged so that no two consecutive problems require the same strategy. Previous smallscale studies found that practice assignments with a greater proportion of interleaved practice produced higher test scores. In the present study, we assessed the efficacy and feasibility of interleaved practice in a naturalistic setting with a large, diverse sample. Each of 54 seventhgrade mathematics classes periodically completed interleaved or blocked assignments over a period of four months, and then both groups completed an interleaved review assignment. One month later, students took an unannounced test, and the interleaved group outscored the blocked group, 61% vs. 38%, d = 0.83. Teachers were able to implement the intervention without training, and they later expressed support for interleaved practice in an anonymous survey they completed before they knew the results of the study. Although important caveats remain, the results suggest that interleaved mathematics practice is effective and feasible. Every school day, many millions of mathematics students complete a set of practice problems that can be solved with the same strategy, such as adding fractions by finding a common denominator. In an alternative approach known as interleaved practice, practice problems are arranged so that no two consecutive problems can be solved by the same strategy, and this approach forces students to choose an appropriate strategy for each problem on the basis of the problem itself. We conducted a large randomized classroom study and found that a greater emphasis on interleaved practice dramatically improved test scores.

Cognitive style, stress, and academic success should be carefully examined in order to improve educational processes and difficulties of students at higher stages. On stress levels, academic performance, and other various demographic variables, cognitive styles, however, have varying consequences. This article examines the statistics on the correlation between learners' cognitive styles and other demographic factors. The researchers focused primarily on the effects of cognitive styles on stress levels, gender, location, stream, family status, and coping and learning techniques. Most often, post-facto and experimental research designs are used. Most researchers collect samples that are greater than 100 or 300, and they use standardised tools like the Cognitive Style Inventory, the Kirton Adaptation Inventory, and the Learning Styles Inventory to gather data. The data is analyzed through mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, correlation methods and chi-square. The results indic...

This study investigated the vocabulary learning strategy used by 11 th grade students at Minh Khai High School and reported the results of gender differences in the use of vocabulary learning strategy. In the current study, the strategies are studied through a survey including questionnaire administered to 253 students at 11 grade in Minh Khai High School and interviews among 8 students picked out from the participants. It was followed by calculating the descriptive statistics on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS) and running a T-test, the study tried to examine if there is any difference in the male and female use of these strategies or not. In addition, the results revealed the most and least frequent used vocabulary learning strategies by the respondents. The study observed “ taking notes in class” and “studying sounds of words” were the strategies which language learners most often use to find the meanings of new

iii iv KATAPENGANTAR Salah satu usaha memasyarakatkan pemakaian bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar adalah kegiatan penyuluhan bahasa. Dengan kegiatan itu, diharapkan para pemakai bahasa Indonesia yang menjadi pesertanya dapat memperoleh bekal untuk menumbuhkan sikap berbahasa yang positif dan meningkatkan -keterampilan berbahasanya. Keberhasilan kegiatan penyuluhan itu dipengaruhi juga oleh keterampilan penyuluh dan bahan sl:l.Iuhan, di samping hal-hal lain. Untuk memenuhi keperluan penyuluh akan bahan suluhan agar ada kesamaan pandangan kebahasaan, diterbitkanlah Seri Penyu fulton ini. Seri ini mencakupi bahan ejaan, peristilahan, bentuk dan pilihan kata, kalimat. komposisi, serta surat-menyurat. Seri Penyu[ulton; EjlJiln daltzm Bahasa Indonesia ini disusun oleh Drs. Lukman Hakim. Drs. Zai:nal Arifin, dan Dr. Yayah B. Lumintaintang. Kepada tim penyusun itu kami ucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya. lsi buku ini berupa uraian penjelasan dan pertanyaan sebagai bahan tes. Bahan itu diperkirakan sesuai dengan keperluan penyuhihan bagi pemakai bahasa dengan latar pendidikan atau pengalaman sebagai pegawai golongan II. Pemakaian bahan ini untuk keperluan penyuluhan bagi tingkat (golongan) lain, tentu saja memerlukan pengubahan dan penyesuaian di sana-sini. Me mang, pada dasarnya, bahan ini tidaklah merupakan bahan yang siap disajikan di depan peserta, seperti apa adanya. Keterampilan dan kemampuan memilih kiat menyuluh para penyuluh bahasa tetap diperlukan. Mudah-mudahan Seri Penyuluhan ini dapat memberi manfaat bagi pemakainya.

Cuprins
1 Ce este antrenament cognitiv?
2 Cui i se adresează antrenamentul cognitiv?
3 Recomandări ale antrenamentului cognitiv pentru copii
4 Resurse și suport pentru pacienți
5 Recomandări ale antrenamentului cognitiv pentru adulți
5.1 Antrenamentul cognitiv pentru adulții sănătoși
5.2 Antrenamentul cognitiv pentru adulții cu probleme de sănătate
6 Rolul NADH în susținerea abilităților cognitive
7 Concluzii
8 Referințe

Tapeçaria de luz laser, interactiva que mistura escultura, arquitectura, instalação e performance. O "tear" designado para urdir este "tecido" utiliza o principio da reflexão múltipla, produzindo uma trama visual, cuja aparência é modificada pela movimentação da audiência, que ao participar nesta experiência artística colaborativa, se torna co-criadora da obra. Obra de arte interactiva analógica, que não utilizou processamento digital, mas que, se apresentou como nova configuração óptica e ambiental, bem como referência da arte contemporânea pós digital. Computar sem computador, e calcular mais rápido do que o computador, apresentou-se como hipótese contrastante e de teor crítico à sociedade computadorizada e digitalizada da actualidade.

This paper seeks the construction of a narrative about the sculptural production of Jose Carlos Villar, aiming another hermeneutic friction, centered in the environmental context that inscribes the subject visual artist. We believe that this way we can provide, in theory, a new reading about these configurations, that can keep away them from their immediate relation with the Minimalist Art, which is taken as the first reference that these images elicit.

This research paper delves into the comparison between the Indian Accounting Standards and the Forensic Accounting Investigation Standards. Both frameworks are essential to maintaining transparency and accountability in financial reporting, but they serve different purposes. While the ICAI standards focus on ensuring consistent financial reporting practices, forensic accounting standards are designed to uncover and investigate financial fraud. The paper aims to explore the differences and similarities between these two sets of standards and examine the potential for integrating forensic accounting techniques into traditional accounting practices.

This phenomenological analysis defines consciousness as the interpretation of the human experience of time. As our embodied existence in the world unfolds over time, consciousness integrates our multisensory experiences of the past, the present, and the future, and generates our evolving sense of self and identity. This approach is consistent with the main features of predictive coding and the free energy principle and offers a functional definition of consciousness that resolves the hard problem by bridging the explanatory gap.