Nitrogen management in wheat sown in rice straw mulch in North West India

2010

Burning of rice straw after rice harvest in the Rice Wheat System of North west India can be overcome by sowing wheat into rice straw with the help of a machine called the 'Happy Seeder'. The adoption of zero tillage and retaining rice straw on the soil surface alters the nitrogen demand of the wheat crop due to changes in soil temperature and soil moisture under rice straw mulch, which in turn affects microbial growth. The microbes can either immobilise nitrogen or mineralise it and thus affects the plant growth. A field experiment was conducted to optimise the management of N fertilizer for wheat production under rice straw mulch so as to ensure high grain yield, high N use efficiency. Whilst band placement of nitrogen fertiliser at 180 kg/ha resulted in higher grain yield when rice straw was burnt, banding was not effective in increasing yield when straw was retained. The retention of rice straw as a mulch also resulted in higher mineral N concentrations remaining in the soil after harvest which may be used by subsequent crops in leaching can be minimised. This work provides evidence that retention of rice straw is not detrimental to yield if N management is optimised.

Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst, 2001

International Journal of Agricultural Invention, 2020

A field experiment was carried out on Pant Dhan 4, to study the effect of different nutrients treatments on the productivity of rice. This experiment reveals the fact that increased dose of Nitrogen also increase the amount of Nitrogen content in rice grain and straw. Although fertilizers are important for enhancing rice production but excess use of fertilizer cause deterioration of soil quality which ultimately affect crop productivity so it is required to investigate the physiological aspects of rice plant under integrated nutrients. When imbalanced fertilizers doses are given to the rice-wheat cropping system, they showed a considerable decline in crop productivity and soil fertility.) Effect of integrated nutrient management on nitrogen content of grain and straw of Rice crop variety

Change of soil nitrogen (N) was evaluated in a field experiment through in situ utilization of rice stubble in wheat field. Lignocellulolytic fungal inoculated stubble, uninoculated stubble, phosphocompost (PC) blended uninoculated stubble with or without N and burnt stubble with or without PC but with N were incorporated in soil and their influence was studied on a few chemical, biochemical and microbiological attributes relating to N profile in soil vis-à-vis performance of wheat crop. PC blended stubble with N fertilizer resulted in the highest total, ammoniacal and nitrate N, biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), urease activities in wheat rhizosphere soil. Consequently, uptake of N, grain and straw yield of wheat increased. On the other hand, PC blended stubble without added N effectuated highest non-symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria (NFB) and their potential in soil. However, burnt stubble engendered the lowest nitrate N, non-symbiotic NFB, non-symbiotic N fixing power, MBC and MBN, in soil. Rice stubble without N brought down the level of ammoniacal N and urease activity in the soil to the lowest extent leading to least uptake of N, grain and straw yield. The lowest level of total N was due to inoculated stubble with/without N. Our findings revealed phosphocompost blended rice stubble along with N fertilizer was most effective for rice stubble management in wheat field.

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical, 2016

The presence of cover crop straw and early application of total N at sowing may provide significant changes in the microbial population, reflecting on the N dynamics in the soil and in upland rice plants. This study aimed at determining the effect of the early application of nitrogen doses as mineral N and microbial biomass carbon in the soil, as well as in the activity of nitrate reductase, and grain yield of upland rice plants cultivated under no-tillage system (NTS). A randomized blocks design, in a split-plot scheme, with four replications, was used. The treatments consisted of N doses (0 kg ha-1, 40 kg ha-1, 80 kg ha-1 and 120 kg ha-1) and the presence or absence of U. brizantha cover straw. Maintaining the straw on the soil surface reduces the ammonium levels and increases the microbial biomass carbon content of the soil. The application of increasing doses of N in the soil provides increases in the levels of nitrate and ammonium in the soil up to 28 days after emergence. The ...

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science

A field trial was conducted at rice research station, Kaul (Kaithal) of CCSHAU, Hisar during the Rabi season to study theeffect of tillage practices and residue retention on nutrient content in seed and straw of different wheat varieties. The six wheat varieties viz; HD 2967, HD 3086, WH 1105, WH 711, WH 1124 and WH 1142 were grown under four tillage systems: turbo seeder with full residue retention, turbo seeder with intact residue, zero tillage with no residue and conventional tillage with no residue methods. The nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) content in seed and straw were not influenced by different sowing techniques during both the years but nitrogen content was significantly affected during second year of study. However, the maximum N, P and K content (%) in seed and straw of wheat was achieved with turbo seeder sowing wheat under full residue retention and minimum content was recorded in conventional tillage with no residue retention during both years. Among v...

