Numerical Analysis

Kertas konsep ini membincangkan pelbagai isu berkaitan mata pelajaran baru di sekolah menengah akademik yang dikenali sebagai Pendidikan Asas Vokasional (PAV) yang baru dilaksanakan pada tahun 2013. PAV merupakan matapelajaran berasaskan kompetensi (Competency Based Education/ CBE) yang merangkumi pelaksanaan pengajaran dan pembelajaran serta pentaksiran berasaskan keterampilan. Justeru, fokus utama kertas ini ialah untuk mengupas mengenai isu serta cabaran terhadap pelaksanaan PAV daripasa aspek penyediaan dan latihan guru, proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran, penyediaan sumber, bahan dan peralatan, serta sistem penilaian dan pentaksiran. Adalah diharapkan kertas konsep ini dapat memperluaskan perspektif dan pemahaman terhadap pelbagai isu berkaitan dengan proses pelaksanaan program PAV di sekolah-sekolah menengah harian biasa di Negara ini. Kata Kunci: PAV, isu dan cabaran brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk

Kertas konsep ini membincangkan pelbagai isu berkaitan mata pelajaran baru di sekolah menengah akademik yang dikenali sebagai Pendidikan Asas Vokasional (PAV) yang baru dilaksanakan pada tahun 2013. PAV merupakan matapelajaran berasaskan kompetensi (Competency Based Education/ CBE) yang merangkumi pelaksanaan pengajaran dan pembelajaran serta pentaksiran berasaskan keterampilan. Justeru, fokus utama kertas ini ialah untuk mengupas mengenai isu serta cabaran terhadap pelaksanaan PAV daripasa aspek penyediaan dan latihan guru, proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran, penyediaan sumber, bahan dan peralatan, serta sistem penilaian dan pentaksiran. Adalah diharapkan kertas konsep ini dapat memperluaskan perspektif dan pemahaman terhadap pelbagai isu berkaitan dengan proses pelaksanaan program PAV di sekolah-sekolah menengah harian biasa di Negara ini. Kata Kunci: PAV, isu dan cabaran brought to you by CORE View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk

Arti cial Life and the more general area of Complex Systems does not have a uni ed theoretical framework although most theoretical work in these areas is based on simulation. This is primarily due to an insu cient representational power of the classical mathematical frameworks for the description of discrete dynamical systems of interacting objects with often complex internal states. Unlike computation or the numerical analysis of di erential equations, simulation does not have a well established conceptual and mathematical foundation. Simulation is an arguable unique union of modeling and computation. However, simulation also quali es as a separate species of system representation with its own motivations, characteristics, and implications. This work outlines how simulation can be rooted in mathematics and shows which properties some of the elements of such a mathematical framework has. The properties of simulation are described and analyzed in terms of properties of dynamical systems. It is shown how and why a simulation produces emergent behavior and why the analysis of the dynamics of the system being simulated always is an analysis of emergent phenomena. Indeed, the single fundamental class of properties of the natural world that simulation will open to new understanding, is that which occurs only in the dynamics produced by the interactions of the components of complex systems. Simulation o ers a synthetic, formal framework for the experimental mathematics of representation and analysis of complex dynamical systems. A notion of a universal simulator and the de nition of simulatability is proposed. This allows a description of conditions under which simulations can distribute update functions over system components, thereby determining simulatability. The connection between the notion of simulatability and the notion of computability is de ned and the concepts are distinguished. The basis of practical detection methods for determining e ectively non-simulatable systems in practice is presented. The conceptual framework is illustrated through examples from molecular self-assembly end engineering.

