Development Economics

Contemporary theorizations of neoliberalism are framed by a false dichotomy between, on the one hand, studies influenced by Foucault in emphasizing neoliberalism as a form of governmentality, and on the other hand, inquiries influenced by Marx in foregrounding neoliberalism as a hegemonic ideology. This article seeks to shine some light on this division in an effort to open up new debates and recast existing ones in such a way that might lead to more flexible understandings of neoliberalism as a discourse. A discourse approach moves theorizations forward by recognizing neoliberalism is neither a ‘top down’ nor ‘bottom up’ phenomena, but rather a circuitous process of socio-spatial transformation.

We are living in a complex and dynamic world in which innovation and entrepreneurship are occupying a decisive role for economic development. According to Joseph Alois Schumpeter "carrying out innovations is the only function which is fundamental in history". He also accented that It is entrepreneurship that "replaces today's Pareto optimum with tomorrow's different new thing". Schumpeter's words that entrepreneurship is innovation have never seemed so appropriate as the nowadays, when modern capitalism is experiencing a serious crisis and lost his strength during last subprime and euro-debt crises. The purpose of this paper is the analysis of the Schumpeter's innovation concept in a context of "first" and "second" Entrepreneurship theory.

The Routledge Handbook of Neoliberalism seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of the phenomenon of neoliberalism by examining the range of ways that it has been theorized, promoted, critiqued, and put into practice in a variety of geographical locations and institutional frameworks. Neoliberalism is easily one of the most powerful discourses to emerge within the social sciences in the last two decades, and the number of scholars who write about this dynamic and unfolding process of socio-spatial transformation is astonishing. Even more surprising though is that there has, until now, not been an attempt to provide a wide-ranging volume that engages with the multiple registers in which neoliberalism has evolved. The Handbook of Neoliberalism accordingly serves as an essential guide to this vast intellectual landscape. With proposed contributions from over 50 leading authors, the Handbook of Neoliberalism will offer a systematic overview of neoliberalism’s origins, political implications, social tensions, spaces, natures and environments, and aftermaths in addressing ongoing and emerging debates. Numerous books have been published on neoliberalism, including important edited volumes, but none of these contributions have attempted to bring the diverse scope and wide-ranging coverage that we plan to incorporate here. Most of the edited volumes and monographs on neoliberalism that have been published to date have a very specific thematic focus, either on particular empirical case studies, or alternatively attempt to wrestle with a specific theoretical concern. In contrast, the Routledge Handbook of Neoliberalism aims to provide the first comprehensive overview of the field.

With authors working at institutions around the world, the Handbook of Neoliberalism will offer a thorough examination of how neoliberalism is understood by social scientists working from diverse disciplinary backgrounds. Our goal is to advance the established and emergent debates in a field that has grown exponentially over the past two decades, coinciding with the meteoric rise of neoliberalism as a hegemonic ideology, state form, policy and program, and governmentality. In short, the Handbook of Neoliberalism will intervene by both outlining how theorizations of neoliberalism have evolved and by exploring new research agendas that we hope will inform policy making and activism. The Handbook of Neoliberalism will include a substantive introductory chapter and seven main thematic sections. By presenting a comprehensive examination of the field, this edited volume will serve as an invaluable resource for undergraduates, graduate students, and professional scholars alike. We envision the book as both a teaching guide and a reference for human geographers, anthropologists, sociologists, political scientists, heterodox economists, and others working on questions of neoliberalism and its multifarious effects.

This article demonstrates historically and statistically that conversionary Protestants (CPs) heavily influenced the rise and spread of stable democracy around the world. It argues that CPs were a crucial catalyst initiating the development and spread of religious liberty, mass education, mass printing, newspapers, voluntary organizations, and colonial reforms, thereby creating the conditions that made stable democracy more likely. Statistically, the historic prevalence of Protestant missionaries explains about half the variation in democracy in Africa, Asia, Latin America and Oceania and removes the impact of most variables that dominate current statistical research about democracy. The association between Protestant missions and democracy is consistent in different continents and subsamples, and it is robust to more than 50 controls and to instrumental variable analyses.

