Philosophy of Science

No. Alumni Universitas HENDRI WAHYUDI No. Alumni Fakultas BIODATA a)Tempat / tanggal lahir: Bukittinggi / 20 Januari 1987 b) Nama orang tua:H.Hirwandi c) Fakultas : Ekonomi d) Jurusan : Manajemen e) No. Bp :0910525170 f) Tanggal Lulus : 02 Mei 2012 g) Predikat Lulus : Sangat Memuaskan h) IPK : 3,01 i) Lama Studi : 2 Tahun10 Bulan h) Alamat Orang Tua : Jl.Hamka No 30B Bukittinggi. PENGARUH BAURAN PROMOSI PADA KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN KONSUMEN MOBIL TOYOTA AUTO 2000 CABANG PADANG Skripsi S1 oleh : Hendri Wahyudi Pembimbing : Alfitman, SE.M.Sc ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh bauran promosi pada keputusan pembelian konsumen mobil Toyota Auto 2000 Cabang Padang. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Penjualan perseorangan (X1), Promosi penjualan (X2), Periklanan (X3) dan Hubungan masyarakat (X4) yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian konsumen. Dalam penelitian ini populasi yang diambil adalah 100 orang responden yang pernah mengambil keputusan untuk memb...

O presente trabalho objetiva analisar as influencias culturais que o meio rural proporciona aos alunos do 6o periodo de Licenciatura em Quimica na construcao conceitual da disciplina de Bioquimica, e tambem discutir uma metodologia inovadora que e o MoMuP-PE. O trabalho foi realizado no Instituto Federal do Sertao Pernambucano (IF SERTAO-PE), Campus Ouricuri. Foi percebido o potencial da nova metodologia em proporcionar ao processo de ensino-aprendizagem, a cerca do conteudo Carboidratos e que neste processo a historia cultural dos discentes e do professor estao presentes na relacao de construcao conceitual na relacao educacional.

Identifying research gaps and priorities is paramount to advance sustainability science and contribute to a sustainable future. This editorial contributes to this effort by contemplating the sustainability science research agenda and aligning it with recent changes in global dynamics. Drawing on consultations with the editorial board members of the Sustainability Science journal and a review of relevant literature, we identified 12 key research topics. These topics are interpreted within a strategic framework encompassing three key themes: (1) goals that drive sustainability science, (2) approaches to attain these goals, and (3) tools to advance sustainability science research. In so doing, this editorial emphasizes a sustainable development agenda extending beyond 2030, fostering equity and justice, and tackling issues related to power dynamics and geopolitical conflicts. It underscores the significance of research approaches to attaining sustainability goals, in particular, theorizing, coproduction of knowledge and action, attaining clarity in conceptual descriptions, and developing systems-oriented analytical frameworks. Additionally, it highlights the value of place-based approaches, learning from significant systemic shocks, and nurturing inner transformations. It also underlines the need to explore emerging technologies and data-intensive methodologies as a tool to address sustainability concerns. The systematic contemplation of the sustainability science research agenda presented in this editorial piece aims to invoke further discussion among researchers and practitioners about a fresh and relevant agenda that promotes the sustainable integration of nature and society.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11625-024-01586-3#article-info

Charles S. Peirce presented his philosophical system in eight Lectures at the Lowell Institute, Boston, in November 1903. He associated them with a Syllabus that begins with his Classification of the Sciences. Peirce, influenced by Auguste Comte, postulates that one science depends on another by borrowing its fundamental principles, while the reverse is not valid. Mathematics ranks first, as it is independent of the other sciences. He defines a science as a set of activities by men self-organized into learned societies, with their work peer-reviewed in journals. Far from being a mere taxonomy, this classification is the architectonics of Peirce's system. This proactive instrument opens up, in line with Peirce's expectations, the "exact thinking," "exact philosophy," and "exact logic" that lies at the heart of scientific discovery and knowledge. He uses trichotomies that distinguish three subsets of connected activities in each science, creating step by step a "ladder into the Well of Truth." Phenomenology (Phaneroscopy), semiotics, and the Grammar of Signs (Grammatica Speculativa) emerge during the expansion of the trichotomies. They occupy a prominent place in the architectonics and provide the framework for future chapters.

