NGO management

By drawing from authors' fieldwork in Egypt, Palestine, and Turkey, this article critically examines perceptions of project-think among civic organizations in the Middle East. As a managerial rationality, project-think has four key components: (a) a prioritization of discrete needs and discrete groups, (b) an orientation toward funding, (c) a focus on short-term and measurable results, and (d) the positioning of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) as career ladders. Through unpacking these four components, we find that project-think is perceived to contribute to the fragmentation of civil society by fracturing social issues, dividing the NGO sector, isolating organizational energy, and complicating relations between groups. Simultaneously, we demonstrate that, civic actors use various strategies to circumvent the perceived impacts of fragmentation. By mapping these intertwined meanings and experiences of fragmentation and defragmentation, this study contributes to debates concerning the political effects of managerialism among civil society in the Global South.

A proszociális aktusokhoz – így az adományozáshoz is – gyakran társul paternalista attitűd, mert a segítségnyújtás strukturális sajátossága az az alá-fölé rendeltség, amelynek megfelelően a donor oldalán erőforrástöbbletet, a recipiensnél pedig erőforráshiányt találunk. Az elmúlt években a nem paternalista segítség relevanciája mind a tudományos vizsgálatokban, mind a segélyezés és adományozás gyakorlatában jelentkezik. Jelen publikáció a hazai vállalati adományozási gyakorlat vélt vagy valós paternalizmusának természetrajzát kívánja megmutatni, a forprofit szervezetek nonprofitoknak nyújtott nem készpénzes támogatásaira – a tárgyi adományokra és az önkéntességre – összpontosítva. Az írás alapjául a hazai vállalati adományozási gyakorlatra irányuló kvalitatív kutatás szolgál, amely olyan cégeket vizsgált, melyek szociális ellátással foglalkozó nonprofit szervezeteket támogatnak.

The BRAC WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) programme aims to reach 37 million people with hygiene education and promotion. This paper describes three community-based aspects of hygiene education. The first involves cooperation with Imams and the Masjid Council for Community Advancement, to deliver 12 Khutba (sermons) on hygiene, sanitation and the position of women over time in the mosque. The second strategy is school hygiene promotion including construction, school brigades (health clubs), training, and school committees. The third strategy is promotion of improved hygiene practices through folk media carried out by the theatre groups in BRAC’s own Social Development Department and by local folk media groups in the areas where the WASH programme is active.

Organizations in the not-for-profit sector are considered to be voluntary organizations striving to fulfill vital social objectives. Independent from government influence, these organizations differ considerably in size, resources, organizational level, mission, form, and orientation; engaging in wide variety of Programmes ranging from humanitarian causes to economical endeavors. Funded by public and private charitable contributions; accountability, transparency and efficiency are critical in this sector. Although NGOs are not primarily for profit making; the profit generated as part of the mission, if managed well can help the organizations to grow. Contrary to Advocacy NGOs where fund raising is on a smaller scale, Operational NGOs have to mobilize resources, in the form of financial donations, materials or volunteer labour, in order to sustain their projects and programs which is very complex. Finance obtained by grants or donations require time and expertise to be spent on plann...

With Dhaka's urbanization, there is a need to develop policies aimed at respecting the city's natural environment, preserving open spaces, and targeting new growth into a compact city, where promoting polycentric nodes could be one of the sustainable planning strategies. For such a strategy in Dhaka's context, identifying the nodes that generate daily urban activities can provide useful directives, as they play crucial roles in facilitating accessibility to create dense, mixed-use, and pedestrian-and transit-friendly urban centres. With this rationale, this study investigated the land use pattern of Dhaka to identify potential activity nodes for compact city planning. At first, sixteen activity nodes were identified by analysing the city's key land use distribution pattern, along with the existing transportation nodes. Then, the land use composition around the identified nodes was examined. The findings show that while most of Dhaka's activity nodes exhibit moderate to reasonable levels of land use mix, they are mostly unplanned, and lack adequate planning and cohesive design to ensure a pedestrian-and transit-friendly compact city. The nodes identified and their attributes will help policymakers formulate specific urban design and planning strategies for Dhaka's nodal development.