In this paper, a new design for a coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed, aperture antenna is introduced. This CPW aperture antenna is designed at a central frequency around 10 GHz with an input impedance of approximately 50 R. Numerical simulation is performed for antenna analysis using Momentum from the Advanced Design System (ADS) software package of Agilent Technologies. The bandwidth of this basic Bow-Tie aperture antenna is about 1 GHz and the retum loss of approximately -18 dB. Another advanced design for this basic Bow-Tie aperture antenna shows a bandwidth of 1.3 GHz with a retum loss of -40 dB around 10 GHz. Simulation results for retum IOSS, input impedance and radiation pattem are presented. These characteristies make thsse two antennas suitable for antenna arrays for radar applications.

A numerical analysis of two-conductor transmission line with a rectangular notch in the dielectric between the strips is presented. Three media integral equations are derived and solved for the charge distributions. The decoupling between such twoconductor coupled microstrip transmission line is investigated for asymmetric conductors. It is found that the coupling between two conducting lines can be reduced significantly by removing dielectric material between the lines which has a rectangular shape. For best decoupling, the width should be as wide as possible between the conducting lines but the depth should have an optima somewhere in the base dielectric substrate.

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Je remercie DIEU tout puissant de m'avoir donné la foie, le courage pour réaliser ce modeste travail et qui a mis dans mon chemin les bonnes personnes et m'a con…é aux bonnes mains. Je tiens en premier lieu à exprimer mes plus vifs remerciements à Madame K.Khelou… ma promotrice pour l'intéressant sujet qu'elle m'a proposé. Ainsi que pour son aide sa patience ses conseils et ses encouragements sa grande disponibilité et son ouverture d'esprit qui m'ont aidé à mener à bien ce travail. Je lui suis également reconnaissante pour la connaissance qu'elle ma accordée. Il m'est impossible de lui exprimer toute ma gratitude en seulement quelques lignes. J'adresse ma profonde gratitude et mes remerciements les plus vifs à Monsieur A. Berboucha, pour m'avoir fait l'honneur de présider le jury de cette soutenance. Je tiens à remercier également Madame S.Allili-Zahar qui a accepté d'examiner cet humble travail. Mes derniers et profonds remerciements vont à mes chers parents, frère et soeur, pour leur soutien et leur con…ance en moi, sans oublier mes amis et tous ceux qui ont servis, de près ou de loin pour achever ce travail. . i Je dédie ce modeste travail à: Mes chers parents qui étaient toujours attentifs, a¤ectueux et compréhensifs qui m'ont soutenu durant les laborieuses années de mes études, à qui je témoigne toute ma gratitude. Mon cher frère: houssem et ma cher soeur: naila. Mes très chers grand-parents. Ma chere grande famille: mes oncles et mes tantes, mes cousins et mes cousines. Toutes mes amies. Toute ma famille chacun par son nom. Tous les étudiants de notre département, en particulier notre promotion. I. X C(I; J) : l'espace des fonctions continue sur I à valeurs dans J: [a; b]): l'espace des fonctions u mesurables sur [a; b] et véri…ant b R a ju (t)j p dt < 1: Notations et conventions Si la réponse est a¢ rmative, on passe à d'autres questions: comment la solution peut-elle être construite ou approchée? Combien de solutions y a-t-il ? Quelle est la structure de l'ensemble de toutes les solutions? Dans ce mémoire, on s'intéresse notamment à l'étude d'existence de points …xes positifs d'une contraction stricte d'ensembles en prolongeant le concept de l'indice du point …xe dé…ni pour les applications complètement continues à des classes d'applications plus larges (les contractions strictes d'ensembles et les applications condensantes). Une contraction stricte d'ensemble est une application telle que l'image de tout ensemble borné est en un certain sens plus compacte que l'ensemble lui-même. Le degré de non-compacité est mesuré à l'aide d'une fonction appelée mesure de non-compacité. Le premier qui a considéré la mesure de non-compacité d'un sous-ensemble A d'un espace métrique est K. Kuratowski en 1930. Dans les années cinquante, G. Darbo, A. Furi, M.A. Krasnosel'skii et autres ont appliqué di¤érentes mesures de non-compacité dans les théories du point …xe, des applications linéaires et des équations di¤érentielles et intégrales. Ce mémoire comprend trois chapitres: Le premier chapitre contient un ensemble de dé…nitions et de résultats qui nous seront indispensables à la compréhension de la suite de cette étude. Ces résultats concernent essentiellement les notions suivantes: la mesure de non-compacité de Kuratowski, les contractions strictes d'ensembles, les applications condensantes et les cônes. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous présentons quelques théorèmes du point …xe sur les cônes pour les contractions strictes d'ensembles qui entraînent l'existence ou la multiplicité d'un point …xe positif. La première section de ce chapitre est consacrée à la dé…nition de l'indice du point …xe pour une contraction stricte d'ensembles. Dans la deuxième section, nous rassemblons quelques lemmes fondamentaux utiles pour la suite de ce travail, puis nous donnons quelques développements récents du célèbre théorème de Krasnosel'skii, établi en 1960 et développé par la suite par beaucoup d'auteurs, on peut citer les travaux de Guo ([14],1988), Avery et Anderson ([3], 2002), Avery, Anderson et Krueger ([4], 2006). Ces récents développements sont dû à Sun ([26], 1986), Meiqiang, Zhang et Weigao ([20], 2010) pour les contractions strictes d'ensembles. Dans la troisième section, nous nous intéressons à l'existence des points …xes multiples d'une contraction stricte d'ensembles dé…nie sur un cône dans un espace de Banach ordonné. Plus précisément, nous présentons

