Plants Visited by Bees and Other Useful Plants of Umalila, Southern Tanzania

References (230)

1. References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Beentje 1994, Burkill 1994, Neuwinger 2000, Kihwele et al. 2001, Lovett et al. 2006
2. References Iwu 1993, Purseglove 1972, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Mbuya et al. 1994, van Wyk & Gerricke 2000, Raemaekers 2001
3. References Fichtl & Adi 1994, Mbuya et al. 1994, Msanga 1998, Lovett et al. 2006
4. References Hadfield 1960, Jones & Mann 1963, Tindall 1968, Uphof, 1968, Purseglove 1972, Tindall 1983, Stoll 2000, Messiaen & Rouamba 2004, van Wyk & Wink 2004
5. References Uphof 1968, Kokwaro 1976, Coates Palgrave 1983, Mabberley 1997, Neuwinger 2000, White et al. 2001, Burrows & Willis 2005, Lovett et al. 2006
6. References Kokwaro 1976, Coates Palgrave 1983, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Mbuya et al. 1994, Burkill 1997, Msanga 1998, Neuwinger 2000, Dharani 2002, Lovett et al. 2006
7. References Wild et al. 1967, Williamson 1975, Kokwaro 1976, Cribb & Leedal 1982, Neuwinger 2000, Ruffo et al. 2002, Burrows & Willis 2005
8. Matambo Salima with his family at Izumbwe. The house is roofed with split bamboo poles. References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Terra 1966, Purseglove 1968, Williamson 1975, Crane & Walker 1984, Burkill 1985, Macmillan 1991, Martin et al 1998, Schippers 2002, Mvere & van der Werff 2004 References Irvine 1961, Busson 1965, Uphof 1968, Wild et al 1972, Williamson 1975, Kokwaro 1976, Coates Palgrave 1983, Ambougou 1991, Burkill 1994, Katende et al. 1995, Venter & Venter 1996, Msanga 1998, SEPASAL 1999, Ruffo et al 2002, Lovett et al. 2006 Bamboo pipes are frequently used for channeling water from streams and rivers to villages for domestic water supply and for irrigating vegetable gardens. References Baerts & Lehmann 1989, Fichtl & Adi 1994, White et al. 2001
9. References FTEA 1971, Wild et al. 1972, Williamson 1975, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Mbuya et al 1994, Burkill 1995, Katende et al. 2000, Neuwinger 2000, Ibnu Utomo 2001 References Morton 1964, Crane et al. 1984, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Mbuya et al. 1994, Bryant 1996, Llamas 2003 Laiton and Hezron Ulenje, beekeepers near Ilomba with Envoy Ndere (right)
10. References FTEA 1958, Peters et al. 1992, Blundell 1987, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Ruffo et al. 2002, Jansen 2004
11. References Williamson 1975, Coates Palgrave 1983, Beentje 1994, Katende et al. 2000, Lovett et al. 2006
12. References Watt & Breyer-Branwijk 1962, Wild et al 1972, Cribb & Leedal 1983, Burkill 1997, Neuwinger 2000, Hyde & Wurston 2002 -6
13. References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, FTEA 1964, Terra 1966, Goode 1974, Williamson 1975, Kokwaro 1976, Burkill 1985, Dupriez & De Leener 1989, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Chweya & Mnzava 1997, Schippers & Budd 1997, Maundu et al. 1999, Schippers 2002, Mnzava & Chigumira 2004
14. References Kokwaro 1976, FTEA 1992, Beentje 1994, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, Neuwinger 2000, White et al. 2001
15. References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Kokwaro 1976, Coates Palgrave 1983, Peters et al. 1992, Beentje 1994, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, Neuwinger 2000, Burrows & Willis 2005 Clutia abyssinica with fruit growing in a hedge near Sasyaka in April References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Kokwaro 1976, Burkill 1985, Blundell 1987, Konda et al. 1992, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Neuwinger 2000, Burrows & Willis 2005
16. References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, FTEA 1971, Kokwaro 1976, NAS 1979, Blundell 1987, Brickell 1994, Burrow & Willis 2005 References Maundu et al. 1999, Grubben 2004 Left : Leaves and fruit being carried home near Maendeleo
17. References Grubben 1977, Tindall 1983, Burkill 1985, Dupriez & De Leener 1989, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Robinson & Decker-Walters 1997, Jones 1999, Chigumira Ngwerume & Grubben 2004
18. References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Williamson 1975, Kokwaro 1976, Coates Palgrave 1983, Beentje 1994, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Venter & Venter 1996, Neuwinger 2000, Hankey & Sisulu 2004, Lovett et al. 2006
19. References Kokwaro 1976, Beentje 1994, Burkill 1995, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, Kihwele et al. 2001, White et al. 2001, Burrows & Willis 2005, Latham 2005
20. References Kokwaro 1976, Blundell 1987, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, Neuwinger 2000, Burrows & Willis 2005
21. Dickson Mwahalende with young Hagenia abyssinica (Iliogoti) trees. He also has a nursery of Syzygium cordatum (Ifwomi). Indigenous trees have a wider range of uses and are better adapted to local conditions than many imported species.
