Oil Price Pass through to Agricultural Commodities ^†

ECONOMIC COMPUTATION AND ECONOMIC CYBERNETICS STUDIES AND RESEARCH, 2019

This paper investigates how do oil price changes affect the major agricultural commodities (barley, corn, rice, soybean and wheat) in the different timehorizons and in the different market conditions. For computation purposes we employ a wavelet-based quantile approach. We find strong transmission effect from oil only in the tail quantiles in the longer time-horizons, which is especially true for barley, corn and soybean. It is an indication that the agricultural commodities are affected by oil in the periods of increased market turbulence, regardless of whether it is characterized by increasing or decreasing prices of these commodities. Barley and corn experience the spillover effect in the periods of the rising agricultural prices, and this impact reaches almost 30% in the long-term horizon. The wavelet cross-correlation results provide strong evidence that corn and soybean lead oil in midterm and long-term horizons.

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2021

In this paper we exploit the wavelet analysis approach to investigate oil-food price correlation and its determinants in the domains of time and frequency. Wavelet analysis is able to differentiate high frequency from low frequency movements which correspond, respectively, to short and long run dynamics. We show that the significant local correlation between food and oil is only apparent and this is mainly due both to the activity of commodity index investments and, to a lesser extent, to a growing demand from emerging economies. Moreover, the activity of commodity index investments gives evidence of the overall financialisation process. In addition, we employ wavelet entropy to assess the predictability of the time series under consideration at different frequencies. We find that some variables share a similar predictability structure with food and oil. These variables are the ones that move the most along with oil and food. We also introduce a novel measure, the Cross Wavelet Energy Entropy Measure (CWEEM), based on wavelet transformation and information entropy, with the aim of quantifying the intrinsic predictability of food and oil given demand from emerging economies, commodity index investments, financial stress, and global economic activity. The results show that these dynamics are best predicted by global economic activity at all frequencies and by demand from emerging economies and commodity index investments at high frequencies only.

Journal of International Studies

This study examines the validity of the random walk hypothesis for some selected soft agricultural commodity prices within the context of heterogeneous market hypothesis and mean reversion hypothesis. The study employs a battery of traditional unit root tests, GARCH-based models and a novel frequency-based wavelet analysis to analyze daily data sourced from 6th of Jan 1986 to 29 th Dec 2018. Contrary to other existing studies that employed only traditional time domain unit root tests, our results reveal that soft commodity prices are mean reverting, suggesting the existence of potential excess returns for investors. Overall, our results show that the selected soft commodity series are inefficient when we factored in heteroscedascity and frequency domain into our model. Our study is an improvement on the existing studies as we analyze our data using both time and frequency domain estimates. Besides, unlike other studies that did not offer structural breaks, the current study provides structural break dates with major events in the global socioeconomic space, which are key to identifying the date of bubbles and potential signs of commodity price bubbles. Our findings have some critical implications for investors, policy makers,

Journal of International Money and Finance, 2014

This study is the first attempt to investigate both the linear and non-linear Granger causality between wavelet transformed spot and futures oil prices. Our findings consistently indicate bidirectional causality between the spot and futures oil markets at different time scales, under linear and non-linear causality assumptions, and also during the recent financial crisis. Our results tend to shed further light on the ongoing controversy over the relative price discovery role played by spot market as opposed to futures market in oil price fluctuations, especially during periods of high uncertainty.

Risks

Wavelet power spectrum (WPS) and wavelet coherence analyses (WCA) are used to examine the co-movements among oil prices, green bonds, and CO2 emissions on daily data from January 2014 to October 2022. The WPS results show that oil returns exhibit significant volatility at low and medium frequencies, particularly in 2014, 2019–2020, and 2022. Also, the Green Bond Index presents significant volatility at the end of 2019–2020 and the beginning of 2022 at low, medium, and high frequencies. Additionally, CO2 futures’ returns present high volatility at low and medium frequencies, expressly in 2015–2016, 2018, the end of 2019–2020, and 2022. WCA’s empirical findings reveal (i) that oil returns have a negative impact on the Green Bond Index in the medium term. (ii) There is a strong interdependence between oil prices and CO2 futures’ returns, in short, medium, and long terms, as inferred from the time–frequency analysis. (iii) There also is evidence of strong short, medium, and long terms c...