This paper proposes a postprocessor which applies the appropriate rotation rules to reduce the kinematic error (KE). Our first contribution is an algorithm which minimizes the KE using the Hausdorff distance. The shortest path algorithm includes the constraints relevant to the limits of the linear and the rotation axis. The proposed procedure is compared with state-of-the-art methods. It demonstrates an advantage in terms of the kinematic error for test surfaces characterized by a sharp curvature. The second contribution is testing interpolation methods of the STL surfaces. The first step of this procedure is the evaluation of the tessellation error (TE), i.e., the difference between the actual surface and the local or global interpolation obtained from the STL file. The numerical results show that a simple local interpolation using normal vectors proposed by Nagata performs well. The method has been tested against several state-of-the-art interpolation procedures, demonstrating a significant advantage. The proposed elements are integrated into a postprocessor. The experiments have been performed on a virtual and the actual tilt-table five-axis machining center (Haas VF-2TR).

Odd-even grid oscillation is an artifact frequently observed in numerical solutions for differential equations when they are discretized by central difference, and it is a critical issue in pursuing high-fidelity simulation of various physical phenomena. Although such oscillation has been a classic topic, there is lack of a direct, complete explanation on its onset and behaviors. From an angle different from those in literature, this paper revisits the topic, and it makes a systematic analysis in conjunction with numerical illustration on the oscillation in model problems, presenting criteria and a rigorous but direct and plain explanation on its presence and behaviors. Two types of odd-even grid oscillation are identified; one comes from dual-mode patterns in numerical solutions, and the other results from inconsistency of boundary conditions. The first type of the oscillation decays with grid spacing, while the second one tends to remain regardless of its size. As a consequence of their presence in single-domain solutions, the two kinds of fluctuation also occur in computation by domain decomposition, and additionally they are altered by algorithms of the decomposition. Further analysis demonstrates that the fluctuation inherited in the model problems also leads to zig-zag forms in solutions for more complicated nonlinear flow problems when they are solved either in a single domain or two subdomains. It is anticipated that understanding of the spurious oscillation obtained in this study will shed light on development of methods for its control and removal.