22. References Wild et al. 1972, Coates Palgrave 1983, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Mbuya et al. 1994, Venter & Venter 1996, Kihwele et al. 2001, Viljoen 2002, Burrows & Willis 2005, Lovett et al. 2006
23. References Peters et al. 1992, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Malaisse 1997, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, White et al. 2001, Burrows & Willis 2005
24. References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Mbuya et al. 1994, van Wyk et al. 1997, ICRAF 1998, Burrows & Willis 2005, Lovett et al. 2006
25. References Smith 1956, Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Deschodt 1976, Crane et al. 1984, Beentje 1994, Mbuya et al. 1994, Venter & Venter 1996, van Wyk & Gericke 1997, SEPASAL 1999, Aubrey 2001 Intanji caterpillar
26. References Smith 1956, Egli & Kalinganire 1988, Rochelau et al. 1988, Beentje 1994, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Katende et al. 1995, Lovett et al. 2006
27. References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Coates Palgrave 1983, Bekele-Tesemma et al. 1993, Beentje 1994, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Mbuya et al. 1994, Lovett et al. 2006, White et al. 2001, Burrows & Willis 2005
28. References Deschodt 1976, Coates Palgrave 1983, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Mbuya et al. 1994, Venter & Venter 1996, ICRAF 1998, Msanga 1998, van Wyk & Gericke 2000, Dlamini & Sisulu 2004, Lovett et al. 2006 References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Wild et al. 1972, Williamson 1975, Coates Palgrave 1983, Crane et al. 1984, FTEA 1993, Mbuya et al. 1994, Burkill 1997, ICRAF 1998, SEPASAL 1999, van Wyk & Gericke 2000, Kihwele et al. 2001
29. References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Coates Palgrave 1983, Burkill 1997, Dharani 2002, Burring 2004, Lovett et al. 2006
30. References Cobbina & Reynolds 1988, Keay 1989, Mbuya et al. 1994, Venter & Venter 1996, ICRAF 1998, Maundu et al. 1999, Neuwinger 2000, Lovett et al. 2006
31. References Macmillan 1991, Verheij & Coronel 1991, Burkill 1994, Leakey & Newton 1994, Mbuya et al. 1994, Maundu et al. 1999, SEPASAL 1999, van Wyk & Gericke 2000, Ruffo et al. 2002, Lovett et al. 2006 Reference Uphof 1968, Kokwaro 1976, Burkill 1985, Goode 1989, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Katende et al. 1999, Maundu et al. 1999, Neuwinger 2000, Schippers 2004 Khatanta forest near Maendeleo village
32. References FZ 1966, Crane et al. 1984, Beentje 1994, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Burkill 1997, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, White et al. 2001, Burrows & Willis 2005
33. References Goode 1974, Crane et al 1984, Blundell 1987, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Katende et al. 1999, Ruffo et al. 2002, Bosch 2004
34. References Fichtl & Adi 1994, Mbuya et al. 1994, ICRAF 1998, East & Thurow 1999, Lovett et al. 2006
35. References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Deschodt 1976, Coates Palgrave 1983, Beentje 1994, Johannsmeier & Allsopp 1995, Venter & Venter 1996, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, White et al. 2001, Burrows & Willis 2005, Lovett et al. 2006
36. References Smith 1960, Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Morton 1964, Godin & Spensley 1971, Acland 1977, Howes 1979, Crane et al 1984, Crane & Walker 1984, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Jones 1999, Raemaekers 2001 References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Kokwaro 1976, Blundell 1994, Fichtl & Adi 1994, van Wyk & Gericke 2000, Kihwele et al. 2001, Burrows & Willis 2005, Nonkululeko 2005 Children carting un-burnt building bricks in Ilembo References Smith 1956, FZ 1961, Wild 1972, Brummitt 1973, Blundell 1987, Burkill 1994, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Bryant 1996, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, Neuwinger 2000, White et al. 2001, Dharani 2002, Burrows & Willis 2005