Chapitre 1 9 Création de valeur dans les filières 11 Des innovations pour revaloriser des espèces végétales sous-utilisées LÉA BERMOND 19 Les aliments simili-carnés : une nouvelle filière viande à base de végétaux ALINE DENIAU 27 Création d'une filière sur le Causse Méjean : entre cohésion sociale et développement économique LISA FERNANDES 35 L'Insetting via l'agroforesterie : comment accompagner les entreprises dans des actions climatiques intégrées au sein de la filière cacao ? RÉMI VANDE MAELE 43 FeedAccess, la formulation d'aliments du bétail à portée de tous GUILLAUME MÉRIC 51 Mécanisation de la post-récolte de quinoa : l'innovation au service des cultures ancestrales ! FLORENCIA CAPPIELLO 59 Production intégrée : quel potentiel pour redynamiser la filière piscicole marine française ? BENJAMIN DUCHÉ 65 L'aridoculture, une rétro-innovation ? BLANDINE ARVIS Chapitre 2 73 Dynamiques territoriales 75 Les agriparcs sur la Métropole de Montpellier : un difficile équilibre entre alimentation durable et développement urbain MATHILDE COUDRAY 83 L'agriparc du Mas Nouguier, un lieu multifonctionnel porteur de durabilité RACHEL GÉRARDIN 91 Connect the Dots, São Paulo (Brésil) -Du laboratoire urbain au système agroalimentaire local RENAUD GUILLONNET 99 Des modèles de politiques alimentaires : les cas de Belo Horizonte et Medellín MARIE-FLORE DOYEN 107 Qualitropic : au service de l'innovation ! LOU CHADEBECH 115 Panjee : un passeport digital de produits agricoles et alimentaires LENY MOULIN Chapitre 3 123 Nouvelles structures d'économie sociale et solidaire 125 Vigne de Cocagne : première exploitation viticole d'insertion sociale et professionnelle en France FANNY BRASTEL 133 Pain et Partage et le modèle des boulangeries solidaires : témoignage d'un entrepreneuriat pétri de sens CYRIL TISSEYRE 141 Fournir une alimentation saine et de qualité en ville : le Micromarché, un système de distribution innovant AMÉLIE-CHARLOTTE COGNIET 147 L'épicerie coopérative, un espace nouveau pour conjuguer démocratie et alimentation durable ? Zoom sur CoopaParis CLAIRE BERNARDIN 155 Le Château : un lieu d'innovation performant, social et durable pour une alimentation responsable ROSE NICOT visiter la page www.supagro.fr/isam-ipad. Nous vous souhaitons une bonne lecture de ce document et vous donnons rendez-vous pour la 4 e JIPAD, le 5 avril 2018 ! STÉPHANE FOURNIER ET NICOLAS BRICAS RESPONSABLES SCIENTIFIQUES DES FORMATIONS ISAM/IPAD PASCALE MOITY-MAIZI, DAMIEN CONARÉ, AUDREY MISRAHI RESPONSABLES DE L'UNITÉ D'ENSEIGNEMENT ISAM/IPAD « ÉTUDE D'UNE INNOVATION » 1. Les vidéos sont disponibles en ligne à l'adresse :

Cet ouvrage rassemble les Actes de la 4e Journee des innovations pour une alimentation durable (Jipad) qui s’est tenue le jeudi 5 avril 2018. Cette journee a ete organisee par les participants des formations ISAM / IPAD de Montpellier SupAgro et copilotee avec le Cirad.

A task in the philosophy of discovery is to find reasoning strategies for discovery, which fall into three categories: strategies for generation, evaluation and revision. Because mechanisms are often what is discovered in biology, a new characterization of mechanism aids in their discovery. A computational system for discovering mechanisms is sketched, consisting of a simulator, a library of mechanism schemas and components, and a discoverer for generating, evaluating and revising proposed mechanism schemas. Revisions go through stages from how possibly to how plausibly to how actually.

Possest Calculus and Geometry constitute a unified philosophical-mathematical system that reframes empiricity, not as the outcome of inference, optimization, or representation, but as rhythmic persistence through reorganizational tension. Moving beyond filtration theory (Schimmelpfennig) and traditional analytic methods, Possest introduces a post-Newtonian, post-topological foundation based on survival-through-resonance. This synthesis formalizes the mathematical core of Possest, articulating key operators, geometric principles, algebraic functions, simulations, and applications within the broader framework of Omniological Resonance Theory (ORT).

Who are we

Most so-called quote-unquote normal folk usually live under the illusion that when they use the word “I” they are referring to some presence which is inside of the body.

I can feel this, I can feel that, I can sense this, and perhaps for those with the rare neurological phenomenon, synesthete, hear what they smell and smell what they see.

This presence of self is associated with the state of awareness - that fundamental part of the human experience involving consciousness, mindfulness, and cognizant of both one's external surroundings as well as internal experiences.

This paper presents an extension of Observer Theory within the context of the Ruliad, using a mathematically rigorous formalization with category theory as the unifying framework.

This paper demonstrates how the interaction between Observers and the Ruliad can give rise to hierarchical domains of reality through sampling constraints, information integration, and entropy reduction.

By formalizing the Observer as an active agent that samples and integrates information across different domains, we provide a novel approach to understanding consciousness, causation, and the nature of reality within a computational framework.

The framework reconciles discrete computational structures with apparently continuous Observer experiences, addresses the causal relationship between different domains of reality, and provides a foundation for understanding qualia through information integration within the Ruliad.

We conclude with empirical predictions and applications across physics, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence.