The Philippine government implemented the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) and patterned it after Latin American conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs, with the goals of poverty reduction and social development. With the insufficiency of research focusing on the 4Ps’ indirect effects, the program’s social impact remains unknown. Since the beneficiaries receive cash transfers from the government, they might be obliged to reciprocate their actions through civic engagement activities. In this study, civic engagement is defined as the overall activeness of citizens to work and positively impact their lives through participation in political and communal activities. Using propensity score matching, the researchers found that beneficiaries of the 4Ps tend to vote and participate in organizations more than the non-beneficiaries. However, this is accounted mostly to Luzon. Moreover, the study concluded that the 4Ps alone is not sufficient to improve civic engagement outcomes as they are also dependent on other factors which include, but are not limited to: geographical location, educational attainment and employment status, cultural diversity and uniqueness of organizations.

Kawasan kota di berbagai wilayah di dunia saat ini tengah mengalami peningkatan yang sangat pesat. Hal ini terjadi sejak era 1980-an hingga 2010-an (Pawitro, Udjianto: 2013). Pembangunan kawasan perkotaan harus selaras dan mampu meningkatkan pula aspek ekonomi agar dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakatnya. Oleh karena itu pembangunan suatu wilayah tidak dapat terlepas dari aspek ekonomi. Aspek ekonomi suatu wilayah penting untuk dipelajari karena berkaitan dengan kesejahteraan masyarakatnya dan kelancaran pembangunan di daerah tersebut.

This paper presents recent research on access to finance by small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs). SMEs form a large part of private sector in many developed and developing countries. While cross-country research sheds doubt on a causal link between SMEs and economic development, there is substantial evidence that small firms face larger growth constraints and have less access to formal sources of external finance, potentially explaining the lack of SMEs' contribution to growth. Financial and institutional development helps alleviate SMEs' growth constraints and increase their access to external finance and thus levels the playing field between firms of different sizes. Specific financing tools such as leasing and factoring can be useful in facilitating greater access to finance even in the absence of well-developed institutions, as can systems of credit information sharing and a more competitive banking structure.

The study tells that the entrepreneur acts as a trigger head to give spark to economic activities by his entrepreneurial decisions. He plays a pivotal role not only in the development of industrial sector of a country but also in the development of farm and service sector. Entrepreneurs are like gamblers, and like any gambler, their chances of winning increase if they have the right cards. The role of entrepreneurship in economic development varies from economy to economy depending upon its material resources, industrial climate and the responsiveness of the political system to the entrepreneurial function .Path breaking offerings by entrepreneurs, in the form of new goods & services, result in new employment, which can produce a cascading effect or virtuous circle in the economy .If we understand the benefits and drawbacks, a balanced approach to nurturing entrepreneurship will definitely result in a positive impact on economy and society.

The task of studying the impact of social class on physical and mental health involves, among other things, the use of a conceptual toolbox that defines what social class is, establishes how to measure it, and sets criteria that help distinguish it from closely related concepts. One field that has recently witnessed a wealth of theoretical and conceptual research on social class is psychology, but geographers' and sociologists' attitude of diffidence toward this " positivistic " discipline has prevented them from taking advantage of this body of scholarship. This paper aims to highlight some of the most important developments in the psychological study of social class and social mobility that speak to the long-standing concerns of health geographers and sociologists with how social position, perceptions, social comparisons, and class-based identities impact health and well-being.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.11.037

The paper aims to reveal one integrated global map which points out the major geographical inequalities in providing basic utilities across the countries using multivariate analysis and thematic cartography. Sixteen indicators with global coverage were selected taking into account the waste collection services, sanitation facilities, drinking water sources, energy, electricity, habitat and demographic conditions. Several data are broken down for the total, urban and rural population in order to outline the rural-urban disparities between and within countries. A special focus is given to waste collection coverage, in order to compute a comprehensive global assessment of this key indicator of public health, which is one of the poorest monitored basic utility. The world countries were divided into 10 classes according to the hierarchical cluster analysis. Each class has particular features outlining the gaps between high, middle and low-income countries with direct impact on quality of life, public health, and environment.