37. References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Crane et al. 1984, Burkill 1985, Blundell 1987, Phillips & Rix 1997, Ruffo et al. 2002, Llamas 2003, Thomas et al. 2004 References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, FTEA 1963, Hay 1978, Crane et al. 1984, Burkill 1985, Blundell 1987, Brickell 1994, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Martin et al. 1998, Neuwinger 2000 Left : A basket made from bamboo strips tied together with fibre from Ipomoea involucrata.
38. References Coates Palgrave 1983, FTEA 1991, Beentje 1994, White et al. 2001, Burrows & Willis 2005
39. References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Williamson 1975, Brickell 1987, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Johannsmeier & Allsopp 1995, Stern 2002, Burrows & Willis 2005 Brassica oleracea in a plot of Solanum umalilaense in flower References Beentje 1994, White et al. 2001, Ruffo et al. 2002, Burrows & Willis 2005 References Watt & Breyer-Bradwijk 1962, Goode 1974, Cribb & Leedal 1982, Blundell 1987, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Neuwinger 2000, van Wyk & Gericke 2000, White et al. 2001, Burrows & Willis 2005 Left : L. myricifolia is also present and bees were seen collecting nectar on a windy day in July.
40. References Williamson 1975, Kokwaro 1976, Coates Palgrave 1983, Beentje 1994, Burkill 1997, Glen & Ngwenya 2005, Lovett et al. 2006
41. References Coates Palgrave 1983, Burkill 1985, Bekele-Tesemma et al. 1993, Beentje 1994, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, Lovett et al. 2006 Maytenus undata in flower near Izumbwe in July
42. References FZ 1991, Katende et al. 1995, White et al. 2001, Ruffo et al. 2002, Burrows & Willis 2005, Lovett et al. 2006
43. References Kokwaro 1976, Mbuya et al. 1994, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, White et al. 2001, Burrows & Willis 2005, Lovett et al. 2006
44. References Coates Palgrave 1983, Peters et al 1992, Venter & Venter 1996, Neuwinger 2000, Burrows & Willis 2005, Lovett et al. 2006 Mama Sampamba Mwakawasira making an axe shaft References Agnew 1974, Moriarty 1975, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Ruffo et al. 2002
45. References Wild et al 1972, Kokwaro 1976, FZ 1983, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Bekele-Tesemma et al. 1993, Katende et al. 1995, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, Hyde & Wursten 2002-6, Lovett et al. 2006
46. References Watt & Breyer -Brandwijk 1962. Kokwaro 1976, Howes 1979, Blundell 1987, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Bown 1995, Burkill 1995, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, Neuwinger 2000, Paterson 2006
47. References Kokwaro 1976, FZ 1978, Coates Palgrave 1983, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, Katende et al. 2000, Neuwinger 2000, Burrows & Willis 2005, Lovett et al. 2006
48. References Watt & Breyer -Brandwijk 1962, Wild et al.1972, Coates Palgrave 1983, Peters et al. 1992, Beentje 1994, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Mbuya et al. 1994, Neuwinger 2000, van Wyk & Gericke 2000, White et al. 2001, Ruffo et al. 2002, Burrows & Willis 2005, Lovett et al. 2006
49. References Williamson 1975, Coates Palgrave 1983, FAO 1983, Burkill 1985, Mbuya et al. 1994, Venter & Venter 1996, ICRAF 1998, Msanga 1998, van Wyk & Gericke 2000, Kihwele et al. 2001, Ruffo et al. 2002 References FTEA 1978 Jelimaya Kanini lighting up a smoker at Yalenga. Only 30 of his 60 hives had bees.