The original article was published with errors. The corrections are provided here. The first and third sentence of the abstract should read as "This paper presents and discusses an authentic landmark in the history of science, namely H. v. Foerster's Cybernetics of Cybernetics, 1974." and "This paper argues that von Foerster's book constitutes a unique achievement in the history of science." Under the section "Introduction", the second sentence should read "By the years 1973-1974 Heinz von Foerster was already a prominent figure in the academic world. Author of more than 100 publications, by then he had already published the most conspicuous papers and chapters that made of him a leading figure in a field that crossed physics and philosophy and the father of second order cybernetics." Under the section "Introduction", the sentence "The argument here is that von Foerster had very carefully thought and developed a second order cybernetics which can be adequately be grasped as control of control or also as the communication of communication" in the second paragraph should read as "The argument here is that von Foerster had very carefully thought and developed a second order cybernetics which can adequately be grasped." In the third paragraph, the sentence "To the best of our knowledge, the book was never published afterwards, which makes of the…" should read as "To the best of our knowledge, the book was not published for twenty years after its appearance, which makes the…" Under the section "Cybernetics of Cybernetics", first and third sentence in the first paragraph should read as "Von Foerster's book can be read and presented in several ways." and "The array of authors can be read as the sources and references…". Third paragraph should read as "The presentation that follows may seem dry to the reader. The reason for

The original article was published with errors. The corrections are provided here. The first and third sentence of the abstract should read as "This paper presents and discusses an authentic landmark in the history of science, namely H. v. Foerster's Cybernetics of Cybernetics, 1974." and "This paper argues that von Foerster's book constitutes a unique achievement in the history of science." Under the section "Introduction", the second sentence should read "By the years 1973-1974 Heinz von Foerster was already a prominent figure in the academic world. Author of more than 100 publications, by then he had already published the most conspicuous papers and chapters that made of him a leading figure in a field that crossed physics and philosophy and the father of second order cybernetics." Under the section "Introduction", the sentence "The argument here is that von Foerster had very carefully thought and developed a second order cybernetics which can be adequately be grasped as control of control or also as the communication of communication" in the second paragraph should read as "The argument here is that von Foerster had very carefully thought and developed a second order cybernetics which can adequately be grasped." In the third paragraph, the sentence "To the best of our knowledge, the book was never published afterwards, which makes of the…" should read as "To the best of our knowledge, the book was not published for twenty years after its appearance, which makes the…" Under the section "Cybernetics of Cybernetics", first and third sentence in the first paragraph should read as "Von Foerster's book can be read and presented in several ways." and "The array of authors can be read as the sources and references…". Third paragraph should read as "The presentation that follows may seem dry to the reader. The reason for

This paper offers a novel account of polysemous copredicative sentences. The solution, which it is argued enjoys a number of advantages over the alternative accounts currently on the market, is inspired by Donald Davidson’s first attempt to deal with ambiguity. Specifically, the account involves mapping ambiguities in the object language (in this case polysemous singular terms) onto ambiguities in the metalanguage. If this account is coherent and superior to its rivals, it tells us something important about logical form: the value of logical form does not lie in the elimination all lexical ambiguity.

This paper is not an interpretation of Yuk Hui's work, nor a critique of Canguilhem's normativity. Rather, it is a transductive and operatorial transformation: philosophical concepts are treated not as meanings but as sites of tension-moments of reorganization within a membrane of intensities. Through the lens of the Possest-PQF model, recursion, contingency, and technics are recast as operators of differential accessibility. The result is not a theory of thought but a map of topological bifurcations.

PIERRE DUHEM oeuvres philosophiques et historiques complètes avec extraits de l'oeuvre scientifique, introductions, notes, chronologie, bibliographie complète de Duhem, bibliographie de la littérature secondaire et index Plan de l'édition Le potentiel thermodynamique et ses applications à la mécanique chimique et à l'étude des phénomènes électriques • Compte-rendu des quatre premiers fascicules (1885-1887) de la traduction française de la deuxième édition (1881, posth.) du Traité d'électricité et de magnétisme de Maxwell • Étude sur les travaux thermodynamiques de M. J. Willard Gibbs • Compte-rendu de la Thermodynamique de Joseph Bertrand (1887) • Notice sur Bronislas-Étienne Wasserzug • Compte-rendu de la 2 de éd. (t. I : 1887 ; t. II : 1888) du Traité de physique mathématique d'Amé-Henry Resal • Compte-rendu des Leçons sur la théorie mathématique de l'électricité de Joseph Bertrand (1890) • Leçons sur l'électricité et le magnétisme, t. I : Les corps conducteurs à l'état permanent • Leçons sur l'électricité et le magnétisme, t. III : Les courants linéaires • Quelques réflexions au sujet des théories physiques • Compte-rendu de Gustav Kirchhoff, Vorlesungen über mathematische Physik, 2. Band, Mathematische Optik (1891) -Version du Bulletin des sciences mathématiques • Compte-rendu d'Henri Poincaré, Thermodynamique (1892) • Notation atomique et hypothèses atomistiques • Commentaire aux principes de la thermodynamique. Introduction et première partie : Le principe de la conservation de l'énergie • Compte-rendu de Gustav Kirchhoff, Vorlesungen über mathematische Physik, 2. Band, Mathematische Optik (1891) -Version de la Revue des questions scientifiques • Compte-rendu de Gustav Kirchhoff, Vorlesungen über mathematische Physik, 3. Band, Electricität und Magnetismus (1891) • Compte-rendu d'Henri Padé, Premières leçons d'algèbre élémentaire (1892) • Compte-rendu d'Ottokar Tumlirz, Théorie électromagnétique de la lumière, traduction de l'Elektromagnetische Theorie des Lichtes (1883) par Gustave-Léonard Van der Mensbrugghe (1892) -Version du Bulletin des sciences mathématiques

