Psychotherapy and Counseling

Introduction: Early intervention in youth mental health is increasingly viewed as easier, cheaper and more effective than traditional approaches to care [1]. With psychological morbidity reported in 21-27% of young adults in Ireland [2], and recent data indicating Ireland has the fourth highest rate of youth suicide in the EU[3], the need for early intervention is pressing. GPs, as the healthcare professional most often consulted by young people, have a central role in early detection of youth mental health and addiction disorders [4]. However, international data suggests many young people have concerns bringing these issues to their GP [5-7], and GPs themselves experience difficulty identifying and treating mental health issues [8, 9]. Thus, while primary care is an ideal environment in which to address youth mental health, little information exists on the role of primary care in Ireland in addressing youth mental health. The aim of this study is to gain an understanding of the exp...

This paper examines the changes in the super-ego and the typical pathologies observed in contemporary clients. It traces the evolution from the conflict neuroses of the Victorian era, in which the ego feared a strict and moralistic super-ego, to the narcissistic culture characterized by narcissistic disorders, self-love, and the narcissistic ego ideal. The paper then explores the shift to a perverse culture, where the super-ego is "dismantled," all values and authorities are undermined, and the exploitation of others, as well as the recruitment of others into one's own exploitation, has become normalized. The paper concludes by raising critical questions about the necessary theoretical and technical adjustments required to adapt psychotherapeutic practice to these emerging cultural shifts.

This paper explores the connection between various forms of anxiety and panic attacks and deficits in the development of core emotional competencies: neutralization, mentalization, object wholeness and object constancy, tolerance of ambivalence and frustration, will, and initiative. These competencies represent fundamental emotional processing and regulation capacities that enable individuals to cope with life's challenges and the emotions they evoke. When underdeveloped, each of these competencies gives rise to a specific form of anxiety: a deficit in neutralization leads to anxiety related to emotional overload and loss of control; impaired mentalization is associated with social anxiety and misinterpretation of one's own and others' actions; a lack of object wholeness results in persecutory anxiety and fear of disillusionment or guilt when love and aggression are directed toward the same object; compromised object constancy underlies separation anxiety; low frustration tolerance manifests as anxiety in the face of unmet needs; insufficient ambivalence tolerance produces decisionmaking anxiety; a weakened will leads to anxiety around self-support and persistence; and deficits in initiative evoke fears of visibility, rivalry, and symbolic "castration anxiety." These distinct anxieties are frequently observed in clients suffering from one of the eight identified types of panic attacks. Identifying the specific fears associated with each underdeveloped emotional competency allows clinicians to detect areas of deficit and focus therapeutic work on unlocking and strengthening the relevant capacity, using targeted techniques outlined in the taxonomy of therapeutic goals within OLI Integrative Psychodynamic Psychotherapy.

Introduction: Early intervention in youth mental health is increasingly viewed as easier, cheaper and more effective than traditional approaches to care [1]. With psychological morbidity reported in 21-27% of young adults in Ireland [2], and recent data indicating Ireland has the fourth highest rate of youth suicide in the EU[3], the need for early intervention is pressing. GPs, as the healthcare professional most often consulted by young people, have a central role in early detection of youth mental health and addiction disorders [4]. However, international data suggests many young people have concerns bringing these issues to their GP [5-7], and GPs themselves experience difficulty identifying and treating mental health issues [8, 9]. Thus, while primary care is an ideal environment in which to address youth mental health, little information exists on the role of primary care in Ireland in addressing youth mental health. The aim of this study is to gain an understanding of the exp...