A study is presented on the convergence of the computation of coupled advectiondiffusion-reaction equations. In the computation, the equations with different coefficients and even types are assigned in two subdomains, and Schwarz iteration is made between the equations when marching from a time level to the next one. The analysis starts with the linear systems resulting from the full discretization of the equations by explicit schemes. Conditions for convergence are derived, and its speedup and the effects of difference in the equations are discussed. Then, it proceeds to an implicit scheme, and a recursive expression for convergence speed is derived. An optimal interface condition for the Schwarz iteration is obtained, and it leads to "perfect convergence", that is, convergence within two times of iteration. Furthermore, the methods and analyses are extended to the coupling of the viscous Burgers equations. Numerical experiments indicate that the conclusions, such as the "perfect convergence, " drawn in the linear situations may remain in the Burgers equations' computation.

The nonstandard (NS) finite difference time domain (FDTD) algorithm provides remarkably high accuracy on a coarse grid by optimizing to monochromatic wave propagation within each uniform region. But, an effective absorbing boundary condition (ABC) is also necessary to accurately calculate electromagnetic fields. Although Berenger's perfectly matched layer (PML) is a highly effective ABC, there is still no NSformulation of it. In this paper, we develop a NSversion of the PML (NS-PML). We compare the NS-PML with other ABCs and demonstrate its excellent absorption.

Although predictive forward gait simulators have existed for a little while, only few sensitivity studies have been proposed. We present a study analysing precision, accuracy, stability and sensitivity of such simulator. We studied a gait simulator based on the trajectory mimicking method proposed by Lee et al. . We assessed the effect of motion variation on the resulting gait simulation using the sensitivity analysis method proposed by Saltelli et al. . Our method supports the use of this simulator for prediction.

A model and analytical method for solving a problem of coupled fluid flow in the reservoir/well system is presented. The 3-D drainage area is composed of three connected media: the tubing, the annuli (considered as a super conducting collector), and the reservoir itself. To couple the fluid flows in these areas a non-overlapping Dirichlet-Neumann domain decomposition method is developed theoretically and tested numerically. The method allows to build an analytical hybrid simulator for accurate evaluation of the impact of the main geometrical and hydrodynamic parameters of the 3-D system on the pressure drop along the horizontal well and on its production index.

Motivated by the reservoir engineering concept of the well productivity index (PI) we study a time dependent functional for general nonlinear Forchheimer equation. The PI of the well characterizes the well capacity with respect to drainage area of the well. Unlike the linear case for which this concept is well developed, there are only a few recent publications dedicated to the PI for nonlinear case. In this paper the PI is comprehensively studied both theoretically and numerically. The impact of the nonlinearity of the flow filtration on the value of the PI is analyzed. Exact formula for the so called “skin factor” in radial case is derived depending on the rate of the flow, the order of nonlinearity and the geometric parameters. Dynamics of the PI for the class of boundary conditions is studied and its convergence to the specific value of steady state PI was justified. Developed framework is applied to obtain nonlinear analog of Peaceman formula for the well-block pressure in unst...

We deal with transmission phenomena across highly conductive interfaces, investigating the limit behavior of solutions for second order transmission problems. In particular, we investigate via finite element method the influence of thermal conductivity on the heat flux flowing into an interface.

In this Note, we present some c 0 -semigroup generation results in L p -spaces for the advection operator submitted to non-contractive boundary conditions covering in particular the classical Maxwell-type boundary conditions. To cite this article: B. Lods, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 335 (2002) 655-660.  2002 Académie des sciences/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS Résumé Dans cette Note, on présente quelques résultats de génération de c 0 -semigroupe dans les espaces L p pour l'opérateur d'advection soumis à des conditions aux limites non contractives, couvrant par exemple les conditions frontières de type Maxwell. Pour citer cet article : B. Lods, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 335 (2002) 655-660.  2002 Académie des sciences/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS L'objectif de cette Note est d'énoncer quelques résultats de génération de c 0 -semigroupe dans L p (1 p < ∞) pour l'opérateur d'advection soumis à des conditions aux limites non-contractives. Ici, est un ouvert régulier de R N (N 1) désignant indifféremment un domaine intérieur ou extérieur, alors que V désigne le support d'une mesure de Radon positivie dµ sur R N . L'opérateur T H décrit le transport de particules (neutrons, molécules gazeuses, etc.) dans le domaine . La fonction ψ(x, v) désigne la densité de particules ayant la position x ∈ animées de la vitesse v ∈ V . Les conditions aux limites associées à cet opérateur sont gouvernées par un opérateur linéaire H reliant la distribution de particules sur le bord rentrant -à celle sur le bord sortant + : désignant le vecteur normal extérieur à en x ∈ ∂ . L'opérateur frontière H est un opérateur linéaire et borné de L + p sur L - p où L ± p sont des espaces de traces