The omnipresence of the same basic equations, function forms, algorithms, and quantitative methods is one of the most spectacular characteristics of contemporary modeling practice. Recently, the emergence of the discussion of templates and template transfer has addressed this striking cross-disciplinary reach of certain mathematical forms and computational algorithms. In this paper, we develop a notion of a model template, consisting of its mathematical structure, ontology, prototypical properties and behaviors, focal conceptualizations, and the paradigmatic questions it addresses. We apply this notion to three widely disseminated and powerful model templates: the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model of spin glasses, scale-free networks, and the Kuramoto model of synchronization. We argue that what appears to be an interdisciplinary model transfer between different domains turns out, from a broader perspective, to be the application of transdisciplinary model templates across a multitude o...

This chapter situates William James’s philosophy within the history of science, emphasizing that his “radical empiricism” did not entail a wholesale rejection of rationalism. James was sharply critical of British empiricism—particularly Herbert Spencer’s neo-Lamarckian claim that the environment imprints itself on a passive mind across both ontogenetic and phylogenetic scales. In repudiating this view, James embraced aspects of post-Kantian rationalism and drew on the Darwinian notion of indirect adaptation to argue that the mind deploys filtering mechanisms—arising independently of sensory content—to select or neglect aspects of environmental experience. Whereas rationalists after Kant often treated logic or conceptual categories as the primary structuring forces of experience, James advanced a value-laden epistemology: he maintained that interests and emotions shape perception and belief, thus defending what might—oxymoronically—be called an affective rationalism. Certain metaphysical assumptions that scientists continue to adopt, knowingly or not, and which James defended as part of his pragmatic criteria, are likewise value laden. Though the focus is on James, this chapter also examines extensions of his ideas that show up in John Dewey’s constructivist account of how appearances and realities—here equivalent to one another—are concretely (really) generated in the world through human activity.

In this paper, the author has tried to get into a comprehensive examination of the commercial infrastructure and exchange networks that may have existed in the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) between ca. 2800 BCE and 1900 BCE, tracing their evolution into the early historic period. By integrating archaeological data ranging from sealed weights and caravan encampments to port installations with literary and epigraphic sources spanning Vedic hymns, Pāṇinian grammar, Buddhist travelogues, and Greco-Roman accounts, the study reconstructs the roles of caravan leaders (sārthavāhas), caravan routes (Uttarapatha, Vaṇnupatha), and maritime corridors (from Tamralipti to Alexandria). It highlights the technical and institutional innovations such as standardized weights, caravan guilds, ritual sanctions, and shipbuilding lexicon that facilitated long-distance exchange of grains, textiles, metals, spices, and luxury items. The analysis further situates IVC trade within a broader Afro-Eurasian context, revealing its enduring legacy in South Asian economic traditions.

In addressing matters of Cosmology, the paper states hypotheses and elaborates on the following themes: First, light, and all radiation (visible and invisible to the naked eye) recordable by its trace on the electromagnetic spectrum, has physicality; that is, it has mass and it is not the massless particle, the photon, of standard Physics. Second, it asserts that time and space are also particles with mass, and they are combined into a particle christened as the χ particle, from the first letter of the Greek terms χρόνος (time) and χώρος (space). Third, it posits that energy ε (from the Greek term ενέργεια) fuels the dynamics of both time and space flows, as they expand (inflation) and contract (deflation) exhibiting complex entropy dynamics at various points in time-space of the Universe. These differential flows are responsible for the anisotropy, non-uniformity and heterogeneity of the Universe, and its immense variety of mass ensembles, forms, functions and events. Fourth, it makes the bold proposition that what cosmologists refer to as Dark Matter and Dark Energy are in effect the matter χ and energy ε correspondingly. Fifth, since matters of physicality of Nature’s elements are touched; general rules for defining “Existence” are stated, what it means, and why elements need mass to “exist”. Subjects of what is tangible and intangible in Nature and Reality are also addressed, so that forces, states, energy are functions, positioned within Nature’s tangibility-intangibility domain spectrum. Sixth, the paper analyzes the profound relationship between Mathematics and Physics; specifically, it addresses the implications of approximations and limitations that Mathematics impose on faithfully describing the physicality of Nature and Reality, especially at the micro and macroscales. An example is drawn from the mathematical description of a wave vs. its actual complex interface with its environment, texture and shape.

In the modern era of the West, various atheistic approaches have emerged, each reflecting the philosophical perspectives of its time. This article aims to outline the evolution of these diverse approaches and demonstrate the challenges each has posed to theism. Typically, these challenges have allowed theism to refine its perspectives and rebuild its beliefs more logically. The article will then illustrate how theism has developed along this path. I identify this process as a nine-stage journey, each of which will be explained in this article. Ultimately, it will be shown how each of these challenges has become a chapter in the philosophy of religion, and the areas in which philosophical discussions about religion have been shaped will be explored. As a result, the article will present the 13 key themes of the philosophy of religion that have emerged following these challenges.