This book is thus primarily addressed to parents, caregivers, adults from all categories involved in the domestic/ communal upbringing and education of children, as well as the school environment, teachers, school counselors, authors of school programs and textbooks, as well as therapists, counselors, and coaches outside the school system engaged in support and intervention activities with children to prepare them for adult life through personal development. Of course, it is also addressed to the academic environment, teaching staff and students from the socio-human sphere, who prepare professionals for the fields of education, psychology/psychotherapy, social assistance, etc.
The book posits that the foundational skills, values, and attitudes developed during childhood are crucial in shaping a person's future trajectory. By embedding both personal and social development into the structure of early education and upbringing, we empower children to become not only successful individuals but also responsible and compassionate members of society.
In essence, the book advocates for a paradigm shift in how we view and approach personal development. It calls for an early and integrated focus on cultivating both personal and social dimensions, laying a solid foundation for a life that is not only successful in the traditional sense but also rich in purpose and connection. The sophisticated relationship between personal and social development is not just a concept but a lived reality, essential for the well-being of both individuals and communities. By fostering personal and social development in childhood, parents, teachers, counselors, therapists equip children with the essential tools they need to confront the challenges of life. They learn to:
– Cultivate self-awareness and emotional intelligence: Understanding their own thoughts, feelings, and motivations empowers them to make informed decisions and build healthy relationships.
– Develop resilience and coping mechanisms: They gain the ability to overcome challenges, adapt to change, and manage stress effectively.
– Embrace empathy and social responsibility: They learn to consider the perspectives of others, foster positive relationships, and contribute meaningfully to their communities.
The insights presented in this book have profound implications for education, parenting and therapeutic practices. They can play a pivotal role in nurturing personal development in children with the goal of personal success and social integration in adulthood by:
- Creating, fostering a safe and encouraging space where children feel valued, respected, and empowered to explore their potential.
– Encouraging and providing opportunities for children to engage in activities that spark their curiosity, develop their talents, and build their self-confidence.
– Modeling positive values and behaviors, demonstrating empathy, compassion, and social responsibility through our own actions, setting a strong example for children to follow.
Interventions and support should be tailored to the child's specific needs and developmental stage, also requiring open and ongoing communication between all stakeholders to monitor progress and address any challenges. By recognizing the interconnectedness of these three spheres and adopting a coordinated, holistic approach, we can empower children to embark on a complex and sinuous process/ way of personal growth that paves the way to a successful and fulfilling adulthood.

SNF-prosjekt nr. 9039 Analyse av konkurransemessige virkninger av et utvalg av NRKs tjenester Prosjektet er finansiert av Kulturdepartementet SAMFUNNS-OG NAERINGSLIVSFORSKNING BERGEN, MARS 2015 © Materialet er vernet etter åndsverkloven. Uten uttrykkelig samtykke er eksemplarfremstilling som utskrift og annen kopiering bare tillatt når det er hjemlet i lov (kopiering til privat bruk, sitat o.l.) eller avtale med Kopinor (www.kopinor.no). Utnyttelse i strid med lov eller avtale kan medføre erstatnings-og straffeansvar. Utnyttelse i strid med lov eller avtale kan medføre erstatnings-og straffeansvar.

PHẠM VĂN THỎA * TÓM TẮT Giận là loại cảm xúc phổ biến và phổ quát của con người. Cơ thể vốn là nơi nảy sinh và xử lí các loại cảm xúc vì vậy cơ thể là nguồn kinh nghiệm quan trọng nhất trong quá trình nhận thức, biện giải và mô tả cảm xúc. Trên cơ sở của lí thuyết nghiệm thân cơ thể và phân tích ngữ liệu, bài viết tập trung vào nghiên cứu mối quan hệ giữa ý niệm giận với các vấn đề thuộc cơ thể: các phản ứng cơ thể và tình trạng rối loạn cả sinh học lẫn tâm thần. Nghiên cứu này kì vọng sẽ mở ra cách tiếp cận sâu hơn đối với vấn đề nghiên cứu cảm xúc từ góc độ ngôn ngữ học tri nhận. Từ khóa: giận, nghiệm thân, cơ thể, bệnh, cảm xúc. ABSTRACT Body embodiment in Vietnamese concept of anger Anger is a common and general kind of emotions among human beings. The body functions as the source as well as the analysis mechanism of emotions; therefore, body experience (body embodiment) plays the most important role in conception, interpretation and description of emotions. This study is to focus on the relationship between the concept of ANGER and body issues: body reactions, and functional as well as mental disorders, which is expected to bring about a closer approach to the inverstigating of emotions from the aspect of cognitive linguistics.

The relationship between forgiveness and depression delves into the significant role of forgiveness in alleviating depressive symptoms. In this study a literature review spanning a decade of studies highlights the negative correlations between forgiveness and depression, establishing key propositions that suggest that unforgiveness is linked to poor mental health, while forgiveness acts as a beneficial coping strategy. The results reveal that engaging in forgiveness significantly diminishes depressive symptoms, enhances emotional well-being, strengthens interpersonal relationships, and lowers anxiety levels, contributing to an overall improved mental health. By emphasizing the transformative power of forgiveness, this research highlights its potential as a crucial therapeutic tool for enhancing resilience, emotional health, and ultimately leading to a more positive and fulfilling life experience.

Embodiment or embodied awareness is a way of understanding the body. The body is not simply the external body, the body is the lived body. Both the 10 th century Kashmir philosopher Abhinavagupta and the contemporary French phenomenologist Merleau Ponty have a similar view of the lived body, or better 'lived' embodiment. A person may have a most beautiful external objective body but minimally lived in. Embodiment allows us to understand and conceive of the body as a way of living, experiencing and of perceiving through the medium of our embodiment. The body is the medium of the field. A person perceives not simply through eyes and ears alone, but through the whole body. Our body is an instrument of perception. Our body is an instrument of knowingness. The embodiment of awareness is the lived embodying of primordial awareness that liberates our being in the world. The embodiment of awakened awareness pulsates in resonance with and within Being itself.