This study explores the symbolic and numerical structures in two foundational Abrahamic texts: the Qur’an and the Torah. It focuses on the Qur’an’s open, mathematically coherent system—particularly the prominence of the number 19—as a model of divine clarity, in contrast to the encrypted, mystical use of numbers in Jewish Gematria. The paper examines historical, theological, and philosophical implications of each system, analyzing how they function as tools of revelation, concealment, or spiritual interpretation. This research opens a cross-traditional dialogue on the role of numbers in faith, epistemology, and authority.

We consider the problem of minimizing a continuous function f over a compact set K. We analyze a hierarchy of upper bounds proposed by Lasserre in [SIAM J. Optim. 21(3) (2011), pp. 864 -885], obtained by searching for an optimal probability density function h on K which is a sum of squares of polynomials, so that the expectation K f (x)h(x)dx is minimized. We show that the rate of convergence is O(1/ √ r), where 2r is the degree bound on the density function. This analysis applies to the case when f is Lipschitz continuous and K is a full-dimensional compact set satisfying some boundary condition (which is satisfied, e.g., for polytopes and the Euclidean ball). The rth upper bound in the hierarchy may be computed using semidefinite programming if f is a polynomial of degree d, and if all moments of order up to 2r + d of the Lebesgue measure on K are known, which holds for example if K is a simplex, hypercube, or a Euclidean ball.

An analysis of quasi-optical grills for lower-hybrid waves for heating and current drive purposes is presented. The tokamak plasma density versus the abscissa entering the plasma is assumed to behave like a step and a subsequent ramp. The study is performed by means of a two-dimensional formulation employing cylindrical waves. A detailed numerical analysis is presented, which allows us to show results for different configurations useful in practical cases and comparisons with the constant-density case.

Abstract: The effect of heat flux on pollutant dispersion in an urban street canyon with fixed aspect ratio of 1 is investigated under four different heating configurations: windward heating, leeward heating, ground heating, and walls and ground heating, using large-eddy simulations (LES). For each heating configuration, the Reynolds number is varied from 400 to 3,000 and the Grashof number from 80,000 to 800,000. The retention value (the ratio of pollutant remaining inside canyon to the total pollutant emitted) is used to compare the ...

We analyse the double pendulum system numerically, using a modified mid point integrator. Poincare ´sections and bifurcation diagrams are constructed for certain, characteristic values of energy. The largest Lyapunov characteristic exponents are also calculated. All three methods confirm the passing of the system from the regular low energy limit into chaos as energy is increased.

We analyse the double pendulum system numerically, using a modified mid point integrator. Poincare ´sections and bifurcation diagrams are constructed for certain, characteristic values of energy. The largest Lyapunov characteristic exponents are also calculated. All three methods confirm the passing of the system from the regular low energy limit into chaos as energy is increased.

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author JS worked on the methodology adopted and its implementation on test problems using software. Authors MPA and JAK analyzed the basic properties of the method and also managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

In this work we present a simplified study of the tone of some string instruments as piano, harpsichord, harp andguitar. The study is done from the unidimensional d’Alembert equation without damping, gravity and string rigidityeffects. The amplitud of the eight first harmonics is calculated and compared with real instruments. The importance ofthe initial conditions on the produced harmonic is shown.