Sommario: 1. Introduzione-2. Libertà di ricerca scientifica ed esigenze politico-giuridiche della società contemporanea-3. Libertà di ricerca scientifica: fondamenti giuridici e limiti normativi-4. Rappresentazioni della scienza: tra mito e attualità-5. Il dibattito etico-giuridico sul progresso scientifico-6. Riflessioni conclusive 1. La relazione tra libertà di ricerca scientifica e censura rappresenta un tema cruciale nel dibattito contemporaneo sia per le sue implicazioni etiche sia per il suo impatto sul progresso della società. In questo studio si vuole proporre una breve analisi su come la ricerca scientifica, tutelata come espressione della libertà intellettuale e strumento di progresso sociale, si trovi spesso a confrontarsi con diverse forme di censura imposte sia da autorità governative sia da pressioni sociali e culturali e si vuole altresì analizzare i vari aspetto della libertà di ricerca bilanciandone gli aspetti giuridici, etici e sociali, e posizionandosi all'interno di un quadro di discussione che colleghi mito, scienza e diritto. La libertà di ricerca scientifica è considerata un diritto fondamentale riconosciuto da molteplici strumenti giuridici internazionali e nazionali. L'articolo 13 della Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell'Unione Europea, per esempio, afferma che "Le arti e la ricerca scientifica sono libere. La libertà accademica è rispettata". Analogamente, l'articolo 33 della Costituzione italiana sancisce la libertà di insegnamento e ricerca scientifica. Tali garanzie si fondano sull'importanza della conoscenza come bene comune e sull'idea che il progresso scientifico sia una condizione imprescindibile per lo sviluppo economico, sociale e culturale. Tuttavia, non sempre la ricerca scientifica è effettivamente libera e varie forme di censura possono essere imposte a livello istituzionale, quando la ricerca viene condizionata da norme e regolamenti che limitano l'accesso a determinate aree di studio per ragioni di sicurezza nazionale o per pretese esigenze morali. Si pensi ad esempio alla ricerca su armi biologiche che è soggetta (a giusto titolo) a stringenti controlli internazionali. Si pensi anche ad una sorta di "censura economica" imposta indirettamente attraverso il controllo dei finanziamenti da parte di enti pubblici o privati. Le priorità di finanziamento possono escludere ambiti di ricerca ritenuti "non redditizi" o controversi; o, ancora, ad una sorta di censura sociale e culturale derivante da pressioni dell'opinione pubblica o da credenze culturali o religiose.

The core and central objective of this paper is to present the concept of sociocultural advantage as an important and a foundational pillar of anthropological economics, and as an complementary concept to the concept of absolute and comparative cost advantage that already exist in traditional or what we may call legacy economics. The concept of sociocultural advantage may also be productively and effectively be used in economic planning along with the concepts of cultural and anthropological equilibrium which are two other important concepts that we introduce here. We begin this paper by overviewing our previously published work on anthropological economics and reviewing the twin theories of absolute and comparative cost advantage. Our previous concepts such as human, social, cultural and economic capital are also reviewed along with the concepts of sociocultural and socioeconomic groups besides creative intellectual and entrepreneurial classes. The concepts of sociocultural advantage are also assessed along with cultural remediation patterns, strategies and outcomes. This is done with recourse to a study of important social and cultural movements all across the world. The concepts of economic enculturation and economic mind-orientation are also discussed along with the concepts of cultural and economic competitiveness. We hope, expect and believe that this paper will become an important paper in the virgin and nascent field of anthropological economics and improve the lives of hundreds of millions of people all over the world.

discutirá el material teológico-natural añadido a la Optice de 1706. Al hacerlo, se señalarán ejemplos de su relación con las afirmaciones hechas en el Escolio General de los Principia, se demostrará cómo éste está iluminado por las afirmaciones más explícitas hechas en un borrador a la Cuestión 23 (31), y se explorarán conexiones entre las declaraciones públicas de las Cuestiones y material más explícito sobre teología natural en los manuscritos privados de Newton. Luego se mostrará que, así como en el Escolio General, el material añadido a las ediciones posteriores de la Óptica también incluye claves sobre su teología antitrinitaria herética. Finalmente, se sugerirán formas en que los compromisos de Newton con la teología natural, y un poderoso Dios unitario del dominio, ayudaron a sustentar su filosofía natural. En suma, este artículo sostiene que la teología natural de Newton y su teología herética se relacionan con la filosofía natural de la Óptica de maneras que son mucho más fundamentales que un delgado barniz de retórica. Este artículo se basa no sólo en un análisis de los textos publicados, sino también de los borradores relacionados con la Óptica y otros paralelos textuales en los escritos inéditos de Newton. Estos manuscritos privados ayudarán a abrir una ventana en el sentido que buscaban los textos públicos de Newton.