50. References Watt & Breyer Brandwijk 1962, Martin et al. 1975, Moriarty 1975, FAO 1982, Baker 1986, Dupriez & De Leener 1989, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Katende et al. 1995, Raemaekers 2001
51. References FAC 1951, Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Wild et al. 1972, Kokwaro 1976, Blundell 1987, Konda et al 1992, Ambougou 1991, Mbemba & Remacle 1992, Bekele-Tesemma et al 1993, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Burkill 1997, Latham 2004
52. References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Wild et al. 1972, Deschodt 1976, Coates Palgrave 1983, Bekele-Tesemma et al. 1993, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Venter & Venter 1996, Van Wyk et al. 1997, White et al. 2001, Mutshinyalo & Reynolds 2002, Lovett et al. 2006
53. References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Harlan et al 1976, Tindall 1983, Crane et al. 1984, Tredgold 1986, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Burkill 1995, van Wyk & Gericke 2000, Dhliwayo 2002, Schippers 2002 References Jex-Blake 1957, Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Wild et al. 1972, Howes 1979, Cribb & Leedal 1983, Fichtl & Adi 1994, van Wyk et al. 1997, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, White et al. 2001, Jodamus 2004, Burrows & Willis 2005
54. References FTEA 1968, Egli & Kalinganire 1988, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Mbuya et al. 1994, ICRAF 1998, Lovett et al. 2006
55. References Kokwaro 1976, Coates Palgrave 1983, White et al. 2001, Burrows & Willis 2005, Lovett et al. 2006
56. References Wild et al 1972, Kokwaro 1976, Coates Palgrave 1983, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, Neuwinger 2000, Lovett et al. 2006
57. References FTEA 1952, Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Wild et al. 1972, Williamson 1975, Kokwaro 1976, Blundell 1987, Peters et al. 1992, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Neuwinger 2000, Burrows & Willis 2005 References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Wild 1972, Williamson 1975, Kokwaro 1976, Coates Palgrave 1983, Burkill 1985, Keay 1989, Beentje 1994, Mbuya et al. 1994, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, Neuwinger 2000, ADP Isangati 2003, Lovett et al. 2006
58. References Goode 1974, Williamson 1975, Kokwaro 1976, Coates Palgrave 1983, Burkill 1985, Peters et al. 1992, Mbuya et al. 1994, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, Maundu et al. 1999, Neuwinger 2000, Dharani 2002, Ruffo et al. 2002, Simons et al. 2005
59. References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, FZ 1966, Wild et al 1972, Kokwaro 1976, Coates Palgrave 1983, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, Neuwinger 2000, Ruffo et al. 2002
60. References Purseglove 1968, Nair 1980, Crane & Walker 1984, Iwu 1993, Burkill 1994, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Mbuya et al 1994, van Wyk & Oudtshoorn 1997
61. References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Wild et al. 1972, Kokwaro 1976, Cribb & Leedal 1982, van Wyk & Gericke 2000, Zimudzi 2005
62. References Williamson 1975, Cribb & Leedal 1982, Crane et al. 1984, Blundell 1987, Peters et al. 1992, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Maundu et al. 1999, Ruffo et al. 2002