The 7,107 islands of the Philippines make it one of the most frequently visited places by tourists in Asia and the Pacific. This paper attempted to review existing literatures on how ecotourism serves as a strategy for nation building, as well as establish the need for more conscious efforts to make its contributions sustainable.

You can buy it for 15 dollars at AbeBooks (they ship worldwide):  https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=30337321496&searchurl=kn%3Dpluriverse%2Bdictionary%26sortby%3D17&cm_sp=snippet-_-srp1-_-title1
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"Pluriverse: A Post-Development Dictionary" is a stimulating collection of over 100 essays on transformative alternatives to the currently dominant processes of globalized development, including its structural roots in modernity, capitalism, state domination, and masculinist values. In the post-development imagination, 'development' would no longer be the organizing principle of social life. The book presents worldviews and practices from around the world in a collective search for an ecologically wise and socially just world. It also offers critical essays on a number of false solutions that those in power are proposing in an attempt to 'greenwash' development. The 120+ contributors to the volume include activists, academics, and practitioners, with a wealth of experience in their respective fields of engagement.

The book focuses on the conceptualisation and practice of radical alternatives to ‘development’. It also challenges mainstream or superficial solutions to global crises, including ‘green economy’ and ‘sustainable development’. What has been missing is a broad transcultural compilation of concrete concepts, worldviews and practices from around the world, challenging the modernist ontology of universalism in favour of a multiplicity of possible worlds. This is what it means to call for a pluriverse.

The book follows the structure of an encyclopedia, with short 1000-word entries for each of the key terms. The entries are written by invited authors. In the list of authors you might recognize Vandana Shiva, Serge Latouche, Wolfgang Sachs, Silvia Federici, Nnimmo Bassey, Gustavo Esteva, Katherine Gibson, Maristella Svampa and many more.

FOR BUYING THE BOOK at a discounted rate, please get directly in touch with our publisher AUF at info@authorsupfront.com: https://www.authorsupfront.com/pluriverse.htm

Publisher: Authors Up Front (self-publishing platform for the creative community; Delhi, India). See: http://authorsupfront.com/

License: Creative Commons

EDITORS

Ashish Kothari is with Kalpavriksh and Vikalp Sangam in India, and co-editor of Alternative Futures: India Unshackled.

Ariel Salleh is an Australian scholar-activist, author of Ecofeminism as Politics and editor of Eco-Sufficiency and Global Justice.

Arturo Escobar teaches at University of North Carolina, and is author of Encountering Development.

Federico Demaria is with Autonomous University of Barcelona, and co-editor of Degrowth: A Vocubalary for a New Era.

Alberto Acosta is an Ecuadorian economist and activist, and former President of the Constituent Assembly of Ecuador.

This paper took a study of Nigeria's growing unemployment situation and how it increasingly dwindles the potentials of the country, especially following official figures from the Bureau of statistics that puts the figure at about 20% (about 30million), which still did not include about 40million other Nigerian youths captured in World Bank statistics in 2009. By implication, it means that out of the 150 million Nigerians, 50% are unemployed, or worse still, at least 71% of Nigerian youths are unemployed. These days, employment creation is no longer the prerogative of government but, a joint effort between the public and private sectors. It is in this regard that this paper seeks a permanent solution to this endemic and pandemic phenomenon in Entrepreneurship development. In doing so, the paper is divided into eight segments, covering the background of the study, literature review and theoretical discourse on entrepreneurship development in Nigeria and its potency in employment generation as well as its problems and prospects. At the end of the study, having utilized the secondary source of data generation to source data for the paper, relying extensively on current articles from ardent scholars on entrepreneurship development and government statistical documentations, the paper made several findings and recommendations among which is that government should make entrepreneurship sellable to the people by inculcating it into the educational curriculum at every strata of the educational sector and also utilize a re-modeled NYSC scheme to educate the youths more on the importance, essence and need for entrepreneurship development especially on a practical basis and then find a means of supporting these entrepreneurship projects cutting across all spheres of the country; and also create enabling environment for entrepreneurship to thrive by ensuring social security and adequate infrastructural facilities.