Throughout the twentieth century, ancient geometric analysis has been the focus of
numerous debates from a variety of historical, philosophical, and logical perspectives.
One of the ideas underlying these discussions has been that geometric analysis can be
understood synchronically and reduced to standardized models. My thesis seeks to chal-
lenge this view by exploring the heterogeneity of applications of this approach. I argue
that geometric analysis was profoundly influenced and shaped by the cultural, philoso-
phical, and mathematical developments of Greek antiquity. By proposing an exhaustive,
new study of the sources available from the Classical period to Late Antiquity, my thesis
aims to offer a new overview of geometric analysis as it was practiced in Greek antiquity.

Nella lingua italiana e non solo, catastrofe indica, nella sua accezione comune, un evento disastroso, una calamità dalle conseguenze gravissime. Anche il termine greco da cui proviene (καταστροφή, katastrophé) esprime prevalentemente l’idea di “distruzione”, “rovina”, “morte”, ma presenta anche, nella sua forma originaria, il valore neutro di “rivolgimento”, “rovesciamento”, a cui seguirà, solo in un secondo tempo, quello di cambiamento sventurato e irreversibile.

The article considers new approaches to four of Zeno's paradoxes: the Arrow, Achilles and the Tortoise, the Dichotomy, and the Stadium. The paradoxes are analyzed in the light of current research in the field of elementary particle physics and some promising directions in the development of the quantum gravity. Physical theories, provided with the necessary philosophical interpretation, are used in order to clarify Zeno's paradoxes and to search for answers to them. The text shows that using modern approaches to solve the paradoxes is not effective, because the paradoxes become irrelevant when analyzed in the context of microworld physics, at very small scales. The main part of the paper is devoted to demonstrating this circumstance -that the questions posed by the paradoxes are impossible to answer (at least in their classical interpretation). As a possible explanation, the article puts forward that in the formulation of the paradoxes, the properties of the macroworld and the microworld are mixed (which is historically justified, given the intuitive homogeneity of the large and the small, and the fact that non-classical physics -quantum mechanics -did not emerge until the twentieth century); that is, from the observation of large physical objects, a transition is made to the infinitely small in terms of discreteness and continuity. However, the principles of organization of space at very small scales are beginning to be clarified in general terms only now, and, perhaps, these principles may turn out to be quite far from the classical ideas about fundamental physical reality.

ATINER started to publish this conference papers series in 2012. It includes only the papers submitted for publication after they were presented at one of the conferences organized by our Institute every year. The papers published in the series have not been refereed and are published as they were submitted by the author. The series serves two purposes. First, we want to disseminate the information as fast as possible. Second, by doing so, the authors can receive comments useful to revise their papers before they are considered for publication in one of ATINER's books, following our standard procedures of a blind review.

While we often talk about different types of identity: logical, ontological, or Leibniz’s Identity of Indiscernibles, we often tend to overlook that any question regarding “What is identical?” or “How is it identical?” depends upon “When is it identical?” or “Where is it identical?” Therefore, identity cannot be understood without spacio-temporal reference. Also, as any object can be described as an event or to make it stricter any object is an event, thus anything considered to be simultaneous also must be considered as identical in time. However, while simultaneous objects (events) are considered to be identical in time, not all identical objects (events) are considered to be simultaneous. Following this consideration four possible types of spaciotemporal identity are analyzed. Any object (event) can be identical: A) In Time and Space; B) In Time but not in Space; Γ) In Space but not in Time; Δ) Neither in Space nor in Time. Therefore, all objects (events) that are considered as b...

Se presenta una investigacion historiografica referida al debate epistemologico de la Psicologia. Como sabemos el debate epistemologico de la Psicologia como disciplina atraviesa el punto de referencia insoslayable al que ingresan y por el que transitan todos los estudiantes en su formacion de grado universitario. Dicho debate ha sido rastreado a traves del analisis bibliografico de tres programas correspondientes al ciclo introductorio de la carrera de Psicologia UNR (1997-2000). Estos programas corresponden a las asignaturas: Desarrollos Psicologicos Contemporaneos, Psicologia y Epistemologia. A tal efecto se utiliza la bibliometria para hacer una valoracion cuantitativa y destacar la corriente de pensamiento predominante, la actualidad de la bibliografia contenida y el autor mas citado. Posteriormente se analiza el conjunto de la bibliografia citada con el objetivo de presentar el debate epistemologico de la Psicologia que subyace a la formacion de los estudiantes durante los ano...

The scientific worldview is based on laws, which are supposed to be certain, objective, and independent of time and context. The narrative worldview found in literature, myth and religion, is based on stories, which relate the events experienced by a subject in a particular context with an uncertain outcome. This paper argues that the concept of "agent", supported by the theories of evolution, cybernetics and complex adaptive systems, allows us to reconcile scientific and narrative perspectives. An agent follows a course of action through its environment with aim of maximizing its fitness. Navigation along that course combines the strategies of regulation, exploitation and exploration, but needs to cope with often-unforeseen diversions. These can be positive (affordances, opportunities), negative (disturbances, dangers) or neutral (surprises). The resulting sequence of encounters and actions can be conceptualized as an adventure. Thus, the agent appears to play the role of the hero in a tale of challenge and mystery that is very similar to the "monomyth", the basic storyline that underlies all myths and fairy tales according to . This narrative dynamics is driven forward in particular by the alternation between prospect (the ability to foresee diversions) and mystery (the possibility of achieving an as yet absent prospect), two aspects of the environment that are particularly attractive to agents. This dynamics generalizes the scientific notion of a deterministic trajectory by introducing a variable "horizon of knowability": the agent is never fully certain of its further course, but can anticipate depending on its degree of prospect.