In this paper, the author present a reliable symbolic computational algorithm for inverting a general comrade matrix by using parallel computing along with recursion. The computational cost of our algorithm is O(n 2 ). The algorithm is implementable to the Computer Algebra System (CAS) such as MAPLE, MATLAB and MATHEMATICA. Three examples are presented for the sake of illustration.

The use of intelligent controllers applied to indus-trial systems has been getting usual, not only in the process control as in the literature. The most utilized control methodology, within the artificial intelligent techniques, is based in fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic controllers consist of the ...

─ Main purpose of this paper is to present a solution to electromagnetic scattering by bianisotropic dispersive materials. The presented solutions provide a reference baseline that can be used for comparison reasons by other researchers dealing with scattering by bianisotropic dispersive media. The solution algorithm based on the method of moments and mixed potential equations is tested through a few cases of dispersive scatterers and first known solutions to these problems are obtained. The proposed method has an advantage over the time domain methods as it does not rely on the Z-transform of the analytical expressions necessary to be used when dispersive media are present in the problem of interest. Index Terms ─ Chiral, chiroferrite, dispersive, electromagnetic scattering, ferrite, and method of moments.

Most medical datasets are not balanced in their class labels. Indeed in some cases it has been no ticed that the given class labels do not accurately represent characteristics of the data record. Most existing classification methods tend not to perform well on minority class examples when the dataset is extremely imbalanced. This is because they aim to optimize the overall accuracy without considering the relative distribution of each class. In this paper we propose a cluster based under sampling technique that solves the class imbalance problem for our cardiovascular data. It shows significant better performance than existing methods.

Class S m variable transformations with integer m, for numerical computation of finite-range integrals, were introduced and studied by the author in the paper [A. Sidi, A new variable transformation for numerical integration, Numerical Integration IV, 1993 (H. Brass and G. Hämmerlin, eds.), pp. 359-373.] A representative of this class is the sin m -transformation that has been used with lattice rules for multidimensional integration. These transformations "periodize" the integrand functions in a way that enables the trapezoidal rule to achieve very high accuracy, especially with even m. In the present work, we extend these transformations to arbitrary values of m, and give a detailed analysis of the resulting transformed trapezoidal rule approximations. We show that, with suitable m, they can be very useful in different situations. We prove, for example, that if the integrand function is smooth on the interval of integration and vanishes at the endpoints, then results of especially high accuracy are obtained by taking 2m to be an odd integer. Such a situation can be realized in general by subtracting from the integrand the linear interpolant at the endpoints of the interval of integration. We also illustrate some of the results with numerical examples via the extended sin m -transformation.

An efficient automatic quadrature procedure is developed for numerically computing the integrals 0 , where the function is smooth and nonoscillatory at infinity and is the Bessel functions of order ν =1,0 and 1/4. The procedure involves the use of an automatic integration scheme of modified FFT used for evaluating Fourier integrals and product type integration, and the modified W-transformation used for computing oscillatory infinite integrals.

Human reliability analysis is a systematic framework, which includes the process of evaluation of human performance and associated impacts on structures, systems and components for a complex facility. The update of Human Reliability Analysis in Probabilistic Safety Assessment of a Nuclear Power Plant requires the development of an overall method for the human reliability analysis. The update is needed as the original human reliability analysis was performed years ago, as the methods have been improved, as the requirements for performing the analyses have changed and as the additional good practice was gained in the mean time. The method for update of human reliability analysis is developed with consideration of the current requirements and the good practice. The selected features of existing methods and the selected specific features are introduced into the method. The evaluation is performed and the preliminary results of human reliability analysis are introduced into the probabilistic safety assessment model. The preliminary results of evaluating the probabilistic safety assessment model identify the key risk contributors and the areas for possible improvement.