Calvert K and Simandan D (2010) Energy, space, and society: a reassessment of the changing landscape of energy production, distribution, and use Journal of Economics and Business Research XVI(1), pp. 13-37.
ABSTRACT: While geography has always mattered for the energy sector, the relative effects of location and distance on the economics of energy regimes are increasing as we begin to deploy more renewable energy technologies. This reintroduction of the friction of distance is leading to an energy landscape that is far different from fossil-based regimes. The new energy paradigm, based as it is upon the physics and the economics of renewable energy, is being reflected in the landscape as distributed, decentralized, and diversified patterns of energy generation. Because the increased use of renewable energy technologies is beginning to change the spatial patterns of political and socioeconomic activities, a thorough understanding of these patterns is crucial to increasing the socio-political acceptability of new technologies and to avoiding the socially costly unintended consequences of policy and investment decisions.  This paper proposes a theoretical foundation upon which economists and economic geographers could scaffold their analyses of the spatial characteristics of the economics of energy use.  To this end, we bring together two complementary conceptualizations of economic geography: firstly, as the study of the effects of location and distance on energy economics, and secondly, as the study of the ways in which political, economic, and technological energy-related practices give rise to particular spatial patterns of socio-economic welfare. We end the paper by developing the concept of energy rationality and showing how it relates to discussions of metarationality, common sense, and wisdom.

The main purpose of this study is to measure the relationship between macroeconomic variables and the housing price. This paper examines empirically whether the increasing trend in the Malaysian housing price is related to changes in the gross domestic product (GDP), population, inflations rate, costs of construction, interest rate and real property gains tax (RPGT). The paper is exploratory in nature. The empirical data were collected from Valuation and Property Services Department of the Ministry of Finance Malaysia from 2001 to 2010. The paper provides empirical results that the gross domestic product (GDP), population and RPGT are the key determinants of housing prices. However, changes in housing prices may not necessarily be influenced by the gross domestic products (GDP), population and RPGT in Malaysia. The general finding of this paper strongly suggests that housing bubbles in the Malaysian residential property market are becoming bigger and stronger. The paper is useful for speculators, investors and buyers to know which factors to account for in housing investment decision. This paper can serve as a guide for the government in stabilizing the residential housing price in Malaysia.

Economic development theorists over the last few centuries have developed models for explaining the “undeveloped-ness” of countries in the third world.  From Durkheim to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), we have, time after time, come to witness the rise and fall of development theories and their explanations for the predicament that many poor countries face.  Dependency theory has (more so than others) lasted a great deal of time in the framework of the international sphere in terms of presenting a model in which development and “underdevelopment” can be assessed.  Recently, however, dependency theory has come under fire, and reliance on its application to developing countries is waning due in part to the “East Asian Miracle” and developing economies in India.  It is my belief that the dependency model is still relevant in explaining today’s world, especially in Latin America.  In this paper, it is my goal to analyze dependency theory while simultaneously using Andre Gunder Frank’s seminal work, The Development of Underdevelopment, and key present day sources, to examine the importance of dependency theory in the 21st century in Latin America.

The COVID-19 pandemic has pushed digitalization and digitization across all industry sectors and blockchain is considered an innovative frontrunning technology with regards to applicability and usability in these challenging times. Blockchain technology has enabled access, through the process of tokenization, to assets that, until now, could not be traded quickly and easily. Tokenization is one of the cornerstones of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) and a native functionality of multiple blockchain architectures. The properties and features of a token unlocks a variety of economic possibilities, besides the main function of using it as fuel for the network itself. A basic definition of a token refers to a digital asset that is created, issued and managed on a Blockchain or Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) infrastructure, and is designed to be highly secure with an instant transferability property. With the advancement of smart contracts, some built-in functionalities have been developed and programmed, which helped push the tokenization process to new heights. From real estate security tokens that represent fractionalized properties to platformspecific tokens that incentivize the use of a particular application, tokens have emerged as a secure and digital alternative for users across the world to access, trade and store value. The Content Creators and Art industry is going through a paradigm shift with the introduction of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), as the space is acquiring a large number or artists hoping to capitalize on the innovation and distribution power that blockchain technology is offering. What digitization first removed from art, blockchain is trying to bring it back, reshaping the art world with viable tools for provenance, authenticity and distribution. In this paper we will assess the innovative approach of NFTs in different sectors, with an in-depth analysis of their usability and impact. We will be focusing on the features of NFTs to ensure scarcity, traceability and proof of ownership, amongst the most essential properties needed to create, store and maintain the value of an asset.