The compliance with the transparency requirement set forth by the new Constitution (Basic Law), which takes economic efficiency into consideration, is capable of furthering the public trust towards public institutions, and being the cornerstone of a comprehensive national anticorruption strategy, along with the proportionate elevation of the corporate burdens. Such welcome effects may well be optimized by setting the most important rules – such as the ones concerning the legal status, owners’ structure, functioning, management and registration of the transparent organizations – in an Act. In such an Act, the opportunity would present itself for differentiated treatment of certain groups of transparent organizations, in respect of, for instance, the existing transactions, and also future ones, the financial strength of the enterprise in question, furthermore the organizational specificities

The ongoing debate surrounding the reform of Muslim Personal Law in Sri Lanka persists, with criticism aimed at certain provisions of the Muslim Marriage and Divorce Act of 1951 for perpetuating gender inequality. One such provision is the exclusion of women from being appointed as judges in the Quazi courts. Consequently, this study aims to elucidate the Islamic perspective on the appointment of women and assess its practical applicability in Sri Lanka. To achieve this objective, only secondary data sources have been utilized. Islamic sources emphasize that appointments to Quazi positions should be based on merit, without specific guidelines regarding gender discrimination in such appointments. Therefore, the primary finding of this study suggests that women who possess comparable or superior skills in Islamic jurisprudence, particularly in the field of jurisprudence, may be directly appointed as Quazis or serve as advisors to Quazi. This study's implications extend beyond the realm of gender equality, shedding light on the multifaceted roles of Muslim women and addressing the practice and legal reforms of Islamic Shariah within a minority context. It serves as a valuable resource for further research on these topics.

Az Európai Parlament és a Tanács (EU) 2022/2041 irányelve (2022. október 19.) az Európai Unióban biztosítandó megfelelő minimálbérekről (a továbbiakban: irányelv, illetve minimálbér-irányelv) egy hosszabb jogalkotási folyamat eredménye, és szerves része annak az Európai Unióban zajló szociálpolitikai reformfolyamatnak, melynek egyik első lépése a Szociális Jogok Európai Pillérének 2017-es elfogadása volt. Az irányelvet ez év november 15-ig kell átültetnie a tagállamoknak. Nem csak ez az egyetlen oka ugyanakkor annak, hogy az idei év egyik meghatározó gazdaságpolitikai eseménye a minimálbérekkel kapcsolatos joganyag változása, melynek hosszabb távú következményei is lehetnek a hazai bérrendszer egészére. A tanulmány mindezek háttérét igyekszik megvilágítani; azzal, hogy a dolgozat címében feltett kérdésre próbál releváns válaszokkal szolgálni.

Women constitute almost half of the world’s population yet their empowerment and engagement in mainstream socio-economic and political domain need to be enhanced to achieve sustainable development of women and society as whole. Many non-government international and national organizations are struggling to achieve Sustainable Development Goal- 5 (SDG5) which is pertinent to sustainable empowerment of women, however, their strategies and interventions especially in developing countries have failed to the desired objective. Therefore, the objective of this research is examine the effectivity of NGOs project management strategies employed in developing countries particularly Pakistan and India to achieve sustainable women empowerment. To achieve the objective of the research both empirical and non-empirical data from Scopus and H-index scholarly research have been reviewed thoroughly. A conceptual framework is constructed by combining prevailing understanding of women empowerment in and NGOs perception of understanding the subject notion to highlight the gap in NGOs understanding and their intervention strategies in these countries for women empowerment. The present paper concludes that there are a profound limitations found in the NGO’s understanding of women empowerment concept which limit them to devise effective strategies to intervene in developing countries and carry out sustainable women empowerment. The present study reveals that there is a need to develop long-term and effective strategies to bring out systematic change in such societies. Therefore, the paper presents some policy recommendations for sustainable empowerment of women through sustainable strategies.

The Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Facility Improvement Tool (WASH FIT), developed by WHO and UNICEF, is a critical framework for enhancing WASH services in healthcare facilities, particularly in low-and middle-income countries. This tool focuses on water supply, sanitation, hygiene, management, and environmental cleaning, aiming to reduce healthcare-associated infections and improve patient outcomes. The implementation of WASH FIT fosters a culture of continuous improvement and accountability, crucial for meeting international WASH standards and achieving broader public health goals, including the Sustainable Development Goals. In Bangladesh, the study identifies significant disparities between rural and urban healthcare facilities. Rural areas often lack adequate infrastructure, reliable water supply, and trained professionals, exacerbated by logistical challenges. Urban facilities, despite better resources, face issues related to overcrowding, maintenance of sanitation infrastructure, and environmental challenges like pollution. Both settings share common problems, such as inadequate funding and governance inefficiencies. The study's objectives include evaluating these challenges, conducting a comparative analysis between rural and urban facilities, and exploring opportunities for improvement through community engagement, technological innovations, and policy reforms. The findings emphasize the need for tailored strategies to address the specific needs of different settings, highlighting potential government and NGO initiatives. The recommendations aim to provide a framework for sustainable improvements in WASH services, enhancing health outcomes and the quality of care across Bangladesh.