Human reliability analysis is a systematic framework, which includes the process of evaluation of human performance and associated impacts on structures, systems and components for a complex facility. The update of Human Reliability Analysis in Probabilistic Safety Assessment of a Nuclear Power Plant requires the development of an overall method for the human reliability analysis. The update is needed as the original human reliability analysis was performed years ago, as the methods have been improved, as the requirements for performing the analyses have changed and as the additional good practice was gained in the mean time. The method for update of human reliability analysis is developed with consideration of the current requirements and the good practice. The selected features of existing methods and the selected specific features are introduced into the method. The evaluation is performed and the preliminary results of human reliability analysis are introduced into the probabili...

The existing internal flooding probabilistic safety analysis (PSA) study of Krško NPP was upgraded in response to the Krsko Periodic Safety Review (PSR) issues concerning the screening criteria for internal floods, residual risk from screened out areas and propagation of scenarios to plant damage states and Level 2. The area screening process was revisited in order to cover also the areas with relevant risk potential, although without automatic reactor trip equipment, which may have been screened out in the original study. Through the screening process, the residual core damage frequency (CDF) from screened out areas was systematically estimated in order to demonstrate that its combined value is acceptably low as compared to the total estimated internal flooding CDF. In the next step, the internal flooding PSA model was extended to Level 2 in order to address the corresponding PSR issue. All Level 1 core damage sequences from the internal flooding event trees in the PSA model were e...

This article presents the mixing performance of bio-mimetic cilia in a circular microchamber that is compatible with microwell plates. The mixing performance is characterized and compared with those of both diffusionand vibration-induced mixers. To represent the mixing performance, the 90% mixing time, which was the time span for 90% mixing completion, was measured by analyzing the mixing process of black ink with water. The cilia mixer reduced the 90% mixing time by 8.0-and 1.4 times compared with those of the diffusion-and vibration mixers, respectively. In addition, the coefficient of variation of the 90% mixing time for the cilia mixer was reduced by 3.1and 2.8 times compared with those of the diffusion-and vibration mixers, respectively. The experimental mixing performance was validated by numerical analysis. The simulations showed that the cilia mixer could significantly reduce the coefficient of variation because the convective flows generated by the cilia rapidly increased the surface area of the ink and thus rapidly decreased the variations in the initial mixing conditions.

In this paper a method for the parameter estimation of a Weibull distribution is explained. It is based on the estimates of the cumulative probability function performed by a wavelet method. The estimates, obtained by the application of the proposed method, are compared with the results based on other literature estimators. In particular, it is shown that the estimates are stable also when samples show outliers. Such a method could be utilised in mechanical applications (e.g. transmissions, rolling organs, kinematics couples effort subjected) or time series analysis.

In this study, self-similar solutions for cylindrically symmetric flow driven by a moving piston in a dusty gas are obtained using a mathematical model. One-dimensional unsteady viscous magnetohydrodynamic flow is assumed. The dusty gas medium is thought to have a mixture of real gas and uniformly distributed micro-size solid particles. For the flow, it is assumed that the equilibrium condition holds. Shock is assumed to be strong and propagate through a medium in a power law. When the flow between the shock and the piston is isothermal or adiabatic, solutions are derived, and a comparative study is presented. The purpose of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of shock wave behavior in a magnetised environment of dusty gas with viscosity. The results show that for various values of non-idealness parameters in the presence of viscosity, the flow variables have distinct properties in dust-free gas and dusty gas.

The time–fractional reaction–diffusion (TFRD) model has broad physical perspectives and theoretical interpretation, and its numerical techniques are of significant conceptual and applied importance. A numerical technique is constructed for the solution of the TFRD model with the non-singular kernel. The Caputo–Fabrizio operator is applied for the discretization of time levels while the extended cubic B-spline (ECBS) function is applied for the space direction. The ECBS function preserves geometrical invariability, convex hull and symmetry property. Unconditional stability and convergence analysis are also proved. The projected numerical method is tested on two numerical examples. The theoretical and numerical results demonstrate that the order of convergence of 2 in time and space directions.

