Social and Cultural Anthropology

Community Identity: Abstract El propósito de esta investigación fue identificar la identidad de la comunidad latina alrededor del vecindario de ¨North Hill¨ en Akron, Ohio, según los ciudadanos latinos que viven allí. Tiene valor describir esta comunidad porque es un componente de la comunidad entero de Akron que es menos visible. Entendiendo cómo ellos se ven a si mismos me ayudó, como estudiante de español en la Universidad de Akron, a entender mejor la tela compleja de la ciudad. Para conseguir esta información, hice entrevistas en español con seis adultos latinos que viven en North Hill. Utilicé un método narrativo para conseguir respuestas autenticas de los participantes. El resulto fue que encontré con tres temas generalizados entre los participantes. Comparé cada una de estas tres temas con tres otras investigaciones pertinentes para extraer una fundación básica para poder investigar más en el futuro. La información que recogí de estas entrevistas comparadas con las otras inv...

The book is about what posthumanism means in the contemporary Indian context and what different lines of consideration this can take.
The world today has universalized a Eurocentric history of the human with its privileges, oppressions, exploitations and exclusions. On the one hand, this has led to the triumphalist narrative of technology, the blurring of biological embodiment through prostheses and the dream of transhumanist self-exceeding. On the other hand, we are witness to the contemporary eruption of dystopian anomalies due to the dis-balance or revolt of the “others” of humanism – climate crisis, chronic pandemic, religious, ethnocentric and geopolitical violence, ideological and authoritarian state control. Posthumanism is both an acknowledgement of these blurred boundaries of humanism and a critical response to it.
The editors of this volume opine that the discourse of posthumanism in India warrants urgent consideration, if we are to adequately address both national and global emergencies and look for solutions that India may be in a unique position to offer. Essays in the volume are by scholars in the area dealing with representative directions relating to posthumanism in India. The essays are divided into five areas of cultural relevance – (1) internal selves and others; (2) technology, normativity and ethics; (3) human and animal; (4) bodies and their discards; (5) becoming-cosmos. Together they form the beginnings of an approach to a critical cartography of posthumanism as it pertains specifically to India.

Гуцуляк О. Б. Предок скіфів Борисфен та його дочка (ірано-кельто-слов’янські міфологічні паралелі) // Євразійська історія крізь віки : наукова конференція присвячена пам’яті Любові Гераськової : матеріали міжнародної наукової конференції, 13-14 травня 2025 р. / упоряд. Я. В. Пилипчук. – Київ-Вінниця : ТВОРИ, 2025. – С. 59-68.

Vengono qui presentati i primi risultati di una ricerca ancora in corso che, prendendo in esame il lago Trasimeno quale caso di studio, esamina la gestione del bacino umbro durante il ventennio fascista. In tale periodo storico, la vita sociale, politica ed economica del territorio del Trasimeno andò incontro a diverse trasformazioni, che interessarono da vicino il particolare rapporto che le popolazioni lacuali avevano con le acque del "lago di Perugia". Il fascismo, sia a livello locale sia nazionale, si rese protagonista, nel bene e nel male, di cambiamenti; fu artefice di opere che modificarono l'ambiente, ma fu anche sostenitore della "difesa" del paesaggio naturale, perché custode della identità nazionale e della tradizione artistico-letteraria del Paese. In una politica tutt'altro che scevra di contraddizioni, incoerenze e contrasti, si desidera: a) fornire un'analisi degli interessi economici, politici e culturali che caratterizzano la gestione delle risorse naturali della zona del Trasimeno; b) esaminare l'interazione tra interesse pubblico e privato; c) analizzare l'influenza della scienza sulla percezione della natura; ed infine d) indagare la connotazione simbolico-ideologica del lago Trasimeno. Considerata la vastità dell'argomento, non è qui possibile affrontare, e tanto meno esaurire, temi così vasti, si tratta, perciò, di fornire alcune indicazioni, di definire certe questioni e di sollevare alcune problematiche facendo riferimento a vicende specifiche riguardati la gestione delle acque del Trasimeno negli anni Venti del Novecento. Due sono i nuclei tematici presi in considerazione: a) i progetti di bonifica del 1922 (ing. Viappiani) e del 1924-28 (ingg. Luiggi e Ugolini) e b) la valorizzazione paesaggista e turistica del lago. Queste esperienze sono state scelte per mostrare quali interessi gravitino attorno al bacino del Trasimeno e evidenziare l'esistenza o meno di un corretto rapporto tra sfruttamento e tutela delle acque del lago (ovvero se si palesa una precisa volontà di difendere il lago e il suo equilibrio idrologico). Inoltre, il tema della valorizzazione paesaggistica vuole rivelare la politica fascista dell'immagine del Trasimeno. La