Bahattin Sürücü, Aydın yöresinde 2004’ten bu yana aşkın süredir doğal ve kültürel değerleri korumak ve toplumu bilinçlendirmek üzere çalışmalar yapmaktadır. Ekosistemi Koruma ve Doğayı Sevenler Derneği’nin (EKODOSD) başkanlığını yapan Sürücü, yörede halkın, kamu kurumlarının ve medyanın takdirini kazanmıştır. Türkiye’de en başarılı yerel çevre derneklerinden biri olarak sıklıkla yerel ve ulusal medyada (TRT, NTV, CNN Türk, HABER TÜRK vb.) yer almaktadır. Tekstil işçisi, milli güreşçi, dalgıç, ekoturizmci, arkeoloji tutkunu ve doğa korumacı gibi farklı kimlik ve deneyimlere sahip Sürücü’nün hayatı özgün bir yaşam öyküsü sunmaktadır.

Along with industrialization, industrial areas, and structures, together with the technologies that carry out production, are important indicators of a countryʹs socio‐economic history. Industrial buildings and especially factories built by the state in the Early Republican Period witnessed the premise and widespread use of iron as a new construction material in terms of construction technologies. Factories, which are the products of the industrial development of the Republic of Turkey, have gained importance as indicators of great social and cultural change in the country at the same time. Factories, production centers, and other units have created images and focal spots in large areas in their locations. These structures form multi‐layered abstract and concrete imagery in the collective memory over the years. Morphologically, it covers a remarkable area in the city silhouette, perceptually and semantically in social memory. Industrial heritage structures, which are evaluated within the scope of conservation and reuse approaches, appear as a new tourism value. This study aims to examine the concept of industrial heritage within the framework of current approaches. In this direction, it is aimed to evaluate the Arhavi tea factory building, one of the industrial heritage structures shaped around the theme of tea, through the themes of urban identity and collective memory. Within the scope of the study, the collective memory and heritage value of the Arhavi tea factory building in the tea industry in Turkey, and its importance in the morphology of the city will be examined in the light of the data obtained. It is thought that the work carried out in the Arhavi tea factory building, which is considered in this context, will contribute to the activities for the protection and use of industrial heritage structures.

Abstract
This study explores the factors influencing the success and sustainability of donor-funded projects in Kenya’s coastal region. It aims to identify key determinants and develop strategies to enhance project outcomes. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates quantitative analyses—hypothesis testing, correlation, and regression analysis—with qualitative insights from interviews, focus groups, and open-ended survey responses. The study reveals that community involvement, funding levels, and effective project management significantly impact project success and sustainability. Quantitative results demonstrate a strong positive correlation between community engagement and project success, as well as a significant effect of funding levels on sustainability. Qualitative findings highlight that extensive community participation and robust management practices contribute to successful project outcomes. Case studies from Kwale, Kilifi, and Mombasa illustrate real-world applications of these factors, showcasing both successes and challenges. The study concludes that donor-funded projects benefit from enhanced community involvement, adequate funding, and effective management. Recommendations include increasing community engagement, improving funding mechanisms, implementing best management practices, and incorporating beneficiary feedback to ensure long-term project sustainability. The findings provide valuable insights for improving the effectiveness of donor-funded projects and achieving lasting impact in Kenya’s coastal region.
Keywords: donor-funded projects, community involvement, funding levels, project management, sustainability, Kenya’s coastal region, project success, qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, beneficiary feedback.

6 Şubat 2023 depreminin ardından Hatay/Defne'de gerçekleştirilen bu niteliksel çalışma, yaşanılan yıkımı ve yeniden inşa süreçlerini temel hak ve ihtiyaçlar, kent belleği, kolektif duygulanımlar, müşterekler ve mülksüzleştirme pratikleri ve demokratik katılımcılık tartışmaları etrafında ele alıyor. ISBN: 978-625-99069-1-1

A tarsadalmi vallalkozas (social enterprise) es a tarsadalmi vallalkozoi szellem (social entrepreneurship) fogalmai meglehetősen ujak Magyarorszagon. Megjelenesuk es első peldaik egyes nemzetkozi nonprofit szervezetek es alapitvanyok (Ashoka es NESsT) hatasahoz kapcsolodnak. Azonban bizonyos mar letező hagyomanyok e fejlesztő es tamogato szervezetek megjelenese előtt gyokereket biztositottak a jelensegnek. E hagyomanyok koze tartozik a civil tarsadalom es a nonprofit szektor (jotekonysagi, onkentes es egyesuleti hagyomany); a szovetkezetek, kulonosen a szocialis szovetkezetek (szovetkezeti hagyomany); a tarsadalmi celu, felelős hagyomanyos vallalkozasok (uzleti hatter); az egyhazakhoz kapcsolodo gazdasagi kezdemenyezesek (egyhazak jotekonysagi hagyomanya). Tovabba e jelentes az allam szerepet (szakpolitikai hajtoerő) ket szempontbol hangsulyozza a tarsadalmi vallalkozasok fejlődeseben. Egyreszt a magyar allam es az Europai Unio (EU) bizonyos tamogatasi programok reven alakitjak a me...