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment management (E-waste or WEEE) is a crucial issue in the solid waste management sector with global interconnections between well-developed, transitional and developing countries. Consumption society and addiction to technology dictate the daily life in high and middle-income countries where population consumes large amounts of EEE products (electrical and electronic equipment) which sooner become e-waste. This fraction is a fast-growing waste stream which needs special treatment and management due to the toxic potential of public health and environment. On the other hand, the e-waste contains valuable materials which may be recovered (precious metals, Cu) reused and recycled (metals, plastics) by various industries mitigating the consumption of natural resources. The new challenge of e-waste management system is to shift the paradigm from a toxic pollution source to a viable resource in the context of sustainable development.

Cooperative Finance in Developing Economies contains papers from notable members of the academia from four continents - Africa, Asia, Europe and North America.  Specifically, twenty nine authors from nine countries namely Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Nigeria, Senegal, Spain, United Kingdom and Vietnam contributed to this work.

The book covers both the theoretical and empirical research in different areas of Cooperative and Microfinance arrangement which include but not limited to the following: Capital formation and loan administration, Corporate governance, Country comparison and analysis, Financial intermediation and social capital, Financial sustainability, Impact assessment and evaluation, Integration into formal financial system, Management and members – relationship and conflict, Micro and small scale enterprise development, Poverty reduction and economic development, Products and services delivery models, Regulation, policy and control, Risk management and insurance, as well as Women empowerment and gender issues.

This book makes significant contributions to current research in cooperative finance. It is also an attempt to celebrate year 2012 as the International Year of the Cooperatives as declared by the United Nations.

As the use of qualitative inquiry increases within the field of social work, researchers must consider the issue of establishing rigor in qualitative research. This article presents research procedures used in a study of autoethnographies that were written regarding the experience of being Jewish. In this project, the researchers utilized reflexivity, audit trail, triangulation by observer, peer debriefing, member check and prolonged engagement in order to manage the threats to trustworthiness as discussed by Padgett (1998). Implications of the project suggest that research procedures utilized by qualitative researchers to establish rigor are an important way to increase our confidence that the voice of the participants is heard, therefore fitting the mission of the social work profession.

Back cover text: Megaprojects and Risk provides the first detailed examination of the phenomenon of megaprojects. It is a fascinating account of how the promoters of multi-billion dollar megaprojects systematically and self-servingly misinform parliaments, the public and the media in order to get projects approved and built. It shows, in unusual depth, how the formula for approval is an unhealthy cocktail of underestimated costs, overestimated revenues, undervalued environmental impacts and overvalued economic development effects. This results in projects that are extremely risky, but where the risk is concealed from MPs, taxpayers and investors. The authors not only explore the problems but also suggest practical solutions drawing on theory, experience and hard, scientific evidence from the several hundred projects in twenty nations and five continents that illustrate the book. Accessibly written, it will be the standard reference for students, scholars, planners, economists, auditors, politicians and interested citizens for many years to come.

In this paper we argue that the use of the communicative theory of Jürgen Habermas in planning theory is problematic because it hampers an understanding of how power shapes planning. We posit an alternative approach based on the power analytics of Michel Foucault which focuses on ‘what is actually done’, as opposed to Habermas’s focus on ‘what should be done’. We discuss how the Foucauldian stance problematises planning, asking difficult questions about the treatment of legitimacy, rationality, knowledge and spatiality. We conclude that Foucault offers a type of analytic planning theory which offers better prospects than does Habermas for those interested in understanding and bringing about democratic social change through planning.