Thèse présentée à la Faculté de Théologie afin d'obtenir le grade de docteur par Francky ADELE, O.F.M. Cap. Sous la direction du Prof. Philippe LEFEBVRE, O.P. Fribourg 2015 REMERCIEMENT Je remercie Dieu appelé Zanahary, Dieu Créateur, en malgache, les Razana, Ancêtres qui nous permettent d'exister. Je tiens à exprimer ma reconnaissance à l'Ordre des Frères Mineurs Capucins, en particulier les deux provinces, la province suisse et la province malgache, de m'avoir permis d'effectuer cette recherche. Je tiens à exprimer ma reconnaissance à la faculté de théologie de l'Université de Fribourg qui reconnaît la possibilité et l'existence des autres sensibilités théologiques surtout dans le cadre de l'inculturation comme la théologie malgache. Fribourg qui m'a accueilli et hébergé au nom de la province suisse des Capucins tout au long de mes études. Mes remerciements les plus sincères vont particulièrement au Professeur Philippe LEFEBVRE, mon directeur de thèse, qui a pris la peine de relire mes manuscrits, m'a beaucoup aidé de ses précieux conseils surtout dans le domaine biblique et m'a accompagné tout au long de cette investigation. Je remercie également mon confrère, le professeur Adrian HOLDEREGGER, qui m'a aidé dans le domaine administratif pour me faire venir ici dans le cadre de cette études, il m'a aussi beaucoup aidé mes études avec ses conseils. Je remercie le professeur Robert JAOVELO-DZAO, qui m'a accompagné surtout dans la première partie de mon travail, qui est la partie malgache. Mes remerciements vont aussi à tous mes confrères du Couvent des Capucins à Fribourg avec le responsable, fr. Bernard MAILLARD, en particulier les frères Masseo CALOZ et Marc VERDON, qui m'ont aidé dans la langue française. Enfin, je voudrais exprimer ma gratitude à tous ceux qui, de près ou de loin, ont contribué à la réalisation de cette recherche. Je tiens à noter que les imperfections et les limites de ce travail sont imputables à moi seul : ce que j'ai écrit dans cette thèse m'engage moi-même et non les personnes citées dans ces remerciements. ACM : Aspects du Christianisme à Madagascar. C'est une revue de l'Université Catholique de Madagascar à Ambatoroka-Antananarivo. AG : Ad Gentes : Décret du concile Vatican II sur l'activité missionnaire de l'Eglise.

Petridou, G. (2024) ‘Communicating with Gods, Offering Bodies, and the Antonine Plague’, in Clelia Martínez Maza, Antón Alvar Nuño, and Jaime Alvar Ezquerra (eds.), Calling Upon Gods, Offering Bodies Strategies of Human-Divine Communication in the Roman Empire. From Individual Experience to Social Reproduction, Peter Lang, 239-264.

My thesis is the product of an in-depth qualitative study of the ‘return’ of British-born Cypriots to Cyprus. By specifically focusing on the second generation, my thesis seeks to rectify the lacuna in research on the second generation’s connections to the ethnic homeland, capitalising on these migrants’ positionalities with respect to questions of home and belonging. The thesis consists of eight chapters: Chapter 1 introduces the context in which the research was conducted; Chapter 2 provides the historical and geographical background for the Cypriot migration experience; Chapter 3 presents the methodological and ethical context in which my research was conducted; Chapters, 4, 5, 6 are the main empirical chapters, discussing the British-born Greek-Cypriot returnees’ experiences, motives and viewpoints, from childhood memories to today’s adult experiences; Chapter 7 provides an additional comparative angle through the inclusion of a subsample of British-born Turkish Cypriots; and fi...