Lengyel, Rita. “Ceterum Datum Templo - Egy Szentély és egy végrendelet esete az ókorból.” In XXIV. Jogász Doktoranduszok Konferenciája 45. 181–190. Jog és Állam. Budapest, Magyarország: Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem, Állam- és Jogtudományi Kar, 2023.

1. Background A rapidly changing business environment characterized by deregulation of markets, increased competition and changing customer and investor demands has become a real challenge for most organisations the world over. Individuals within organisations are also faced with multiple challenges, such as finding satisfaction in and through work, and dealing with the obsolescence of their knowledge and skills. These challenges have in the past, led to the folding up of many organisations (Brown and Katz, 2011). In view of the above, there is tremendous pressure on organizations to generate equally fast responses in order to survive and sustain themselves. Organisation development is presumed as the antidote to correct deficiencies and inconsistencies, inherent in the development processes of small as well as large scale organisations. French and Bell (2000) defines organization development as the process of planned change in organizations in which the vital elements relate to (1) The nature of activities to be executed (2) The direction of the change activities (3) The key target of the change activities and (4) The desired results of the change activities. The overall aim has been to promote organizational health and effectiveness by changing the attitude, beliefs, values and structure of organization. In the last decade, organisations across sectors have tried their level best to think and act with transformation and performance improvement mindset. Organisations in the NGO sector are no exception to this change process. It is believed that an organization development intervention will remove the hurdles and resolves the difficulties towards the effectiveness of organisations. This is normally done by way of assessing the existing status of the internal and external components of an organization, identifying areas of weaknesses and implementing appropriate interventions that will serve the organization into the future. With this background, the paper presents an organization development assessment and intervention with reference to Givers Foundation. Specifically, the study seeks to:  Determine the existing status (pre-organization capacity assessment) of the Givers Foundation,  Identify organizational capacity gaps  Design and implement appropriate organization development interventions, and  document transformation indicators that have resulted from the implementation of the organization development intervention. The overall objective is to ascertain whether organization development intervention has an effect on the organizations' performance and effectiveness. The paper is divided into five sections. Aside this introduction, the second section entails review of related literature and a conceptual framework that guides the study, the third section shows profiles of pre-organisation capacity assessment of the Givers Foundation. The fourth and fifth sections shows the

This study tells about the establishment of non-govemmental organizations (NGOs) and the research activities we have conducted in Hajdu-Bihar county. The creation and foundation of a NGO used to be a rather simple process, however thanks to a new civil law, it has become a more complicated process. Basically,theHungarianlegalsystemallowsthefoundationofneworganisations freely. The right of association is the part of the constitutional right which gives authorisation for the creation of or connection to any organisations for purposes not prohibited by law. In order to establish an organisation, the local tribunal has to be notified. After registration the court has no capapcity to keep the organisations under permanent surveillance to make sure whether they are active. In our study we surveyed the head of NGOs by questionnaires. A total of 100 leaders completed the questionnaires and after evaluation, the result suggested that only about 60% of NGOs are currently active.

After the change of the former regime – corresponding with the social needs – numerous civic organizations were established, through the constantly changing legal environment and social structures. Regarding the volume of the sphere, it neither seems to be raising nor declining. Owing to latest changes and the effect of the new Act on Civic Organizations, their number may also decrease, and as a prelude some try to stabilize their positions beside the new conditions and other step out and leave their formerly established organizations. In this manuscript we would like to illustrate such resources and prospects beside the constraint factors, which equally mean dilemma for the sustainability of civic organizations

This study tells about the establishment of non-govemmental organizations (NGOs) and the research activities we have conducted in Hajdu-Bihar county. The creation and foundation of a NGO used to be a rather simple process, however thanks to a new civil law, it has become a more complicated process. Basically,theHungarianlegalsystemallowsthefoundationofneworganisations freely. The right of association is the part of the constitutional right which gives authorisation for the creation of or connection to any organisations for purposes not prohibited by law. In order to establish an organisation, the local tribunal has to be notified. After registration the court has no capapcity to keep the organisations under permanent surveillance to make sure whether they are active. In our study we surveyed the head of NGOs by questionnaires. A total of 100 leaders completed the questionnaires and after evaluation, the result suggested that only about 60% of NGOs are currently active.

The demographic and managerial circumstances allow one to expect that Polish organisations, both business and nonprofit, will be facing organisational succession in the near future. The independent Polish state will be witnessing these processes for the first time since over 200 years. The presented paper addresses a research gap referring to succession in Polish nonprofit organisations. The design of the study was based on the theory and experience gained from family business literature and research. The aim of the study was to describe and analyse formal succession solutions included in the statutes of Polish foundations and to put the results into perspective, building on a theoretical family business background. The study was based on a qualitative analysis of documents from ten purposefully selected foundations operating in Poland. The study indicates that the documents of the analyzed foundations contained no formal solutions regarding succession. Other records referring to power transfer concerned emergency situations. The findings were correlated with the demographic and managerial circumstances facing the foundations. Possible directions for future research were indicated.