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2019

Agronomy Journal, 2000

the soil , burning rice straw releases amounts of both CH 4 and NO 2 Nitrogen fertility is an important component of rice (Oryza sativa comparable to that from decomposing straw (Miura and L.) cultivation systems, especially where air and soil quality issues . By increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) have prompted a search for alternatives to rice straw burning. This study examined the effects of different rice straw management prac-levels, incorporation of rice straw may reduce the retices and winter flooding on yield, N uptake, and N use efficiency. lease of greenhouse gases, including CO 2 , until SOC The experiment, established on two sites in California, was initiated reaches a maximum level. Intentional winter (fallow in 1993 on a Sodic Endoaquert near Maxwell and in 1994 on a Xeric season) flooding is utilized in California to aid decompo-Duraquert near Biggs. Main plot treatments were winter flooding sition of rice straw in the field and in the process restore and no winter flooding, and four straw management practices-straw historical winter wetland habitat for migrating waterburned, incorporated, rolled, and baled/removed-were subplot treatfowl (Elphick and Oring, 1998).

Biological Sciences - PJSIR, 2012

Soil Science Society of …, 2001

rope have been required to adopt alternative straw management practices, because burning has raised air pollu-A recent transition in rice straw management, from open-field tion concerns (Ocio et al., 1991; Eagle et al., 2000). In burning to soil incorporation in combination with winter-fallow flooding, has led to uncertainty in evaluating long-term N fertility. A 2-yr California, soil incorporation of crop residues during field study of 15 N-labeled fertilizer and crop residue was initiated in the fall and shallow flooding of fields during the winterthe fourth year of a rice straw management trial to examine the fallow period has replaced open-field burning. These impacts of winter flooding and straw management on N fertilizer changes in straw management have prompted a reexamimmobilization and crop uptake. After six seasons of residue incorpoination of N immobization-mineralization dynamics ration and winter flooding, no effect on total soil C or N was observed. and their effect on N fertility in rice soils. In California, During the fifth and sixth year of the field study, microbial biomass rice straw production is 8 to 10 Mg ha Ϫ1 , and it contains C and N were greater for straw incorporation than for straw burned. 50 to 70 kg N ha Ϫ1 (Brandon et al., 1995). The traditional Microbial biomass contained a sizable portion of soil-recovered 15 N practice of burning eliminates 70 to 80% of the C and fertilizer after the first (23%) and second (10%) crop season of the N held in the straw, crown, and roots (Hill et al., 1999). 15 N study. The half-life of the 15 N in the biomass ranged from 0.55 to 0.87 yr. One year after 15 N-fertilizer application, greater recovery of Most of the straw C and N left after burning remains 15 N in the soil from straw incorporation versus burning (22.2 versus in the form of noncombusted root, crown, and stubble. 18.7%) resulted in a slight increase in residual fertilizer N recovery Consequently, the change from burning to straw incorin grain in the second growing season of the 15 N study. Increased soil poration and winter flooding will likely alter the cycling 15 N recovery 1 yr after fertilizer application in the straw incorporation of C and N in soil. treatment, however, was offset by higher grain recovery of 15 N in the Although many studies have reported the fate of burned treatment during the first growing season. Hence, the net added 15 N-labeled fertilizer N in lowland rice agroecoresult of these competing soil and plant sinks for fertilizer N led to systems, most investigations were limited to the measimilar 15 N losses after 2 yr (50.3 Ϯ 2.2%) under burned and incorposurement of total fertilizer N in the plant and recovery rated straw. The cumulative effects of straw incorporation resulted in the soil (Patnaik and Broadbent, 1967; Patrick and in greater net N mineralization, an increase in microbial biomass N, and greater recovery of 15 N in soil one year after application. Clearly, Reddy, 1976; Clement et al., 1995). Few investigations an active, labile N pool was formed when straw was incorporated that have directly examined the pathways of N immobilizaled to a reduction in fertilizer N dependency for rice. Recently, grain producers in North America and Eurice farm in the northern Sacramento Valley, near Maxwell, CA (USA). The soil is classified as a fine, smectitic, superac