As is well known, by the limitative results proved in the '30s by Kurt Goedel, logic (first order logic) cannot derive all mathematical truth. Namely, there are sentences of elementary arithmetic that our mind can grasp as true sentences, however they are not provable by formal logic. This implies that the ability of our mind in processing judgements, deriving truth, goes beyond what is considered sound reasoning in logic. Then, it makes a sense to investigate about a “hidden” logic.

In Turkey, there is neither systematic nor structured child sexual abuse prevention programs for school-aged children in school settings. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a school-based child sexual abuse prevention program on elementary school (4th grade) students. Quasi-experimental design with pretest, post-test and control group was used. The subjects consisted of 36 fourth grade students; 18 randomly assigned to the experimental and 18 randomly to the control group. For the experimental group, a 'preventing child sexual abuse psycho-educational training program' as an independent variable was carried out by the researchers. The topics were about personal rights, 'my body belongs to me', good touch-bad touch discrimination, breaking promise, body safety rules, say "No", and bad secrets, talking with a grown up who believes the child, sexual abuse is never a child's fault, etc. One hour session, with a ten minute break, were carried out on four consecutive days. During this period, the control group did not receive any treatment. ANCOVA analysis showed the students who attended the sexual abuse prevention program scored significantly higher than the control group (p .05). The effect size of the study was calculated by Cohen's d, and it was .80 which is satisfactory. As a result, the prevention child sexual abuse program was effective on 4th grade students and this effect was lasting eight weeks later. This study was the first experimental effort to prevent children from child sexual abuse in the school context in Turkey.

Argyri, E.K., Evans, J., Luke, D., Michael, P., Michelle, K., Rohani-Shukla, C., Suseelan, S., Prideaux, E., McAlpine, R., Murphy-Beiner, A., & Robinson, O. (2025). Navigating groundlessness: An interview study on dealing with ontological shock and existential distress following psychedelic experiences. PLoS One 20(5): e0322501. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0322501

Psychedelic induced mystical experiences have been largely assumed to drive the therapeutic effects of these substances, which may in part be mediated by changes in metaphysical beliefs. However, there is growing evidence that psychedelic experi- ences can also trigger long lasting distress. Studies of persisting difficulties suggest a high prevalence of ontological challenges (related to the way people understand reality and existence). We conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 people who reported experiencing existential distress following psychedelic experiences. We explored the phenomenology of participants’ difficulties and the ways they navigated them, including what they found helpful and unhelpful in their process. Thematic analysis revealed that participants experienced persistent existential struggle, marked by confusion about their existence and purpose and preoccupation with meaning- making. Along with cognitive difficulties stemming from the ungrounding of their prior frameworks for understanding, participants’ ontologically challenging experiences also had significant emotional, social, bodily and other functional impact. Participants managed to alleviate their distress primarily through ‘grounding’: practices of embod- iment and the social and cognitive normalisation of their experience. Our findings suggest that psychedelic experiences act as pivotal mental states that can facilitate transformative learning processes, challenging and expanding the ways individuals make meaning. This research contributes to the growing field of psychedelic integra- tion by exploring the complex pathways through which people reestablish coherence and grow following ontologically challenging psychedelic experiences.

This study aimed to develop a measure of assertiveness, the Assertive Skills Questionnaire (ASQ). Assertiveness is a complex ability that allows one to express one's opinion, emotions, and thoughts honestly and openly while respecting another person's rights. Assertiveness serves to increase self-satisfaction and good relationships with those around you. Three studies were conducted to develop the ASQ. In Study 1., we generated an item pool for the ASQ and established its internal structure using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). In Study 2., we confirmed the internal structure of the ASQ using the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Study 3 examined the validity of the ASQ. We discussed the psychometric properties of the ASQ and its potential utility.

In this phenomenological essay our focus is the Phenomenological Dzogchen Experience of our Human Form being our embodiment of Being and Being-fullness. And simultaneously our experience of our innermost primordial formless awareness is the profound luminous experience of Being, the formless Being of Being-fullness.