Modelos de fiscal sponsor son amplios y presentan particularidades para hacer frente a la figura legal. En el caso de México se carece de esta figura pero existen organizaciones que han desarrollado el modelo para la gestión, administración, ejecución y seguimiento contable, fiscal y financiero de las causas sociales.

Il Covid-19 ha causato il più grande inconveniente della storia ai sistema educativi, ed ha esposto il suo grado di impreparazione per far fronte a una crisi di tale portata. La chiusura delle scuole è stata una risposta praticamente universale, ritenuta necessaria nella prima fase della pandemia. Nondimeno, questa mossa ha avuto gravi effetti negativi e ha aggravato diverse ingiustizie. I paesi del G20 devono ora affrontare due sfide. Devono rispondere a livello nazionale e, alcuni, come donatori DAC dell'OCSE. Questo policy brief suggerisce una pianificazione educativa, basata su misure sanitarie globali, sensibile alle crisi, con un forte focus verso l´ equità, al fine di garantire la continuità dell'istruzione. Inoltre, si suggeriscono azioni per i paesi del G20 e per i donatori, affinché ricostruiscano e sostengano la resilienza dei sistemi educativi, passando da una prima rapida risposta ad un recupero. LE SFIDE La pandemia del COVID-19 ha causato la più grande interruzione dell'istruzione nella storia, colpendo una generazione intera. Al suo culmine, nel mese dell'aprile del 2020, più di 190 paesi hanno istituito c a livello nazionale, con la conseguenza che il 90% degli studenti del mondo (oltre 1,5 miliardi) rimanevano fuori dalla scuola e altri servizi educativi (UNESCO 2020a) 1. Chiusure localizzate in sei paesi 2 lasciavano oltre 100 milioni di studenti senza lezioni presenziali. Ancora, 258 milioni di bambini erano già fuori scuola, dei quali il 30% era stato colpito da conflitti e 1 I dati relativi alle chiusure a livello nazionale comprendono i dati relativi alle iscrizioni in fase pre-primaria, primaria, secondaria e livello terziario dall'UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) database per i paesi che mandato paese-ampie chiusure. 2 Chiusure scolastiche localizzate sono state istituite in Australia, Islanda, Russia, Seychelles, Svezia e Stati Uniti. 3 I vincoli di spazio non consentono un'analisi a livello di paese. La guida raccomanda di applicare i principi generali ai contesti nazionali. Un primo esempio è l'applicazione in Ontario, Canada. Vedasi Srivastava (2020). 4 Questa cifra si basa su 172 paesi con chiusure scolastiche.

Il Covid-19 ha causato il più grande inconveniente della storia ai sistema educativi, ed ha esposto il suo grado di impreparazione per far fronte a una crisi di tale portata. La chiusura delle scuole è stata una risposta praticamente universale, ritenuta necessaria nella prima fase della pandemia. Nondimeno, questa mossa ha avuto gravi effetti negativi e ha aggravato diverse ingiustizie. I paesi del G20 devono ora affrontare due sfide. Devono rispondere a livello nazionale e, alcuni, come donatori DAC dell'OCSE. Questo policy brief suggerisce una pianificazione educativa, basata su misure sanitarie globali, sensibile alle crisi, con un forte focus verso l´ equità, al fine di garantire la continuità dell'istruzione. Inoltre, si suggeriscono azioni per i paesi del G20 e per i donatori, affinché ricostruiscano e sostengano la resilienza dei sistemi educativi, passando da una prima rapida risposta ad un recupero. LE SFIDE La pandemia del COVID-19 ha causato la più grande interruzione dell'istruzione nella storia, colpendo una generazione intera. Al suo culmine, nel mese dell'aprile del 2020, più di 190 paesi hanno istituito c a livello nazionale, con la conseguenza che il 90% degli studenti del mondo (oltre 1,5 miliardi) rimanevano fuori dalla scuola e altri servizi educativi (UNESCO 2020a) 1. Chiusure localizzate in sei paesi 2 lasciavano oltre 100 milioni di studenti senza lezioni presenziali. Ancora, 258 milioni di bambini erano già fuori scuola, dei quali il 30% era stato colpito da conflitti e 1 I dati relativi alle chiusure a livello nazionale comprendono i dati relativi alle iscrizioni in fase pre-primaria, primaria, secondaria e livello terziario dall'UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) database per i paesi che mandato paese-ampie chiusure. 2 Chiusure scolastiche localizzate sono state istituite in Australia, Islanda, Russia, Seychelles, Svezia e Stati Uniti. 3 I vincoli di spazio non consentono un'analisi a livello di paese. La guida raccomanda di applicare i principi generali ai contesti nazionali. Un primo esempio è l'applicazione in Ontario, Canada. Vedasi Srivastava (2020). 4 Questa cifra si basa su 172 paesi con chiusure scolastiche.

