Nineteenth Century Sentimental Cuts A Restored Hairwork Picture on Glass

Current Analytical Chemistry, 2010

In Romania and especially in Transylvania the process of creating icons implied the use of different supports, mainly wood and glass. Samples have been collected from various areas of these religious artefacts. The aim of this research is to apply a combination of FTIR spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry techniques in order to identify and characterize the composition of the pigments, binders and varnishes used by Transylvanian icon's artisans. The information obtained through these procedures is part of the identification elements of the icons' period and school, and in the end it contributes to the technical expertise of these artefacts. Besides knowing the materials, the technology, the state of preservation and the patrimonial value of the artworks, the main goal is to better understand all the practical aspects of the active preservation and restoration procedures.

Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2020

Hair amendments were extracted from the lime plasters of historical buildings with an age ranging from recent times until the 12 th century. Infrared spectroscopy has been used to assess chemical changes, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for changes of the physical structure. As a reference a sample set of 130 recent samples has been collected comprising different species. The only strong impact on hair chemistry was detected for grinding the samples. This pretreatment separated the chemical fingerprint based on methylene bands (2920 and 2850 cm −1) and the C = O vibration band at 1740 cm −1. Different species were separated only on a coarse level. Historical samples did not display very clear indicators of aging processes. SAXS results registered a certain grouping of the samples according to age. A clear trend was not found, however. This suggests that age alone is not the key defining factor in the degradation processes in hair.

2019

Through this study, as a tradition of the philatelic studies that we develop now, we want to present a part of the philatelic issues that emphasize traditional wooden-crafts, including farmhouses associated objects and other elements that we can easily record into the category of mobil heritage. In this philatelic study we accentuate so much the art of wood processing, as well as the life of Romanian people, who helped mobilize all creative energies into what today we consider to be mobil heritage as integrated part of cultural heritage, but from a philatelic perspective.

This study aims to identify the materials used in the production of a post-byzantine icon from the Museum of Évora's collection. The icon, representing the "Emperor Constantine and his mother Helen holding the Holy Cross" was once dated as being from the 10th century. Throughout a multi-analytical approach, combining area exams with spectroscopic techniques, this study tried to confirm its actual chronology. The results obtained revealed that it is most likely an icon from the late 17th or 18th century. Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo a identificação dos materiais utilizados na produção de um ícone pós-bizantino pertencente à coleção do Museu de Évora. Este ícone, representando o "Imperador Constantino e a sua mãe Helena manifestando a Cruz", foi datado como sendo do século X. Através de uma abordagem analítica diversificada, combinando exames de área com técnicas espectroscópicas, tentámos confirmar a sua datação. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que será...

Revista De Chimie Bucharest Original Edition, 2013

In order to preserve a wooden icon belonging to the Transylvanian Ethnographic Museum collection the scientific expertise of the wooden support and of the picture materials (ground, pigments, binder and varnish) used for the "Virgin Mary with the Child" and "Diptych" diptych icons (8228 inventory number) was performed by FTIR spectroscopy, EI-MS spectrometry and DSC thermal analysis. FTIR spectroscopy and DSC methods offer information about the wooden support whereas EI MS and FTIR methods were employed for binder, varnish and pigments structural characterization. These structural data can be correlated with the artistic, theological and historical analysis of this religious patrimony object.

Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2016

This paper reports the conservation procedure applied to a wooden sculpture representing Saint Joseph attributed to the workshop of Ignaz Günther (1727-1775). The component material of the wooden sculpture was identified by observing the thin sections under an optical microscope; the materials layered on the surface were analyzed by optical microscopy, micro-Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The laser cleaning tests were carried out with a Q-switched Nd:YAG system. The surface was examined before and after the cleaning with the aid of a video-microscope, reflectance spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscopy. The steps of the work were documented on a digital tri-dimensional model of the sculpture created by a close range image system in order to carefully register scientific, technical, conservative, and material aspects. The microscopic observation of wood thin sections allows identifying it as lime tree. The analysis of the surface materials highlighted the presence of lead white applied by a siccative oil and barium sulphate. The infrared spectroscopic analysis of the brown surface layer revealed the presence of shellac. The laser cleaning proved an effective method to remove the surface dirt and to reduce the aged protective layer without affecting negatively the wood. The diagnostic analysis carried out prior and during the cleaning process was fundamental to verify the applicability of the laser to the wood surface in order to obtain an efficient cleaning action without secondary damaging effects. In addition, considering the reduced number of laser cleaning examples applied to wooden material available in literature, the documentation of the adopted working process could be a useful reference for the divulgation and sharing of the obtained data.

2009

The Search for Ancient Hair: A Scientific Approach to the Probabilities and Recovery of Unattached Hair in Archaeological Sites. (August 2007) Katherine Turner-Pearson, B.A., Baylor University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Vaughn M. Bryant A recent upsurge exists of archaeologists using ancient hair as a research tool, with new uses of this previously discarded archaeological material being introduced annually. Human hair deteriorates extremely slowly, and since the average modern human sheds approximately one hundred hairs per day, there should be copious amounts of hair debris left behind after humans leave a site; it is just a matter of how much of the hair survives in the archaeological environment. Most loose hair recovered from archaeological sites, however, is found fortuitously and in many cases, because archaeologists were not actively searching for ancient hair, it is possible they tainted the hair they later tested in ways that compromised their data, or more important...

Fashion and Design: Historical Experince-New Technologies. Proceedings of 21th International Research Conference,, 2018

Beauty has been important for the mankind. and living conditions are the sources of the cultural changes. These details affect people’s understanding of clothing and ornaments. 1 акультет, Not only just need but also aesthetic is a human requirement. Every nation’s culture is different. The factors such as climate, religion In this context, women are having different considerations. Women’s beauty tools and accessories are much more than men’s. Make-up, clothes and accessories especially for women are indispensable. Anatolia has a very rich culture from Hittites to Turks. So it is possible to find a lot ornamental tools for the woman in the Anatolia. Some of them have been forgotten and others are still used. The oldest ornamental items used by Turkish women are: Clasp, comb, scarf, fez, hair pin, crown and others. All of these items are for head and hair. It will be presented the hair ornament tools of the Turkish women in this study. In addition to this, literary texts will be used as references. The aim of this paper is to focus on the comb which is Turkish women’s ornamental items. Especially, the ornament and need functions of the comb will be evaluated.

Characterisation of organic materials (binding media, varnishes, pigments) in paint cross-sections. International Workshop, University of Bologna Chemistry Department, Bologna, Italy, 20th – 21st September 2007

Spectroscopy Letters

Chemical composition of varnishes Vernis a Tableaux Vibert by Lefranc & Cie, Schutzfirnis für Oelgemalde Schmincke's Retuschier-Firnis by Schmincke & Co. Düsseldorf, Tempera-Firnis by Schmincke & Co. Düsseldorf, Bernstein-Gemaldefirniss für Ludwig'sche Petroleumfarben by Dr. Schoenfeld Düsseldorf, and Vernis Martin Pour Laquer by Lefranc & Cie Paris; oil medium Copal en pâte by Duroziez; essential oils Oleum Cupressi by Polak & Schwarz and Oleum Calami by Polak & Schwarz; fixative for charcoal, crayons, and pastels Nr 840/4 by Iskra & Karmański; and restoring medium for paintings Prof. Dr. Büttner's Phobus by Schmincke Düsseldorf were analyzed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The analyses were conducted to obtain information about the exact composition of these products, which are stored at the National Museum in Krakow and were used by conservators. The results of research facilitate understanding of processes used in paintings and planning methods for their c...