Buku ini merupakan hasil pemikiran dan/atau hasil penelitian dosen beserta mahasiswa sebagai pengampu mata kuliah untuk Program Studi Manajemen Ekonomi Publik yang berbasis kepada studi literatur dan dokumentasi yang dilakukan secara bertahap. Berbagai studi kasus disampaikan dalam Kebijakan Penetapan Tarif di berbagai sektor diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi secara praktis dalam penerapan konsep dan teori yang dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif literatur yang berkualitas dalam proses pembelajaran.  Buku Referensi ini terbitan STIA LAN Bandung Press, pada akhir tahun 2012.

E-waste management is a serious challenge across developed, transition, and developing countries because of the consumer society and the globalization process. E-waste is a fast-growing waste stream which needs more attention of international organizations, governments, and local authorities in order to improve the current waste management practices. The book reveals the pollution side of this waste stream with critical implications on the environment and public health, and also it points out the resource side which must be further developed under the circular economy framework with respect to safety regulations. In this context, complicated patterns at the global scale emerge under legal and illegal e-waste trades. The linkages between developed and developing countries and key issues of e-waste management sector are further examined in the book.

Degrowth is a rejection of the illusion of growth and a call to repoliticize the public debate colonized by the idiom of economism. It is a project advocating the democratically-led shrinking of production and consumption with the aim of achieving social justice and ecological sustainability.

This overview of degrowth offers a comprehensive coverage of the main topics and major challenges of degrowth in a succinct, simple and accessible manner. In addition, it offers a set of keywords useful for intervening in current political debates and for bringing about concrete degrowth-inspired proposals at different levels - local, national and global.

The result is the most comprehensive coverage of the topic of degrowth in English and serves as the definitive international reference.

More information at: vocabulary.degrowth.org

Tags: degrowth vocabulary, PDF, Full book, Download for free, PDF, download

Estudio del proyecto MyVet Creación y planificación de centros veterinarios Estudio del proyecto MyVet 6 de Santiago de Compostela -USC-) y ejerció como profesional veterinario haciendo sustituciones como clínico veterinario de grandes animales. En 2008 cursó el Máster "Paulo Fabio" en Dirección de Recursos Humanos, en la Escuela Universitaria de Relaciones Laborales de Lugo (adscrita a la USC), y promocionó al puesto de técnico de gestión y recursos humanos en la FRC. En 2010 cursó el Master Universitario en Dirección de Empresas (MBA) en la Facultad de Administración y Dirección de Empresas (USC). Otra opción para cubrir adecuadamente este apartado consiste en incorporar el curriculum vitae del promotor, escogiendo el formato que mejor se adapte para cumplir los objetivos marcados anteriormente. Creación y planificación de centros veterinarios Estudio del proyecto MyVet 7 4.-La presentación del proyecto empresarial Este apartado seguirá el esquema siguiente: Nombre: MyVet Razón Social: MyVet, SLNEP Domicilio social:

This paper decomposes global inequality in redistribution, using data from the World Development Indicators data set of the World Bank. It finds that per capita income has a modest, yet persistent effect on redistribution. More provocatively, the paper also demonstrates that, over and beyond the impact of per capita GDP, global inequalities in redistribution over the last generation or so strongly reflect the double legacies of colonialism (improving the likelihood of redistribution in former-colonizer societies and sharply reducing it in erstwhile-colonized, recently independent societies). In addition, it also finds that the history of recent exposure to state socialism increases the presence of redistributive institutions, partly counterbalancing the effects of lower national incomes. The data have been obtained from the World Bank's online open-access data site World Development Indicators, http://data.worldbank.org.

Megaproject Planning and Management: Essential Readings contains the seminal articles from the growing body of research on megaproject planning and management along with an original introduction by the editor, Bent Flyvbjerg. The leading and most cited authority in the field, Flyvbjerg has used crowdsourcing and 25 years of experience to cherry-pick from several hundred articles and books the writings that define the field. This volume will be an indispensable source for those wishing to speak with authority about how megaprojects are prepared, delivered, and fought over. The target audience is students, academics, practitioners, and media pundits alike, as well as communities affected by megaprojects.