Il Covid-19 ha causato il più grande inconveniente della storia ai sistema educativi, ed ha esposto il suo grado di impreparazione per far fronte a una crisi di tale portata. La chiusura delle scuole è stata una risposta praticamente universale, ritenuta necessaria nella prima fase della pandemia. Nondimeno, questa mossa ha avuto gravi effetti negativi e ha aggravato diverse ingiustizie. I paesi del G20 devono ora affrontare due sfide. Devono rispondere a livello nazionale e, alcuni, come donatori DAC dell'OCSE. Questo policy brief suggerisce una pianificazione educativa, basata su misure sanitarie globali, sensibile alle crisi, con un forte focus verso l´ equità, al fine di garantire la continuità dell'istruzione. Inoltre, si suggeriscono azioni per i paesi del G20 e per i donatori, affinché ricostruiscano e sostengano la resilienza dei sistemi educativi, passando da una prima rapida risposta ad un recupero. La pandemia del COVID-19 ha causato la più grande interruzione dell'istruzione nella storia, colpendo una generazione intera. Al suo culmine, nel mese dell'aprile del 2020, più di 190 paesi hanno istituito c a livello nazionale, con la conseguenza che il 90% degli studenti del mondo (oltre 1,5 miliardi) rimanevano fuori dalla scuola e altri servizi educativi (UNESCO 2020a) 1 . Chiusure localizzate in sei paesi 2 lasciavano oltre 100 milioni di studenti senza lezioni presenziali. Ancora, 258 milioni di bambini erano già fuori scuola, dei quali il 30% era stato colpito da conflitti e 1 I dati relativi alle chiusure a livello nazionale comprendono i dati relativi alle iscrizioni in fase pre-primaria, primaria, secondaria e livello terziario dall'UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) database per i paesi che mandato paese-ampie chiusure. 2 Chiusure scolastiche localizzate sono state istituite in Australia, Islanda, Russia, Seychelles, Svezia e Stati Uniti. situazioni di emergenza, e il restante, a causa di ineguaglianze ormai radicate (ODI 2016; UIS 2019), che saranno ulteriormente aggravate dalla pandemia. Il G20 affronta ora due sfide. Tutti i paesi del G20 devono in primo luogo rispondere a livello nazionale; tuttavia, le loro risposte avranno un impatto sia regionale sia globale, data la loro influenza come membri del G20. I membri del G20 che fanno parte dell'organizzazione per il comitato di aiuto allo sviluppo dell'OCSE (Cooperazione e sviluppo economico) e i donatori (DAC) devono anche sostenere l'istruzione attraverso un finanziamento continuo e una cooperazione, nonché un'assistenza, internazionale. Tuttavia, le condizioni sociali e di istruzione dei paesi del G20 sono varie e gli impatti della pandemia differiscono da paese a paese. Questo policy brief raccomanda azioni mirate, con il fine di creare una pianificazione della politica educativa e del finanziamento, sensibile alle crisi favorendo il passaggio dei paesi da una prima risposta ad una ripresa, per costruire sistemi di istruzione più robusti. Questo documento delinea i princìpi generali che dovrebbero essere applicati contestualmente a seconda delle circostanze particolari di ogni paese del G20, considerando la situazione all'inizio della crisi sanitaria, e gli effetti differenziali che la pandemia ha provocato all'interno dei paesi e su gruppi specifici 3 . I paesi donatori dovrebbero, ulterorimente, tenere conto dei princìpi per quanto riguarda la cooperazione internazionale e l'assistenza nel campo dell'istruzione. La chiusura delle scuole in tutto il mondo è stata una risposta politica quasi universale, in quanto parte di un pacchetto di misure di emergenza ritenute necessarie nella prima fase della pandemia. Tuttavia, l´evidenza disponibile sull´impatto dell´interruzione dell´acceso all´istruzione in generale e durante l´emergenza (UNESCO 2018), insieme alle esperienze di chiusure di scuole durante il virus Ebola e la pandemia influenzale , indicano effetti negativi sia a breve che a lungo termine. Questi includono perdita di apprendimento, abbandono, abusi fisici e sessuali, violenza di genere, aumento delle gravidanze minorenni, aggravamento mentale e impatti psicosociali, sbocchi ridotti per il sostegno emotivo e relazioni tra pari. Inoltre, le scuole sono luoghi in cui vengono forniti altri servizi essenziali, come il cibo e nutrizione, l'assistenza sanitaria e psicosociale e la consulenza terapeutica e diagnostica. Il Programma Alimentare Mondiale (WFP 2020) stima che 352 milioni di bambini siano rimasti senza pasti a scuola a causa delle chiusure imposte dalla pandemia COVID-19 4 . Questo, e altri servizi, sono la maggior parte a cui hanno spesso accesso gruppi e famiglie vulnerabili, in circostanze particolari. 3 I vincoli di spazio non consentono un'analisi a livello di paese. La guida raccomanda di applicare i principi generali ai contesti nazionali. Un primo esempio è l'applicazione in Ontario, Canada. Vedasi Srivastava (2020). 4 Questa cifra si basa su 172 paesi con chiusure scolastiche.