Benefits of graduating with a college degree include higher earnings, lower unemployment rates, improved health, and increased job satisfaction. A number of college-ready programs are offered to help prepare students for postsecondary education and careers (e.g., advanced placement, International Baccalaureate, dual enrollment, Tech Prep); however, little is known about the inclusion of students with disabilities in these programs. This study evaluated 15 college-ready programs to determine if they served students with disabilities, what program evaluation data indicated for students in these programs, and if program evaluation data were disaggregated for students with disabilities, what were the outcomes. Results indicated 12 of the programs resulted in successful preparation for postsecondary education; however, of the 15

This article explores human consciousness within the framework of neuroscience, questioning whether consciousness is merely a product of neuronal activity or whether it reflects a deeper underlying reality beyond such activity. It analyzes two leading theories that attempt to explain how interactions between neurons generate conscious experience—Global Neuronal Workspace Theory (Dehaene & Changeux, 2011) and Integrated Information Theory (Tononi, 2004 —and critically evaluates the extent to which these theories can fully account for consciousness through neural correlates alone. Grounded in David Chalmers’ (1995) notion of the “hard problem,” the article examines the limitations of current explanations regarding the
nature of subjective experience. These limitations, it is argued, may challenge the objectivity of scientific inquiry in this domain. In addition, speculative yet compelling approaches such as panpsychism (Goff, 2017) and quantum consciousness theories (Hameroff & Penrose, 2014), which suggest that consciousness may point to a reality beyond neurons, are discussed. Drawing on empirical findings from neuroscience, the article emphasizes the need to consider consciousness not only through biological mechanisms but also within psychological and
sociological frameworks. In doing so, it proposes a multidisciplinary foundation for consciousness research that integrates diverse perspectives to foster a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon.

Keywords: Consciousness, Neuroscience, Hard Problem, Neuropsychology, Neural Activity,
Neurophilosophy, Panpsychism

Among eating disorder (ED) professionals, counselors of color (COCs) are underrepresented. Given the prevalence of EDs among people of all racial and ethnic backgrounds, as well as the low number of COCs working in the profession and its problematic implications, this study is warranted to include the experiences of COCs in EDs and understand how to grow the specialty with counselors of all backgrounds. In this study, we interviewed 10 COCs and analyzed transcripts using a post-intentional phenomenological design. Tentative manifestations of unprepared, isolating spaces, unspoken knowing, and exhaustion, as well as provocations of cultural inclusion, changemaker, and vulnerability, emerged. We present implications, limitations, and research considerations.

La Bible est-elle suffisante pour fournir ce dont chaque chrétien a besoin ? Si quelqu’un connaît bien la Bible et me connaît bien, peut-il m’aider à résoudre mes problèmes même s’il n’a pas de doctorat ? Un ministère normal entre croyants dans l’église doit-il aider chaque membre à grandir spirituellement et à s’épanouir ?

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of trauma exposure on psychological resilience among university students in Ghana, highlighting the significance of coping strategies in mitigating the effects of trauma. Methodology: A cross-sectional design was employed from August 2024 to March 2025, utilising a structured questionnaire distributed through social media platforms. Data were collected from 158 participants and analysed using SPSS to summarise demographic information, levels of trauma exposure, and resilience. Findings: The results indicated a significant negative correlation between trauma exposure and psychological resilience (r =-0.252, p = 0.001), suggesting that higher levels of trauma exposure are associated with lower resilience. Gender did not significantly affect resilience outcomes, and age was not a predictive factor. However, coping strategies emerged as critical mediators, significantly enhancing resilience among participants. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: This study confirms that trauma exposure adversely impacts psychological resilience in Ghanaian university students, emphasising the need for targeted mental health interventions. While demographic factors like gender and age were not influential, the role of effective coping strategies highlights the importance of developing adaptive mechanisms to bolster resilience. Future research should focus on identifying and implementing the most effective coping strategies to improve resilience in this vulnerable population.

Everyone lives in inner war between injured narcissism and inflated self-regard. Religions and teachings profer help, but just make things worse. There is no cure, but love or other passion can bring temporary relief. Psychoanalysis sometimes helps.

У статті розглянуто методологічні аспекти застосування профайлінгу в соціально-психологічній реабілітації осіб із посттравматичним стресовим розладом (ПТСР). Актуальність дослідження зумовлена високим рівнем травматизації серед населення в умовах збройних конфліктів, що вимагає інноваційних підходів до реабілітації. Визначено, що профайлінг, як інструмент аналізу поведінкових, когнітивних і соціальних характеристик пацієнтів, дозволяє створювати персоналізовані реабілітаційні стратегії, враховуючи унікальні потреби та тригери клієнтів.
Методологічна база дослідження включає три теоретичні підходи: когнітивно-поведінкову психологію, гуманістичний підхід та теорію травми. Для збору даних застосовувалися якісні та кількісні методи, зокрема напівструктуровані інтерв’ю, CAPS-5 для оцінки рівня ПТСР та SAS-SR для аналізу соціальної адаптації. Аналіз даних здійснювався за допомогою NVivo та SPSS, що дозволило оцінити ефективність методів профайлінгу в реабілітації.
Результати показали, що профайлінг сприяє підвищенню ефективності реабілітаційних програм через точний підбір терапевтичних підходів, таких як когнітивно-поведінкова терапія (КПТ) та десенсибілізація і репроцесинг рухами очей (EMDR). Використання профайлінгу знижує ризик повторної травматизації, покращує соціальну адаптацію та сприяє емоційному відновленню клієнтів. Автори наголошують на важливості етичних аспектів і професійної підготовки фахівців для забезпечення успішного впровадження профайлінгу в практику реабілітації.
Запропоновано перспективи подальших досліджень, зокрема інтеграцію профайлінгу з іншими методами реабілітації, такими як арт-терапія, фізичні вправи та соціальна адаптація, для створення комплексних програм підтримки осіб із ПТСР.