In this paper we characterise the propensity of big capital investments to systematically deliver poor outcomes as “fragility,” a notion suggested by Nassim Taleb. A thing or system that is easily harmed by randomness is fragile. We argue that, contrary to their appearance, big capital investments break easily — i.e. deliver negative net present value — due to various sources of uncertainty that impact them during their long gestation, implementation, and operation periods. We do not refute the existence of economies of scale and scope. Instead we argue that big capital investments have a disproportionate (non-linear) exposure to uncertainties that deliver poor or negative returns above and beyond their economies of scale and scope. We further argue that to succeed, leaders of capital projects need to carefully consider where scaling pays off and where it does not. To automatically assume that "bigger is better," which is common in megaproject management, is a recipe for failure.

There are two sides to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which appear at risk of contradiction. One calls for humanity to achieve "harmony with nature" and to protect the planet from degradation, with specific targets laid out in Goals 6, 12, 13, 14, and 15. The other calls for continued global economic growth equivalent to 3% per year, as outlined in Goal 8, as a method for achieving human development objectives. The SDGs assume that efficiency improvements will suffice to reconcile the tension between growth and ecological sustainability. This paper draws on empirical data to test whether this assumption is valid, paying particular attention to two key ecological indicators: resource use and CO2 emissions. The results show that global growth of 3% per year renders it empirically infeasible to achieve (a) any reductions in aggregate global resource use and (b) reductions in CO2 emissions rapid enough to stay within the carbon budget for 2°C. In other words, Goal 8 violates the sustainability objectives of the SDGs. The paper proposes specific changes to SDG targets in order to resolve this issue, such as removing the requirement of aggregate global growth and introducing quantified objectives for resource use per capita with substantial reductions in high-income nations. Scaling down resource use is also the most feasible way to achieve the climate target, as it reduces energy demand. The paper presents alternative pathways for realizing human development objectives that rely on reducing inequality-both within nations and between them-rather than aggregate growth.

Using objective measures of investor protections in 170 countries, I establish that the level of investor protection matters for cross-country differences in GDP growth: countries with stronger protections tend to grow faster than those with poor investor protections.

At the same time that case studies are widely used and have produced canonical texts, it may be observed that the case study as a methodology is generally held in low regard, or is simply ignored, within the academy. For example, only 2 of the 30 top-ranked U.S. graduate programs in political science require a dedicated graduate course in case study or qualitative methods, and a full third of these programs do not even offer such a course. In contrast, all of the top 30 programs offer courses in quantitative methods and almost all of them require training in such methods, often several courses. In identifying this paradox of the case study’s wide use and low regard, Gerring rightly remarks that the case study survives in a “curious methodological limbo,” and that the reason is that the method is poorly understood. In what follows, we will try to resolve Gerring’s paradox and help case study research gain wider use and acceptance.

eveloping countries have always relied on foreign assistance to enhance their economic development. The Philippines as a developing nation has been a recipient of foreign assistance from individual countries and from multilateral organizations. The study dough to establish the impact of foreign aid on the economic growth of the Philippine's the study was guided by three objectives which included to identify the types and forms of foreign aid in the Philippines; to identify the costs and benefits of foreign aid to the Philippines and to establish the factors affecting foreign aid effectiveness in the Philippines. The study was guided by the public choice and the public interests theory and also includes an empirical literature on the effectiveness of foreign aid. The researcher conducted a regression analysis of foreign aid in consistent with the economic growth of the Philippines. The OLS regression of the model yielded an adjusted R2 of .634, so 63.4% of the variation in the dependent variable is explained by the empirical model. The coefficients of all the variables except social aid have the expected signs, and all of them are significant at the 0.05 or 0.01 level. The coefficients of FDI and ODA per capita have a positive impact on GDP growth as expected. The current system of aid allocation encourages developing countries to keep their savings rate lower in order to receive more foreign aid. Donors should give the governments in these countries incentives to increase their savings by encouraging them to cut unproductive private government consumption. They should give incentives to lower corruption and implement effective policies. Donors could then reward these governments with an increasing amount of aid, if they meet all these targets of increasing savings, lowering corruption, and implementing good monetary, fiscal or trade policies.