This paper explores spaces of belonging of British-born Cypriots who have 'returned' to the parental homeland, Cyprus. Drawing on life narratives and ethnographic observations collected during fieldwork in Cyprus, the findings demonstrate the potential limitations of exploring notions of 'home' and 'belonging' within ethnic, national or primordial cultural boundaries. Rather, my analysis indicates the need to focus on the new spaces of belonging formed around personal and social relations. These migrants draw upon a variety of home, expatriate and international relationships to create a space made up by components to which they feel they belong, characterised by their time, place, views and experiences. The privileging of such experiences of belonging over 'traditional' classifications of identity (such as ethnicity, religiosity and nationality) brings about a sense of unity defined by one's relations to (actual and metaphorical) spaces, beyond the traditional 'here/there' and 'them/us' dichotomies. By negotiating 'essentialised' and 'non-essentialised' notions of 'home', participants establish new 'third-cultural spaces of belonging'*hybridised, yet located in Cyprus. Hence, being part of such a 'third-cultural space' and also of a 'localised space' are not mutually exclusive.

Cypriots who have relocated to their ancestral homeland, in this article we focus on the significance of childhood visits to the homeland. Freedom -how children were allowed to roam free and stay up late -is the key trope of such memories, in contrast with the strict spatio-temporal parenting they received in the host country. Different, sometimes less pleasant memories, however, emerge when the visits took place during later, teenage years. We explore the connections between childhood visits and adult relocation. Adult returnees find that settlement in the homeland produces a new set of challenges and reactions that differ markedly from childhood experiences and memories. They engage a second narrative trope, nostalgia, reflecting on the loss of the 'authentic' nature of the homeland and its customs and values. Instead, they highlight the materialism and xenophobia of Greek and Cypriot society nowadays. However, they see the 'homeland' as a safer place in which to raise their own children.

This paper uses the metaphor of diasporic hubs and hinterlands to document and analyse the various diasporic formations that overlap and encounter each other on the divided island of Cyprus. After a review of the various ways that islands interface with migration processes and some essential historical and statistical background on Cyprus and its population, the paper considers a number of migrations/diasporas that are based on or affect the island. They include the emigration from the diasporic hub of Cyprus during the 1950s-1970s; return migration, both of the original emigrants and their descendants; the British military/colonial settlement of Cyprus; retirees and ‘lifestyle migrants’; and various categories of recent immigrants, for whom Cyprus is a diasporic hinterland. We draw both similarities and differences between migratory dynamics in the northern, Turkish Cypriot part of the island and the southern, Greek Cypriot part. In the final part of the paper we describe recent fi...

Византийское происхождение древнерусского знака Э: за и против Исследователи древнерусского певческого искусства уже с нача ла XX века отмечали наличие особого знака Э в записи песнопений поздних древнерусских мелизматических распевовпутевого и демественного 1. 1 См. обзор литературы по данной теме в ст. Е. Е. Воробьёва «В поисках транс крипции знака Э в русских невменных партитурах» в данном сборнике.

Pain is a strange beast. The assessment and understanding of pain presents the greatest of challenges for students of pain and patient history (ancient and modern alike). The lived experience of pain evades the historian of disability, the ancient historian, and the archaeologist. It often eludes even the palaeopathologist, who might be able to recognise the physical markers of an ancient ailment on human remains but misses altogether the pervasiveness of chronic suffering in the individual’s lived experience and relationships. Even modern pain specialists, who rely exclusively on quantitative neuroscientific tools, such as fMRI results, for the exploration of pain cannot quite fully comprehend nor qualify its impact on the everyday life of the individual sufferer(s). This study targets narrative strategies and the individual experience of pain in the ancient world, with an extra focus on gout-induced pain in the first and second centuries CE. To that end, this chapter surveys key literary and epigraphic
evidence from this period. The main aim is to showcase the high impact
that gout-related pain has on the ‘lived bodies’ of sufferers.