Counseling is a process in which the counselor assists the counselee to make interpretation of facts relating to a choice, plan, or adjustment. This assistance may take many forms such as educational, vocational, social, personal, emotional and moral. While psychotherapy is the treatment of mental illness by discussing somebody's problems with them rather than giving them drugs. This paper attempts to look at how professional counseling should be done, the key difference between the two courses of therapeutic communication treatment and how do contemporary theories of counseling work with families' adjustment and solving problem. The study was conducted using secondary method of data. The secondary sources used data from internet, newspapers and journal articles. The paper recommends the need for psychotherapy and counseling practice in Nigeria; for a long time, the problem of integration of the different ethnic groups in Nigeria may well be a problem which psychotherapy and counseling may help to solve.

The horrifying opening of The Museum of Failure gripped me, the more for its mundane domestic setting. Its details, and the unflinching act of memory that recalls them, set the tone and method of the book: one of uncompromising honesty, layered with story, commentary, critique...

Home-based counseling is increasingly an alternative mode of providing counseling services for children and families, reduces barriers to accessing traditional counseling services, and has also been shown to be effective. As such, the purpose of this qualitative study was to explore and describe the competencies needed to provide such counseling services. This study yielded five categories of competencies— necessary knowledge sets, case conceptualization, counseling behaviors, flexibility in session, and professional dispositions and behaviors. We also outline implications for counseling practice, counselor education, and public policy.

bad or right and wrong, and who we are (or what it means to be human). These themes correspond to the philosophical topics of metaphysics, epistemology, cosmology, ethics, and anthropology respectively. Clearly the answers people give to these worldview questions are diverse. Just as Christians vary in terms of theology and denominational affiliation, they also vary in terms of their worldviews. Even the question of what constitutes a Christian worldview is a matter of debate. However, there is broad general agreement among Christians on many worldview issues. Worldviews are developed very early in life. It is only later that we may learn to articulate and talk about them as we begin to recognize that others often hold somewhat-or even radically-different worldviews. Worldviews have important implications. Sometimes in subtle and other times in profound ways they shape our understanding of ourselves and of our world . In the words of , "worldviews are like sand at a picnic; they get into everything" (p. 506). This habit of getting into everything, along with the tendency for worldviews to be an almost transparent ground against which we interpret events, is one of the reasons that worldviews underlie much of the conflict among people. Another complication is that most of us are exposed to and acculturated to multiple and even conflicting worldviews. Worldview tensions may contribute to both internal turmoil and interpersonal conflicts, often without our overt awareness. The fact that worldviews get into everything is a basic reason that we need to explore the implications of a Christian worldview as it

Persons who come to counseling, especially Christians, often present with concerns about their relationships with God. Many clinicians have noted that alienation or estrangement from God is a common concern even among persons with conservative theological beliefs. They may say things like "I know God loves me, but I don't feel like it." Little is currently known about factors which may cause or predict such feelings. The present study explored factors which predict estrangement from God. Results indicated that estrangement from God is more likely among clients than among students. Estrangement from God can be strongly predicted by the absence of a personal profession of Christian faith, self report of having been harmed by a church, low capacity for empathic concern for others, difficulty forgiving others, difficulty obtaining spiritual resources, and seldom engaging in prayer for others. Among Christians all but the first factor may be helpful in identifying those who experience estrangement from God. Therapists can encourage clients to pray for, forgive, and develop empathy for others, help clients to access spiritual resources, and help them to resolve issues of harm by a church. These strategies may enhance their closeness to God.

This article describes the results of two survey studies designed to assess Christian practitioners' perspectives regarding both the distinctive components and undergirding sources of gain in Christian counseling. Both studies utilized members of the Christian Association for Psychological Studies (CAPS). Study 1 employed a convenience sample of 17 CAPS members, while Study 2 obtained a sample of 161 CAPS psychologists. Results of the studies were congruent and offered support for a multi-dimensional model of Christian counseling. Respondents were most likely to endorse God's active involvement in counseling and the counselor's faith as the most distinctive components of Christian counseling. The most highly endorsed active ingredient leading to change was the activity of God, Jesus Christ or the Holy Spirit.