In the case of historical buildings and monumental architecture, the analysis and understanding of processes of decay call for an interpretative overview encompassing data which stem from different areas of study but are globally interrelated and constitute essential elements for the purpose of assessing the state of preservation. The study outlined here was carried out to show how the integrated representation of the monument’s geometry together with the morphology and distribution of the damage, the component materials and their physical characteristics, the historico-architectonic analysis and environmental factors can be used to facilitate our understanding of degradation processes. Identifying the Information Technology (IT) as being able to create environments that are typically suitable for the aims pursued and to use as an operating instrument, it was decided to translate the theoretical disciplinary model into a computer-based procedure in which the functions specific to th...

A hazai államháztartási ellenőrzés az Állami Számvevőszék létrejöttével 1989-ben indult fejlődésnek, majd 1995-ben a Parlament létrehozta a Magyar Államkincstárt a belső kontroll végrehajtójaként az államháztartási finanszírozás csökkentése, és a pénzfelhasználás áttekinthetőbbé tétele érdekében. Azóta is a Kincstár végzi az állami költségvetés pénzforgalmának lebonyolítását, valamint ő folytatja az államháztartás belső ellenőrzését. A Kincstár által ellátott ellenőrzési feladatok legfőbb területe a költségvetés realizáslásának pénzügyi lebonyolítása, illetve az ehhez kapcsolódó nyilvántartási feladatok ellátása segítségével ezek ellenőrzése.A Költségvetési Fejezetek Főosztályának, ezen belül is a Költségvetési Információs Osztály feladatainak bemutatása a célunk, mivel ezeknek az ellenőrzéseknek, továbbá az ellenőrzések adataiból képezhető információk elkészítésének és az általuk megvalósuló tájékoztatási feladatoknak a végrehajtása a mostani keretek között eléggé újszerű még az ál...

This dissertation is dedicated to my awesome mother, Mary Juma, for the support and encouragement during the project. She has been and still is the pillar of who I am today. To my late dad, Cornel Juma, for instilling in me the value of education. v TABLE OF CONTENTS

This thesis investigates the challenges faced by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Türkiye, a country hosting a large number of Syrian refugees. While NGOs play a crucial role in addressing societal needs, they encounter obstacles such as limited resources and evolving environments. Strategic planning, a key tool for NGOs, is explored in depth, considering its historical evolution and various strategic paradigms adopted for competitive advantage. The study specifically delves into the moderating roles of funding and work type in the relation between strategic planning and performance in Syrian NGOs in Türkiye. The research employs a structured questionnaire distributed to employees of NGOs operating in Türkiye, considering their diverse activities. The study hypothesises that funding and work type moderate the relationship between strategic planning and performance. The research model outlines these key variables, emphasising their interconnectedness and impact on the effectiveness of NGOs. While the findings reveal significant positive effects of strategic planning on goal orientation, structure orientation, and strategy orientation, the study also examines the moderating roles of the main field of activity and the main source of the budget on the impact of strategic planning on performance orientation. The results indicate that these factors play a crucial role in shaping the relationship between strategic planning and performance orientation.

This paper investigates the challenges faced by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Türkiye, a country hosting a large number of Syrian refugees. While NGOs play a crucial role in addressing societal needs, they encounter obstacles such as limited resources and evolving environments. Strategic planning, a key tool for NGOs, is explored in depth, considering its historical evolution and various strategic paradigms adopted for competitive advantage. The study specifically delves into the moderating roles of funding and work type in the relation between strategic planning and performance in Syrian NGOs in Türkiye. The research employs a structured questionnaire distributed to employees of NGOs operating in Türkiye, considering their diverse activities. The study hypothesises that funding and work type moderate the relationship between strategic planning and performance. The research model outlines these key variables, emphasising their interconnectedness and impact on the effectiveness of NGOs. While the findings reveal significant positive effects of strategic planning on goal orientation, structure orientation, and strategy orientation, the study also examines the moderating roles of the main field of activity and the main source of the budget on the impact of strategic planning on performance orientation. The results indicate that these factors play a crucial role in shaping the relationship between strategic planning and performance orientation.