Finance Research Letters, 2017

This paper examines the causal relationship between commodities funds and returns using monthly data for the period May 1997 to August 2015. Given the strong evidence of nonlinearity and structural breaks, we use wavelets to analyse causality between the two variables at both time and frequency domains. Wavelet coherency reveals that these two variables are primarily positively related in the short-run and over the period of 2008 to 2015. When we investigate the phase differences over this period, we observe that flows have predicted returns over the period of 2008 to 2012, with causality running in the other direction thereafter.

Sustainability, 2018

Within the last few decades, the extended use of biodiesel and bioethanol has established interlinkages between energy markets and agricultural commodity markets. The present work examines the bivariate relationships of crude oil-corn and crude oil-soybean futures prices with the assistance of the ARDL cointegration approach. Our findings confirm that crude oil prices affect the prices of agricultural products used in the production of biodiesel, as well as of ethanol, validating the interaction of energy and agricultural commodity markets. The practical value of the present work is that the findings provide policy makers with insight into the interlinkages between agricultural and energy markets to promote biodiesel or bioethanol by affecting crude oil prices. The novelty of the present work stands on the use of futures prices that incorporate all available information and thus are more appropriate to identify supply and demand shocks and price spillovers than real prices. Finally, the period of study includes extremely low, as well as extremely high, crude oil prices and the results illustrate that biofuels cannot be substituted for crude oil and protect economies from energy volatility.

Empirical Economics, 2010

We use (cross) wavelet analysis to decompose the time-frequency effects of oil price changes on the macroeconomy. We argue that the relation between oil prices and industrial production is not clear-cut. There are periods and frequencies where the causality runs from one variable to the other and vice-versa, justifying some instability in the empirical evidence about the macroeconomic effects of oil price shocks. We also show that the volatility of both the inflation rate and the industrial output growth rate started to decrease in the decades of 1950 and 1960.

Within the last few decades, the extended use of biodiesel and bioethanol has established interlinkages between energy markets and agricultural commodity markets. The present work examines the bivariate relationships of crude oil-corn and crude oil-soybean futures prices with the assistance of the ARDL cointegration approach. Our findings confirm that crude oil prices affect the prices of agricultural products used in the production of biodiesel, as well as of ethanol, validating the interaction of energy and agricultural commodity markets. The practical value of the present work is that the findings provide policy makers with insight into the interlinkages between agricultural and energy markets to promote biodiesel or bioethanol by affecting crude oil prices. The novelty of the present work stands on the use of futures prices that incorporate all available information and thus are more appropriate to identify supply and demand shocks and price spillovers than real prices. Finally, the period of study includes extremely low, as well as extremely high, crude oil prices and the results illustrate that biofuels cannot be substituted for crude oil and protect economies from energy volatility.

This paper studies the relationship between oil price and the exchange rates of Organization of Oil Exporting Countries (OPEC) members from February 1999 to March 2016. The wavelet method is applied to combine information from both time and frequency domains, which does not require stationary and decomposition of original time series data. The study found that the strength of the relationship between oil price and exchange rate divides into three main categories, namely oil price leads exchange rate, exchange rate leads oil prices, and the relationship keeps changing. Countries which currencies pegged to US Dollar are lagging against oil price changes, countries with floating exchange rates and countries with an undisclosed weighted basket of international currencies leads the changes in oil price, and countries which their currencies pegged to special drawing right experience changing relationships. This finding suggests that the central banks of OPEC member countries should give importance to shocks on oil prices, while formulating their own exchange rate policy.