In Nigeria, despite massive religious involvement, the problem of most adolescents in recent times is that they lack social competence due to psychological inhibition such as spiritual abuse. Thus, this study utilised Dialectical Behaviour Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in improving social competence of adolescents who are victims of spiritual abuse. Experimental design was adopted for the present study.Results showed that the treatments have significant main effect on the social competence of the spiritually abused adolescents (F (2,161) = 162.87, P < .05, ῆ = 0.563)). Also, acceptance-commitment therapy (x = 396.28, SD = 8.56) was the most effective method in enhancing social competence of spiritually abused adolescents when compared to the Dialectical behaviour therapy (x = 382.39, SD = 8.24) and the control group (x = 342.91, SD = 9.44) respectively. Spiritual abuse has no significant effect on participants social competence (F 2,161 = 0.830; P > 0.050, ῆ = ...

Das vorliegende Buch von Hoyt et al. illustriert in vielfältiger Weise, wie sich Single-Session-Ansatz und Walk-in-Praxis in konkreten Beratungs- und Therapiesituationen bewährt haben. Das zeigt sich sowohl bei einer Reihe von inhaltlichen Fragestellungen als auch in unterschiedlichen Konstellationen und Kontexten. Die Rezension erörtert die Schwerpunkte des Buches, sowie die Rezeptionsgeschichte des Single-session-Ansatzes.

It is difficult to imagine any legal system, secular or religious, in which assumptions or predictions about human thought, feeling, and behavior do not playa major role in establishing, interpreting, and applying the law. Jewish law, too, in all its spheres-civil, criminal, family, and ritual-is replete with assumptions about how people think, feel, and behave in various life situations. Many halakhic Oewish legal) terms and concepts are of a psychological character or include significant psychological dimensions. Among them are "migo" (an individual making a false claim would use a more rather than a less plausible lie), "umdena" (assumption or assessment), "hazaka" (presumption), "ones" (duress or coercion), "ratzon" (will or desire), "daat" (knowledge, consent, understanding), "kavanah" (intent), "meyzid" (premeditation), and "shoteh" (insane). In establishing and using these concepts, Jewish legislators, judges, and rabbinic decisors, like lAn earlier version of this paper was presented at the Fifth Biennial International Conference of the Jewish Law Association at Boston University School of Law.

It is not at all unusual for the theorists of behavioural science to commit errors which are precisely analogous to the error of classifying the name with the thing named-or eating the menu card instead of the dinner-an error of logical typing' Bateson (1972, p. 285) 'A Map is not the territory' Korzybski (2010, p. 24) We inhabit a world of abstractions. Menus are not the meal. Maps are not their territories. However, proficiency in relating to abstractions 'as if' they are synonymous with their referents is, arguably, a part of the professional worlds of health and social care. We enter a world of menus. We may find ourselves invited to relate to these descriptions as if they were the things in themselves. This is 'depression' (and this isn't) this is 'psychological therapy' (and not this), this is 'Learning Disability' (but not this), this is (well, you can add your examples). These symbols relate to one another and create a world of theory and practice. A world of meaning, of maps. Systemic therapy and practice offer a plethora of ways of bringing forth multiple maps with those who consult with us. This paper returns to this foundational constructivist presupposition of map and territory and suggests it might be worth revisiting. The paper focuses on exploring moments when we might forget that symbol systems are not the same as the things they symbolise, asks how this might occur and what might be done about it. My examples are focused on my experiences of working in learning disability services. You may want to consider examples from your contexts of professional practice.

Virtanen, A. 2011. Pedagogiikan avulla voidaan tukea oivaltamaan yliopistossa opitun käyttökelpoisuus työelämässä. Teoksessa L. Penttinen (toim.) Opinnoista (työ)elämään. Tutkimustietoa korkeakouluopiskelijoiden ohjauksen ja työelämätaitojen kehittämiseen. Ohjauksen ja työelämätaitojen kehittäminen korkea-asteella ESR-projekti !"#$%&'%()*+,-./+%.0%-1.0234/+%)5-4/44*,% 67230/8,2%930+*03-4%:;&&<%!-51-+/+%:;;=>% Oppimisprosessi! OPINTOJEN OHJAUS! ! Asiantuntijuusprosessi! URAOHJAUS! Opiskelijaprosessi! PSYKOSOSIAALINEN OHJAUS! HOPS-OHJAUS! Ready-ryhmä! !Study-ryhmä! ! Go-ryhmä! Työelämä-! suhde! Kokemus-! historia! Työelämä! Jatko-! opinnot! Täyden-! tävät! opinnot! Opiskelijaidentiteetti ! Asiantuntijaidentiteetti! Kuvio 1: Ryhmämalli osana opintojen ohjauksen prosessia.