Violent Neoliberalism explores the relationship between neoliberalism and violence through a critical poststructuralist perspective. Springer exposes the supposed humanitarianism of what has become the world's most dominant political economic model as a process of transformation that is shot through with a significant degree of cruelty. Employing a series of theoretical dialogues informed by the empirical experiences of development, discourse, and dispossession in contemporary Cambodia, Violent Neoliberalism engages as a diagnostic rupturing of commonsense to reveal the manifold ways in which ongoing patterns of neoliberalization have become engrossed with violence.

This collection of essays reviews the current state of knowledge of the convergence hypothesis, which asserts that at least a fairly restricted set of countries, the members of the "convergence club," are undergoing a process that brings their levels of productivity and living standards increasingly close to one another. The book summarizes the available empirical information and contributes a considerable amount of new evidence. It examines the patterns exhibited by individual industries in particular countries as well as the behavior of the aggregate economies of those countries and their manufacturing sectors. It reports evidence, old and new, on the influences underlying the degree of convergence that appears in fact to have occurred. It studies the role that convergence has played and promises to play in the future of the newly industrialized countries and the less developed countries. There are separate investigations of performance in earlier periods, notably that of the United States, and analytic comparisons with the record after World War II. The chapters are about equally divided in focusing on two different convergence concepts to which we will refer, respectively, as homogenization and catch-up. The first refers to a state of affairs in which most of the countries in some specified group constantly grow closer to one another in terms of per-capita incomes and other pertinent variables. The second concept refers to the case in which laggard countries narrow the distance separating them from the leading economy. More will be said shortly about the distinction between the two orientations.

This paper considers the prospects for constructing a neoclassical theory of growth and international trade that is consistent with some of the main features of economic development. Three models are considered and compared to evidence: a model emphasizing physical capital accumulation and technological change, a model emphasizing human capital accumulation through schooling. and a model emphasizing specialized human capital accumulation through learning-by-doing. 0304-3932j88j$3.50©1988, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.

Depending on how you approach it, economic justice is either an extremely old intellectual tradition or a relatively new one. From the first perspective, economic justice is part and parcel of classical political philosophy—Plato’s The Republic and Aristotle’s The Politics, for instance, both discuss property distribution in an ideal society, emphasizing the philosophy of justice over economic precepts. From the second perspective, the one we embrace, economic justice is a uniquely modern inquiry that emerged with the writings of Karl Marx and his revolutionary critique of the capitalist political economy. For Marx, economic justice can be understood as a critical enterprise that attempts to locate contradictions between universal and particular conceptions of human freedom and intervene politically into these contradictions with the aim of creating a more just, equitable, and egalitarian society. So conceived, economic justice liberates the collective potential of humanity from its exploitation and degradation by
capitalism as well as the various legal institutions it develops to control human behavior for the purpose of extracting of surplus-value. It is this Marxist perspective and the various historical reformulations that it has authorized that influence the way rhetoricians and scholars of cultural studies conceptualize economic justice in the discipline of communication. While not all of these scholars endorse an explicitly Marxist line of thought, they all attempt to conceptualize economic justice as a normative political category that influences various models of rhetorical agency and social change.

This special issue asks, “Do classics exist in megaproject management?” We identify three types of classics: conventional, Kuhnian, and citation classics. We find that the answer to our question depends on the definition of “classic” employed. First, “citation classics” do exist in megaproject management, and they perform remarkably well when compared to the rest of the management literature. A preliminary Top Ten of citation classics is presented. Second, there is no indication that “conventional classics” exist in megaproject management, i.e., texts recognized as definitive by a majority of experts. Third, there is also no consensus as to whether “Kuhnian classics" exist, i.e., texts with paradigmatic clout. The importance of classics seems to be accepted, however, just as work to develop, discuss, and consolidate classics is seen as essential by megaproject scholars. A set of guidelines is presented for developing classics in megaproject management research.