Near-full scale testing and analysis of a 2x1 steel pile group shake-table experiment using the largest laminar container in the world are presented. At NIED (National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention), Japan, a large-scale shake-table test physically modeled the seismic interaction between a full-size pile group and liquefied sand. The large experimental database includes 570 time histories for the three shaking events. Visual analysis using web-based interactive tools (http://geotechvisual.ucsd.edu) captures essential behavior aspects than otherwise had not been detected. Saturated sand-pile interaction is significant during the stage of pore water pressure increase until reaching the zero effective stress condition. P-y analysis reveals agreement with previous p-y curves reported in the literature.

One-dimensional flow of converging shock waves in cylindrical symmetry in MHD, which is propagating into plasma, is analyzed. Due to implosion (by impulse method), plasma is assumed to be generated and is assumed to be non-ideal gas whose equation of state is of Mie–Gruneisen type. Suitable transformations reduce the governing equations into ordinary differential equations of Poincare type. Shock is assumed to be strong and propagating into a medium according to a power law. In the present work, two different equations of state (EOS) of Mie–Gruneisen type have been considered with suitable material constants and the cylindrical case is worked out in detail. The complete set of governing equations is formulated as finite difference problem and solved numerically using MATLAB. The numerical technique applied in this paper provides a global solution to the implosion problem for the flow variables, the similarity exponent for different Gruneisen parameters. It is shown that increase in ...

Using a so-called unknown input observer (UIO) the transpiration of a crop in a greenhouse is on-line estimated. In this way a useful tool for the horticultural practice is developed, giving the grower instantaneous insight in the status of his crop. The design, implementation and performance in practice will be shown.

In this paper we present a solution to the Volterra integro-differential equations (VIDE) by the Tau method with arbitrary polynomial bases. We apply some simple matrices in extension of the Tau method for the numerical solution of VIDE. In particular the Chebyshev and Legendre polynomials are applied as the bases polynomials. The results of examples are illustrated that the Tau method bases are very useful in computing a numerical solution of VIDE.

In this paper, we identify some of the computational advances that have been contributing to the efficient solution of mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problems. Recent features added to MILP solvers at the algorithmic level and at the hardware level have been contributing to the increasingly efficient solution of more difficult and larger problems. Therefore, we will focus on the main advances in terms of hardware, and algorithms in one commercial solver to demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of the recent features. Special attention is given to the utilization of multiple threads, parallelization modes, and the integration of heuristics with the branch and cut algorithm. Two problems are used to show the advantages of some of the new options. The results show that while some of the new features may help on the solution of difficult problems, they can also reduce the performance on relatively easy problems.

In the present paper, the propagation of surface wave in a generalized thermoelastic solid with voids is considered. The governing equations are solved to obtain the general solution in x-z plane. The appropriate boundary conditions at an interface between two dissimilar half-spaces are satisfied by appropriate particular solutions to obtain the frequency equation of the surface wave in the medium. Some special cases are also discussed.

In the context of random environment, time-domain simulations of structural responses are often necessary when the structure is nonlinear, but not only : when the structure is linear and the excitation modelled as a non-stationnary non-Gaussian process, Monte Carlo approaches are necessary to identify the probabilistic distribution of the output. It is for example the case in seismic analysis. In this paper we use a stochastic model developped earlier by the authors for non-stationnary and non-Gaussian random processes. It is based on an empirical Karhunen-Loève expansion of the process constructed from an available data basis. In a first part we study the particular case of linear structures. The Monte Carlo becomes particularely simple: one needs only to consider the construction of a low number of responses, corresponding to the deterministic eigen functions of the Karhunen-Loève expansion. The KL expansion of the response is then obtained directly. In a second part we study the case of nonlinear structures. We propose here to construct the Karhunen Loève model of the response, using the experimental input data basis for constructing a data basis for the response.