DIAKpeda-julkaisu on pedagogiikan ja hyvien käytäntöjen jakamisen foorumi. DIAKpedalla asiakaslähtöisyyttä, reflektiivisyyttä ja digitaalisuutta -kirjassa kuvataan Diakin pedagogista kehittämistä osana ammattikorkeakoulun toimintaa. Kirja kuvaa ja dokumentoi pedagogista kehittämistyötä. Siinä käsitellään laajasti ja moniäänisesti sekä kotimaassa että kansainvälisillä kentillä toteutettuja erilaisia kehittämishankkeita ja hyviä käytänteitä. Artikkeleista osa on tutkimuspainotteisia, osa käytäntöjä kuvaavia ja osa selvityksiä tai selontekoja. Lukijalle tarjoutuu nähtäväksi pedagogisen toiminnan moni-ilmeisyys ja -tahoisuus. Ammattikorkeakoulun tehtäviin kuuluu opetuksen lisäksi aluekehitys ja TKI-toiminta. Lisääntyvä pedagogiikan ja TKI-toiminnan välinen innovatiivisuus ja interaktiivisuus toteutuvat sekä pienimuotoisissa toiminnallisissa hetkissä että laajoissa yhteistyöprojekteissa. Artikkelit julkaisun ensimmäisessä osassa Työelämä- ja asiakaslähtöisen osaamisen kehittämistä käsitt...

We can naturally transmit BEING into each other and for each other. We can manifest Being into another human being. We can metabolize phenomena and the Being of the Phenomena with and within each other. We can enter Being and the Energy of Being within each other. This ontological union can be embodied within us and between us. This Union is source of Self Liberation.

This research investigates the profound and lasting Inuence of Stoic philosophy on modern and contemporary philosophical traditions, psychological and counselling practices. Stoicism, originating in the third century BCE, has signicantly shaped key intellectual movements, including Enlightenment rationalism, German idealism, existentialism, modern psychology, and psychoanalysis. A unique contribution of Stoic thought is its inuence on the development of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), oering a foundation for rational emotional regulation and ethical behavior. This study provides a detailed examination of Stoicism's Inuences,

Background: Adventure therapy (AT) is a term that includes therapies such as wilderness therapy and adventure-based counseling. With growing empirical support for AT, the diversity of studies make it difficult to attribute outcomes to specific treatment factors. Objectives: Researchers explored whether AT, often perceived as an alternative therapy, works because of AT's unique components, or whether factors shared by all therapies were responsible. Methods: A scoping review was undertaken utilizing a search of major databases, unpublished dissertations, and a hand search for direct comparison trials matching AT with another therapeutic intervention. Results: 881 publications were identified. 105 quantitative studies were included following a title and abstract review. Only 13 met the full inclusion criteria. Little to no differences were found to isolate specific therapeutic factors. Conclusions: We discuss the implications of these results considering the movement toward evidencebased practice and recommend future research to eclipse our current understanding of AT.

ABSTRAK

Teknik foto terapi merupakan pendekatan terapeutik yang menggunakan foto sama ada diambil atau dipilih sendiri oleh klien, secara individu atau berkumpulan, dalam bentuk bertema atau bebas. Kaedah ini bertujuan untuk membangkitkan emosi, memori, pemikiran serta maklumat yang tersimpan, sekali gus berperanan sebagai pemangkin dalam proses komunikasi terapi. Foto yang digunakan mencerminkan memori, membekukan masa serta mewakili kenangan, tempat dan peristiwa yang signifikan. Ia juga mampu menjadi poskad visual yang membawa makna peribadi secara spontan, walaupun berlainan daripada maksud asal jurugambar.

Dalam konteks kaunseling, setiap gambar boleh mendedahkan banyak tentang diri klien apabila disertai dengan soalan yang sesuai. Teknik ini terbukti sebagai sistem interaktif yang efektif untuk menghubungkan perasaan yang sukar dizahirkan melalui kaunseling konvensional. Ahli terapi mengiktiraf pendekatan ini sebagai mesra pengguna ("user friendly"), sekali gus memudahkan klien yang berdepan kesukaran untuk berkongsi. Foto yang dirakam sendiri oleh klien menjadi rekod kekal yang merakamkan emosi separa sedar, berfungsi sebagai penghubung kepada akses emosi, penerokaan perasaan, serta kenangan lama yang terlupa. Apabila kata-kata tidak mencukupi, foto bertindak sebagai simbol kepada pembentukan kendiri ("self construct") dan pandangan dalaman ("in-sight").