This paper was derived from the master thesis “THE MODERATING ROLES OF FUNDING AND WORK TYPE IN THE RELATION BETWEEN STRATEGIC
PLANNING AND PERFORMANCE – THE CASE OF SYRIAN NGOs IN TÜRKİYE” which is coordinated by Dr. Mehmet SEYHAN.

"Mindent vagy semmit!" Ha egy gazdasági társaságban fizetésképtelenséggel fenyegető helyzet áll elő, akkor mit választ a tag és vezető tisztségviselő, kockáztatna? A korlátolt felelősségi alakzat felelősségátvitele megakadályozhatja a vagyonkimentést egy felszámolási eljárást megelőző létszakaszban? A dolgozat többek között e kérdésekre keresi a választ, illetve célja, hogy összefoglalja a csőd szélén álló szervezetei tag- és vezető tisztségviselő felelősségét, a polgári jogi peres eljárás problematikájának áttekintése mellett. Egyebekben választ keressen egy jobb, gyakorlatba átültethető eljárási metódusokra.
Összegzésem: Úgy gondolom, hogy ha nem a "mindent vagy semmit országa" lennénk és a jogalkalmazókat nem arra sarkalná a politikai hatalommal bírók köre, hogy minél több ügyet lefolytassanak, hanem arra, hogy minden egyes ügyben alaposságot, odafigyelést tanúsítsanak, valamint a törvények "magukért beszélnének" nem "okosba" íródnának, hanem a jogbiztonság elvének megfelelve egyértelmű és érthető, a gyakorlatban mindenki által jól használhatóak lennének, akkor a mind a fair play gazdálkodással, mind az igazságszolgáltatás minőségének javulásával az "eredményesség országa" lehetnénk!

Accountability is a crucial element of governance. Nonprofit organizations are typically accountable to multiple stakeholders and often “do” accountability in multiple ways. But what happens when a nonprofit organization is highly dependent on a single source of funding? This article provides an empirical exploration of this issue. It draws on a longitudinal case study of one nonprofit organization in the United Kingdom that is highly dependent on a single funder to examine how accountability is constructed and enacted, with a focus on the board. It critically examines accountability processes through direct observation of board and committee meetings and in-depth interviews with board members. The analysis shows how board members work to construct broader forms of accountability beyond accountability to the funder, but then struggle to enact them. This article provides in-depth insight into the challenges that nonprofit board members face and offers a rare example of observational ...

Urbanization has the potential to create inequality and exclusion in economic development and development and lead to slums. Slums can also occur because residents are unable to meet basic housing basic needs. This phenomenon also occurs in Krajan Pasar Kampung-Krian which is located around the center of the area. However, slums have potential for their inhabitants from the social and economic side. The importance of handling slums in the context of sustainable development has become a global issue. This research aims to determine the strategies of inclusive development in slum upgrading on public facilities and application of inclusive development principles. This research is a descriptive case study, used a mixed methods approach, and uses SWOT analysis. Based on the research results, it is known that the concept of inclusive development consists of; improving the quality and provision of public facilities; increasing performance of accessibility, affordability, resilience, and sustainability; and cooperate with the of Krian's Market manager in slum upgrading.

This study analyzes data from a new Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance (UHDSS) in five slums in Dhaka (North and South) and Gazipur City Corporations to examine the relationship between migration status and maternal and child health service utilization. Migration status was determined by duration in urban slums (<= 9.99 years, 10-19.99 years, 20+ years, and urban-born). Compared to those born in the city, migrants were characterized by significant disadvantages in every maternal, neonatal, and child health (MNCH) indicator under study, including antenatal care, facility-based delivery, doctor-assisted delivery, child immunization, caesarean-section delivery, and use of modern contraceptives. We found that the level of service coverage among migrants gradually converged-but did not fully converge-to that of the urban-born with increasing duration in the city. We observed a strong positive association between wealth and total MNCH coverage, with a more modest association with higher levels of schooling attainment. Women who were engaged in market employment were less likely to receive adequate coverage, suggesting a tradeoff between livelihood attainment and motherand-child health. After controlling for these socioeconomic and neighborhood variations in coverage, the duration gradient was diminished but still significant. In line with existing studies of healthcare access, this study highlights the persistent and widespread burden of unequal access to maternal and child health care facing migrants to slum areas, even relative to the overall disadvantages experienced in informal settlements. Keywords Maternal and child health. Rural-urban migration. Dhaka. Bangladesh

This project is dedicated to my family for their inspiration, encouragement and prayers towards the successful completion of this course. I pay glowing tribute and gratitude to the Almighty God who has given me the strength and wisdom to undertake this course. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT I acknowledge my supervisor for his guidance, throughout the developing of this paper. I also acknowledge the tremendous input from my friends and family, which helped me cope with the great demands of developing this project. My final heartfelt appreciation goes to God Almighty for His continued support throughout my education journey.