This paper looks afresh at the socio-religious practice of gift-giving to the divine in the critical context of illness. In terms of methodology, this study draws inspiration from Rosa’s sociological theory of resonant self–world relations and its strong emphasis on bodily relationships,  as well as on recent studies on embodiment and visual culture,  lived religion,  and monumentality.  It also brings together my earlier research interest in the concept of the ‘lived body’,  as well as current research work on bodily fragmentation, fusion, and trans-formation, pursued in the context of the ‘De/Constructing the Body: Ancient and Modern Dynamics’ project.
More specifically, this paper offers a comparative study between modern Greek anatomical tamata (‘dedications’ in Modern Greek) and ancient Greek anathemata (‘dedications’ in ancient Greek) in terms of their magnitude, materiality, and the meanings ascribed to them by their dedicants. The comparison reveals a paradoxical coexistence of processes of miniaturization and magnification in both Antiquity and modernity, which is central to the meaning-making mechanisms of these objects. Despite both types of objects being effectively miniaturized versions of human bodies or body parts (internal and external alike), they exercise monumental power in the eyes of both the dedicants and the deities to whom they are offered. This last premise is fleshed out further by a close comparison between modern and ancient eye-shaped tamata dedicated to St Paraskevi and the analogously shaped ancient Greek anathemata dedicated to Demeter and Kore.

Archeologia to jedna z tych nauk, które odcisnęły swoje piętno na współczesnym, popkulturowym obrazie humanistyki w sposób niepodważalny i znaczący. Wizerunek archeologów kreowany przez popkulturę jest jednak w znacznej mierze odległy od naukowej rzeczywistości i przysparza samym naukowcom tyleż korzyści co problemów. Popkulturowy wizerunek tej nauki jest efektem działania wielu czynników. Należą do nich wielkie produkcje filmowe, tradycja literacka, media poszukujące ciekawej i sensacyjnej rozrywki i aktywność samych archeologów, przekazujących z różnym skutkiem do otoczenia informacje o swoich działaniach. To wszystko sprawia, że archeologia owiana jest często zdaniem wielu ludzi swoistym nimbem tajemnicy zaś w społecznej świadomości wiąże się z podróżami i odkrywaniem zapomnianych, niebezpiecznych grobowców i świątyń, a także z poszukiwaniem skarbów, służących zdaniem wielu, dobrobytowi ich odkrywców. Czy warto podsycać ten obraz czy raczej należy z nim walczyć

A draft dictionary of the Eastern Bantu language Sangu (= Sango, G61) based on notes made while conducting anthropological research in 1980-81 in the village of Utengule-Usangu in what is now Mbarali District in southwest Tanzania. The compilation of the unfinished dictionary is described in a blog post published in November 2010 ('A shoe box for Shisango', East African Notes and Records). This pdf of the computer printout and added cover page was later circulated among researchers and posted online. Among others, it has been used by SIL linguists working in the area and I'm in possession of a partial reworking of the draft by Martin Tlustos (Mbeya, 2000) which marks tones and long vowels. Much more research on the Sangu language has been undertaken since but no dictionary has yet been published.

This volume brings together twenty-two articles by the European ethnologist Paul Henri Stahl (1925-2008), director (1999-2007) and member of the Institute for South-East European Studies in Bucharest since its founding in 1963, honorary member of the Romanian Academy (1993), and professor at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris (1969-1999). Paul H. Stahl’s extensive and multifaceted body of work continues the legacy of the Bucharest School of Sociology (1925-1948) – one of the most significant collective scientific projects of the interwar period – being situated the crossroads of several disciplines: sociology, ethnology, and history. This collection is the result of a carefully curated selection from his complete works, focusing on the overarching theme of the structures that organize the life of traditional societies in South-East Europe. The selected texts are grouped around several interrelated subthemes: archaic pre-state formations, old village communities, the relationship between the built environment (house, church, village) and the social group, biological and symbolic kinship, personal identity, and naming.