COLD therapy traumatizes the narc, to the point that he decompensates, loses his/her defenses, once defenses are gone the narc is open to attack via therapeutic intervention; this is the essence, re-traumatizes in order to remove the defenses, destroy the false self, and open the patient up to help via a treatment intervention.

O sofrimento do ser humano é um tema alvo de intensas discussões quando um sentido na/da/para a vida é colocado em questionamento, sem mencionar sua relevância no campo da ética. De forma incontestável, o sofrimento integra a existência do ser humano como uma realidade inevitável. Sendo assim, resta ao ser humano duas atitudes: aceitar o sofrimento e buscar um meio de utilizá-lo em favor do desenvolvimento de sua história de vida; ou rejeitar o sofrimento através da negação, da indiferença ou do relativismo existencial. Seja qual for a atitude escolhida é preciso destacar duas circunstâncias irrenunciáveis: ao longo de toda sua existência, o ser humano será continuamente convocado a fazer escolhas e renúncias; e é compelido a aceitar realidades em sua vida que superam, ao mesmo tempo, a sua chance de compreensão e a sua possibilidade de, em certos casos, realizar escolhas amplamente livres.

Objetivo: Describir la presencia y tipo de trastornos en la salud de los cuidadores familiares de pacientes con Demencias. Método: Esquema ex post facto, de corte transversal. El Cuestionario de datos generales y psicosociales, y la Escala de sobrecarga fueron ...

Bleuer of Counseling Outfitters, LLC. Its purpose is to provide a means of capturing the ideas, information and experiences generated by the annual ACA Conference and selected ACA Division Conferences. Papers on a program or practice that has been validated through research or experience may also be submitted. This digital collection of peer-reviewed articles is authored by counselors, for counselors. VISTAS Online contains the full text of over 500 proprietary counseling articles published from 2004 to present.

It is widely known that among others, a pervasive symptom characterizing anorexia nervosa (AN) concerns body image overestimation, which largely contributes to the onset and maintenance of eating disorders. In the present study, we investigated the nature of the body image distortion by recording accuracy and reaction times in both a group of healthy controls and AN patients during two validated tasks requiring an implicit or explicit recognition of self/other hand stimuli, in which the perceived size of the stimuli was manipulated. Our results showed that (1) the perceived size of hand stimuli modulated both the implicit and explicit processing of body parts in both groups; (2) the implicit self-advantage emerged in both groups, but the bodily self, at an explicit level (perceptual, psycho-affective, cognitive) together with the integration and the distinction between self and other, was altered only in restrictive anorexia patients. Although further investigations will be necessar...

erkek katılımcılar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamamıştır. Ergenlerde görülen duygusal ve davranışsal sorunların somatik semptom düzeylerini öngördüğü anlaşılmıştır. Somatizasyon bozukluğu tedavisinde duygusal ve davranışsal sorunlara odaklı psikoterapötik müdahaleler başarıyı arttırabilir. Somatizasyon ile gözlerden zihin okuma becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin daha detaylı anlaşılması için ileri araştırmalar yapılması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

Provision of counselling services in open and distance education remains one of the best intervention strategies aimed at improving the capacity of every student to develop oneself and also to overcome numerous obstacles that may impinge on the process to successful completion of his or her programme. The process of providing these counselling services in an open university is not without inherent difficulties. This paper critiques the counselling process at the National Open University of Nigeria and possibly identifies impediments militating against effective, efficient and positive impact of therapeutic process on the clients. The paper also identifies areas in the therapeutic processes and procedures that need continuous rigorous research and documentation. The main aim of such research is to explore the possibilities of making the process of counselling interaction more learner centred, learner friendly and quality assured using Six Sigma Quality Assurance model. The paper ther...

Cultura de consum, globală in lumea de astăzi, impune anumite standarde de frumuseţe, mai exact – aceea a  corpului ideal, iar dimensiunile corpului ideal sunt aproape de neregăsit in populație, fapt ce devine cu atât mai semnificativ in cazul tinerelor femei, a căror imagine corporală este  in strânsă legătură atât cu identitatea, cât si cu imaginea de sine si cu stima de sine. Tocmai plecând de la acesta realitate ne propunem ca prin prezentul studiu să realizăm o analiză a po­tenţialelor legături existente intre satisfacţia faţă de schema corporală, anxietatea somatică, cognitivă, comportamentală si problemele interpersonale la tinerele femei care au recurs la intervenţii estetice, fie invazive sau non-invazive. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CORPORAL SCHEME, SOMATIC, COGNITIVE, BEHAVIORAL ANXIETY, AND INTERPERSONAL PROBLEMS IN YOUNG WOMEN WHO HAVE AESTHETIC INTERVENTIONS The consumerism culture, nowadays, claims an ideal of beauty and atractiveness which is very hard to find in reality, a...