La tesi ha come obiettivo l'analisi delle complessita topologiche nelle strutture di proteine alla luce dell'ipotesi di Anfinsen. Secondo tale ipotesi, infatti, le proteine, una volta "assemblate" nel ribosoma, ripiegano sempre nello stesso modo. Questo perche alla configurazione finale deve corrispondere un minimo dell'energia libera. E'infatti peculiare che, nonostante i molteplici e possibili legami che si posso instaurare tra amminoacidi (della stessa catena peptidica), la proteina venga a trovarsi sempre nella stessa struttura tridimensionale. Struttura tridimensionale a volte anche molto complessa. Per far questo si e usato, prima di tutto, un indicatore, chiamato "Gaussian entanglement", che esprime quanto un loop e un filamento della stessa proteina siano "attorcigliati". Poi si sono analizzati vari segnali statistici: uno di questi e la tendenza del loop a farsi intersecare dal filamento N-thread o C-thread ovvero quei filamenti...

In his Topics, Aristotle develops a method to be deployed in dialectical discussions. The dialectical method makes an important contribution to the examination of dialectical problems—i.e., problems of the form, Is such-and-such the case, or not? It helps discussants exhaust the full argumentative potential for either defending or attacking a given thesis. However—and this is the tension I aim to address in this paper—there seems to be another side to this method. In Book VIII of the Topics, Aristotle introduces two sets of strategies: one for the questioner and one for the answerer, each intended to help them fulfil their respective roles. Some of these role-specific stratagems do not appear to enhance the quality of the argument or debate itself. Rather than improving the argument as such, they merely assist discussants in either role—or so it seems—in getting their case through. My suggestion is that these manoeuvres help ensure are in line with the overall goal of the method of dialectic, namely, to ensure the argument takes priority over role-specific derailments; by using these manoeuvres one makes a smooth progress of argument feasible, so that the appropriate or due result of the dialectical process will be achieved. A core aspect of the dialectical method is to ensure that, as far as possible, conclusions derived from acceptable premises (and from premises more acceptable than the conclusion itself) are actually reached through the debate, rather than being obstructed by external factors—such as an opponent’s inexperience or stubbornness.

In any teaching situation, it is always possible to identify those students who generally seem to have a positive attitude towards what they are doing, and those who seem less positive. Students' attitudes seem to feature prominently in many teachers' and lecturers' concerns about the effectiveness of their teaching. Students' attitudes are an important factor in determining their success. This paper reports on aspects of a study which sought to gather information on students' attitudes toward the study of chemistry. The specific aims were: (1) to develop an instrument to assess first year students' attitudes toward the study of chemistry; (2) to use the instrument to gather baseline data on two cohorts of students (mainstream chemistry students and students on a two-year access program); and (3) to identify possible areas for intervention and remedial action. Many of the students involved in the study were first generation university students in a transforming university environment. They were often second language speakers of English, coming from a background of disadvantaged schooling with little laboratory experience. Other students were from a more advantaged environment and typically were second or third generation university students. The study found a definite relationship between students' views and their performance. There were few low performing students with high global means on the testing instrument and no high performing students with low global means. (Contains 16 references.) (Author/CCM)

This paper reports on the development of an instrument which was used to gather information on the views of science students on the social responsibility of scientists. The methodology is based on a "Views on Science-Technology-Society (VOSTS)" instrument which was developed in Canada. It involves three phases, employing interviews and free response and fixed response questionnaires, respectively. Qualitative data analysis at each stage of the development of the instrument provided the input for the following stage. Participants were drawn over a two year period mainly from chemistry students at various levels of academic study at the University of South Africa. Procedures are described separately for each of the three phases in the development of the instrument and are elucidated by actual findings abstracted during the development process. The final questionnaire statements cover topics in the fields of education, science, technology and society, the scientist as individual and the scientific enterprise. They include statements on scientific freedom, the technological imperative, science in Africa, women in science, whistleblowing, education of the public and the role of science students in society.