Dalam kegiatan pemasaran sebuah produk selalu mengalami tantangan dan dinamika. Tantangan tersebut terjadi juga pada pemasaran produk busana Muslimah di PT Zatta Mulya Industry Cabang Bandung. Salah satu faktor tantangan pemasaran di El Zatta adalah keterbatasan pemahaman anggotaanggota masyarakat mengenai trend fashion busana perempuan yang bernafaskan Islam pada khsusunya. Fenomena yang terjadi, menujukkan bahwa pihak manajemen PT Zatta Mulya Industry belum maksimal dalam penerapan nilai-nilai ajaran Islam dalam kegiatan pemasarannya. Padahal nilainilai pemasaran Islam sebenarnya harus menjadi acuan dalam kegiatan pemasaran produk busana muslimah di El Zatta sebagai produsen produk. Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah tersebut, maka rumusan permasalah dan tujuan penelitian sebagai berikut : 1) Ketentuan strategi pemasaran produk busana Muslimah menurut ajaran Islam, 2) pelaksanaan strategi pemasaran produk El Zatta yang dilakukan manajemen PT Zatta Mulya Industry Cabang Bandung, dan 3) Analisis strategi pemasaran Islami terhadap pelaksanaan strategi pemasaran produk El Zatta di PT Zatta Mulya Industry Cabang Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penyusunan penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analitis, data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder, dan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara survai, wawancara, dan studi literatur. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ketentuan strategi pemasaran produk busana Muslimah menurut ajaran Islam dilakukan dengan berlandaskan keadilan, antarodhin / ‫ﺗﺮاض‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ dan attaáwun / ‫,أﺗﻌﺎون‬ dan tidak mementingkan pihak perusahaan saja dalam mengejar keuntungan, akan tetapi kepentingan konsumen juga harus diperhatikan. Strategi pemsaran yang dilakukan PT Zatta Mulya Industry adalah strategi bauran pemasaran (marketing mix) yang meliputi advertising, komunikasi dan personal selling dengan tidak melupakan nilai-nilai Islam. Strategi pemasaran produk yang dilakukan PT Zatta Mulya Industry telah sesuai dengan strategi pemasaran menurut ajaran Islam.

Product marketing always experiences challenges and dynamics. These challenges place during the Muslim fashion product marketing at PT Zatta Mulya Industry Branch Bandung. One factor in El Zatta marketing challenge is limited understanding of the members of the community about women's clothing fashion trends that Islam breath was especially welcome. The Phenomenon shows that the management of PT Zatta Mulya Industry is not maximized in the application of the moral values of Islam in its marketing activities. Whereas the values of real Islam marketing should be a reference in Muslim clothing product marketing activities in El Zatta as the product manufacturer. Based on the background of the problem, then there are formulation of problems and research objectives. (1) How is the provision of marketing strategy of fashion products Muslim according to Islamic teachings? (2) How is the implementation of product marketing strategy of El Zatta by management PT Zatta Mulya Industry Branc...

Many of our oldest and best-loved stories are about killing guests and betraying hosts. Hospitality is celebrated, in medieval texts and in medieval studies, as a way of binding individuals together and strengthening social cohesion, but both the practice and narration of hospitality was shot through with ambiguity and ambivalence.

This volume shifts the scholarly gaze from the high table — where kings, queens, and honoured guests are graciously served by skilled servants — to the shadowy corners of the hall, the places where gossip and complaint are exchanged, where outlaws hide under the guise of hospitality, where hostages and troublesome strangers are benched, where the light from the hall-fire reflects on drawn blades: prompting difficult reflections on the processes of extraction and predation that provided the material foundations for the feast.

The chapters in Guests, Strangers, Aliens, Enemies range from Silk Road caravanserais in Armenia and crusader relations in the Latin East, through ambassadorial and papal receptions in the Mediterranean, treatment of merchants and the poor in Scandinavia, elite feasts in Latin Europe, to hosting of outlaws and hostages in Eurasia. The authors explore ambiguities of hospitality in the Middle Ages through a wide range of sources and methodological approaches.