63. References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, FTEA 1968, Kokwaro 1976, Crane et al. 1984, Beentje 1994, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Katende et al. 1995, Neuwinger 2000, Burrows & Willis 2005 Lovett et al. 2006 References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Wild et al. 1972, Kokwaro 1976, Coates Palgrave 1983, Blundell 1987, Neuwinger 2000, Llamas 2003
64. References Wild et al. 1972, Kokwaro 1976, Coates Palgrave 1983, Burkill 1985, Blundell 1987, Beentje 1994, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, Neuwinger 2000, Schippers 2002
65. References Kokwaro 1976, Cribb & Leedal 1982, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Hepburn & Radloff 1998 References Watt & Breyer - Brandwijk 1962, Kokwaro 1976, Coates Palgrave 1983, Crane et al. 1984, Tredgold 1986, Beentje 1994, Mbuya et al. 1994, Venter & Venter 1996, van Wyk 1997, ICRAF 1998, Maundu et al. 1999, Carolus 2004, Lovett et al. 2006
66. References Jex-Blake 1957, Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Bryant 1996, Venter & Venter 1996, Mutshinyalo 2001, Dharani 2002
67. References Poppleton 1939, Greenway 1945, FTEA 1967, Williamson 1975, Kokwaro 1976, Tindall 1983, Mamillan 1991
68. References Deschodt 1976, Peters et al. 1992, Mbuya et al. 1994, Venter & Venter 1996, Dharani 2002, Ruffo et al. 2002, Lovett et al. 2006
69. References Wild et al. 1972, Goode 1974, Williamson 1975, Malaisse 1997, Schippers 2002, Schippers 2004
70. References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Wild et al 1972, Williamson 1975, Kokwaro 1976, Tredgold 1986, Blundell 1987, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Neuwinger 2000, Kihwele et al. 2001 Triumfetta rhomboidea growing beside the road near Ilembo References Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk 1962, Williamson 1975, Kokwaro 1976, Beentje 1994, Msanga 1998, van Wyk & Gericke 2000, Neuwinger 2000, Lovett et al. 2006
71. References Morton 1964, Wild et al. 1972, Williamson 1975, Cribb & Leedal 1982, Crane et al. 1984, Burkill 1985, Persano Oddo et al. 1988, FZ 1992, Fichtl & Adi 1994, Hepburn & Radloff 1998, Burrows & Willis 2005
72. References Purseglove 1972, Howes 1979, Crane et al. 1984, Villières 1987, Stoll 2000, Badu-Apraku & Fakorede 2006 References for useful plants of Southern highlands of Tanzania ABUKUTSA-ONYANGO, M.O. (2004) Basella alba L. In Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (Editors). Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 2. Vegetables. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen, Netherlands/ Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands / CTA. pp. 103 -106
73. ACLAND, J.D. (1971) East African Crops. FAO/Longman. 252 pp. ADP Isangati Trust Fund (1996) Utupa : Dawa ya kuzuia wadudu waharibifu na kupe. Isangati Agricultural Development Programme, Tanzania publication. 5 pp.
74. ADP Isangati Trust Fund (2003) Dawa za asili kwa matumizi ya kuua wadudu waharibifu shambani na kuhifadhia mazao ghalani na kuua wadudu wanaoshambulia mifugo. 41 pp.
75. AGNEW, A.D.Q. (1974) Upland Kenya Wild Flowers. OUP 827 pp.
76. AMBOUGOU, A.V. (1991) Apis mellifera et les plantes mellifères Gabonais. Thèse Doctorat, Université de Paris 6. 14 pp.
77. AUBREY, A. (2001) Dombeya rotundifolia Hochst. South African National Biodiversity Institute, South Africa. BADU-APRAKU & FAKOREDE (2006) Zea mays L. In : Brink, M. & Belay G. (Editors) Plant Resources of Tropical Africa 1. Cereals and pulses. PROTA Foundation, Wageningen, Netherlands/Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands/CTA, Wageningen, Netherlands. pp. 229 -237
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