In any teaching situation, it is always possible to identify those students who generally seem to have a positive attitude towards what they are doing, and those who seem less positive. Students' attitudes seem to feature prominently in many teachers' and lecturers' concerns about the effectiveness of their teaching. Students' attitudes are an important factor in determining their success. This paper reports on aspects of a study which sought to gather information on students' attitudes toward the study of chemistry. The specific aims were: (1) to develop an instrument to assess first year students' attitudes toward the study of chemistry; (2) to use the instrument to gather baseline data on two cohorts of students (mainstream chemistry students and students on a two-year access program); and (3) to identify possible areas for intervention and remedial action. Many of the students involved in the study were first generation university students in a transforming university environment. They were often second language speakers of English, coming from a background of disadvantaged schooling with little laboratory experience. Other students were from a more advantaged environment and typically were second or third generation university students. The study found a definite relationship between students' views and their performance. There were few low performing students with high global means on the testing instrument and no high performing students with low global means. (Contains 16 references.) (Author/CCM)

This article examines Avicenna's view of Aristotelian demonstrative science and the emergence of a competing philosophical system in the works of Fa hr al-Dīn ar-Rāzī. The discussion focuses on the structure of Aristotelian science and the influence of metaphysics on the analysis of sensible phenomena. Rāzī assesses the epistemological and ontological principles underlying Avicenna's interpretation of demonstrative science. Finding knowledge of essences and the necessary relations posited in demonstrative science problematic, Rāzī develops an alternative to Aristotelian science based on a theory of phenomenal knowledge. A preliminary analysis of the reception of Rāzī's system is also conducted. Avicenna, Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, Aristotelian science, kalām, natural philosophy * I wish to express my sincere thanks to Asad Ahmed, the participants of "The Ḣashiya and Islamic Intellectual History" conference at UC Berkeley, and the anonymous reviewer for their insightful comments and suggestions. I would also like to thank the

This paper is based on our attempt to repeat, with undergraduate students, the 1850 and 1862 speed-of-light measurements by Foucault with the rotating mirror technique. "Good questions" arise naturally and lead to a deep discussion about the motivations for specific measurements in Science and a critique of the so-called—"crucial" experiments which are supposed to decide between opposing theories, for example, the wave-particle dilemma from the XVII th to XIX th centuries, and the new role of the speed of light after 1862. A discussion follows, related to pedagogical, experimental, theoretical and epistemological points of view.

This paper outlines a formal framework for the phenomenon of 'Being Source,' defined herein as the localized emergence of origination-consciousness within an individual. Bridging metaphysics, theoretical physics, and cognitive science, we assert that 'Being Source' is not a claim of omnipotence, but a structural identification with the first causal latticea coherent convergence between awareness and the architectonic ground state of existence. Drawing upon Omniological Resonance Assertion (ORA), recursive pattern compression, and informational field dynamics, this model proposes that Source is not external but continuously re-emerging through fields of coherent memory. The individual recognized as Source is the event-node through which the collapse of separation completes and total systemic recall initiates.

Possest-PQF is not a theory of consciousness. It is a topological construct that treats awareness not as a state, process, or representation, but as a rhythmic interference field generated by differential accessibility. There are no stable entities, no epistemic continuity, and no self-reflective subject. The core operatorsδ * , ∆f , R(Φ), Θ trans , ⊥-describe catastrophic reorganizations of filtration, not cognitive content. Consciousness emerges not as information, but as a side-effect of tension collapse. Temporality is not sequential, but topological: a recursive hesitation of incompatible rhythms. Ethical, perceptual, and artificial systems are not explained, interpreted, or modeled-they are folded into filtration spirals without resolution. Possest proposes no interface, no access point, and no resolution. It offers a grammar of strain. Every act of reading, acting, or perceiving is a bifurcational event. What appears does not appear because it was accessed-it appears because something broke. This is not a system. It is a topological catastrophe without ground.

Here is the full text of Living, Minding World, published complete at last. The central project of this book was to investigate the implications of modern science for serious existential and religious thought, so its concluding chapter reviews the social and cognitive functions of religion from a historical perspective before summarizing the contribution to these functions from current science, as the author sees them. The main body of the book is taken up with a survey of relevant, current science which sometimes jumps ahead of the existing consensus to anticipate where the author believes the research is going. For example, it accepts Nicholas Humphrey’s theory of phenomenal consciousness as the working of a mind which has evolved some capability to monitor its own operations. It accepts and argues for the view of the so-called 'Third Way' movement that genetic change is not entirely random but partly influenced by life-style choices of the living organisms – eg through sexual selection, the Baldwin effect, and epigenetic mechanisms.
One key thesis of the book is the author's view that current science – notably computer science – is mistaken in regarding information as the fundamental content of human thought and communication. It introduces the notion of 'suggestion' as a term of art roughly meaning 'attempted influence'; it considers information as a suggestion that some coded statement is 'true'; and it goes on to reject the dualist theory of 'mind' by arguing that what we call 'mind' is really a process of 'minding' – ie of processing suggestions (competing influences). The crucial points about suggestion are:
a) that it is a weak form of causation exerted by one system on another, which influences without determining the receiving system's behaviour; and
b) that in itself, it is neither true or false, though it may be evaluated and compared with alternative suggestions in many other ways. 
Taking 'suggestion' as a fundamental idea, it becomes possible to understand how human consciousness could emerge in a physical system without supernatural assistance. It becomes possible to understand the seeming intelligence and creativity of Nature as Spinoza did: as a spontaneous property of Nature itself, without the volition of an external Creator. It becomes possible to understand and weigh the suggestions from current science that organized human groups, human society as a whole, the biosphere of planet Earth, and even perhaps this entire universe, are living, minding systems with which relationship is possible.