RITUAL AND POLITICS: THE “BOOK OF GODPARENTHOOD” OF KING ALEXANDER I KARAĐORĐEVIĆ (1921–1934)

This paper examines the godparenthoods of King Alexander I Karađorđević as an instrument of dynastic and state propaganda in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes/Yugoslavia. Based on the Book of Godparenthood, which is preserved in the treasury of the Church of the Ascension of Christ in Čačak, the study analyzes the distribution of godparenthoods by regions, religious denominations, fathers’ occupations, gender of the children, and the symbolism of gifts. The research shows that godparenthoods were selectively used, with a particular emphasis on the Catholic population in the regions of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire, while Serbia, Montenegro, and "Old Serbia" were less represented. Godparenthoods were most frequently granted to children from large families, and the gifts carried both symbolic and material significance. The king’s envoys were primarily high-ranking officers, reinforcing the authority of the state. A chronological analysis indicates an increase in godparenthoods after 1929, coinciding with the introduction of the royal dictatorship and the policy of integral Yugoslavism. The most common names given to newborns were associated with members of the royal family, underscoring the clear symbolic function of this ritual. The paper concludes that godparenthoods served as an attempt to construct a unified state identity, but their selective application raises questions about the long-term effectiveness of this strategy in light of the political crises that followed.

The core, chief and central objective of this paper is to extol the virtues of ethnography or what we had called "Econoethnography" in the realms of economic planning and economic decision making. It also discusses and debates the need to mainstream "Econoethnography" in Anthropological Economics so that it may be used by future researchers. We begin this paper by describing what both ethnography and participant observation are, by drawing suitable reference to our previously published papers on the subject, where we had discussed them at a great level of detail, and then explaining their various uses of econoethnography for both economic planning and economic-decision making along with the use of ethnography-revealed preferences also in economic planning and decision making. The various types of econoethnography are also explored as discussed threadbare in our previously published paper on Anthropological Economics, and its myriad and multiple benefits for economic science also explained as it can greatly enrich the living human and economic experience, and open new vistas and horizons for hundreds of millions of people all over the world. We believe that this endeavour and undertaking would goad and encourage future researchers to use these techniques in future research for the benefit of better and more well-rounded economic studies.

Ngày nay, khái niệm thực phẩm hữu cơ đã không còn xa lạ đối với người tiêu dùng. Mọi người bắt đầu nhận thức được tầm quan trọng của việc tiêu thụ thực phẩm tự nhiên, sạch và tốt cho sức khỏe là rất quan trọng trong cuộc sống hàng ngày. Nghiên cứu nhằm xác định các yếu tố như ý thức về an toàn thực phẩm, sức khỏe, chất lượng, môi trường và giá cả và tác động của nó đối với ý định mua hàng của người tiêu dùng tại TP.HCM. Những phát hiện của nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng trong số năm yếu tố trên, ý thức về an toàn thực phẩm và sức khỏe ảnh hưởng mạnh đến ý định mua hàng của khách hàng. Các yếu tố còn lại cũng được chứng minh ảnh hưởng ít đến ý định mua hàng của khách hàng. Vì ý định mua là một chỉ số quan trọng về tiêu thụ thực phẩm hữu cơ trong tương lai, các nhà hoạch định chính sách và kinh doanh có thể dựa vào những kết quả này khi cố gắng thúc đẩy thị trường tiêu thụ thực phẩm hữu cơ ở TP.HCM.

O Tarô Etnográfico de Marseille é fruto da residência de pesquisa realizada no Iméra-AMU, entre 2023 e 2024, na cidade mediterrânea de Marseille, na França. Este trabalho procurou aprender uma nova língua - o francês, o marseillais - e as histórias presentes em Marseille, e expressar esses aprendizados por meio de uma linguagem corrente na cidade estudada - o tarô -, mimetizando assim forma e conteúdo. Aqui, evidencio o percurso metodológico não previsto que deu origem a este trabalho, inspirado no "Breve diccionario enciclopédico ilustrado de MI cáncer" de Urrutia (2017), no projeto artístico "Arcanos Menores" de Rodrigues (Rodrigues e Rosa, 2021), no antigo Tarot de Marseille e no Jeu de Marseille. Tal percurso evoca reflexões acerca da mútua afetação entre tarô e etnografia, do lugar dos sonhos em nossas pesquisas e da possibilidade de "reativar" (Sztutman, 2018) o tarô como um antídoto metodológico ou um "paraquedas colorido" (Krenak, 2019) para pensar com a etnografia.

This study aims to investigate the access to a mobile phone, usage pattern, and its impact on mountainous rural women of two districts, i.e., Hunza and Nagar districts of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. To attain the objective of the research, the researchers have employed various statistic methods, and data were collected through a questionnaire from 190 respondents in the study area (200 respondents were selected). Initially, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s tests were used for sampling adequacy, and factor analysis technique was used to explain correlations among multiple outcomes. The results revealed that 80% of women in the Hunza and Nagar districts own mobile phones (access) and 63% have good skills of mobile phone usage for a variety of purposes. Moreover, 56.4% of women use mobile phones in their daily life activities; however, 23.6% disagreed with the statements. On the contrary, the results show that 71.8% women use mobile phones for security purposes. Therefore, the s...

The Compressed Modernity of Legalizing Same-sex Marriage in Taiwan: Digital Activism, Human Rights Discourse, and Intertwined Sexual, Political, and National Identifications by Jyun-Jie Yang Advisor: Professor Matt Brim In 2019, Taiwan became the first Asian country to officially legalize same-sex marriage. Remarkably, the Taiwanese queer movement achieved the goal of marriage equality in only 30 years, with the first tongzhi (同志) activist group organized in 1990. Compared to Euro-American social movements, Taiwanese tongzhi activism has experienced a "compressed modernity" , which accelerates cultural and social transformations. Although Taiwanese academia has been significantly influenced by queer studies as a form of western knowledge production, local scholars and activists created a new interpretation from "queer" to "tongzhi." Entangled with complex political identifications in post-martial-law Taiwan, tongzhi activism had thrived over the past 30 years. In this vein, the contemporary same-sex marriage movement had been intertwined with non-normative sexualities, perplexing national identities, and Cross-Strait geopolitics between "two Chinas." Answering how, why, and who about the compressed modernity of legalizing gay marriage in Taiwan, I argue tongzhi groups shrewdly employed social media to mobilize people on the streets, deployed "human rights" discourse to summon the communal v attachment, and performed identity politics with complex sexual and political identities in this rainbow assemblage. These three accelerated the process of tongzhi modernization but also condensed the ideological contestation, negotiation, and reconciliation. I also highlight that the deployment of "human rights" discourse cannot be reduced to a national project but rather reflects a grassroots perseverance, refuting speculation about Taiwanese "homonationalism." I offer a perspective "from below" to deny the statement of "queer liberalism" in Taiwan (Liu, 2015), arguing that this movement does not embody an extension of American imperialism against China nor rely on domestic bipartisanship. Against an "either…or" inquiry, I contend this grassroots force acted in a "third-way" strategy by wavering among political constraints via its non-governmental and non-normative role to survive among power relations for tongzhi and Taiwan's subjectivity. Keywords: legalizing same-sex marriage, compressed modernity, tongzhi movement, digital activism, human rights, identity politics vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis has to be firstly dedicated to my beloved parents, You-Rong Lian and Ping-Yu Yang who are the biggest financial and mental support when I study abroad in these two years; I am so privileged and won't be here without them. Also, thanks to my twin brother Jyun-Chi and my sister Jyun-Han, you guys are best friends in my life! This work has to be ascribed to my advisor, Dr. Matt Brim, my mentor, Dr. Ying-Chao Kao, and a few Taiwanese scholars, Dr. Wen Liu and Dr. Howard Chiang, who all gave me helpful suggestions which inspired me to hone in my arguments. It is a difficult time to face global lockdown as I study and work on my thesis; it is a lonely and painful but thrilling and enjoyable process as I have immersed myself in exploring the knowledge of tongzhi and Taiwan. Thanks to my housemate Jenny, other best friends in NYC and Taiwan, for giving me social supports during the lockdown. Being a working class, Asian gay (or tongzhi) in New York, I have witnessed drastic social changes in this two years, from the outbreak of COVID-19, #BlackLivesMatter, #StopAsianHate, to recent #MilkteaAlliance, and felt depressed as seeing Asian, Brown, and Black bodies on the ground are oppressed around the world by police brutality, state violence, and authoritarian regimes. But I am so grateful for every social movement I attended in NYC and Taiwan where people gave me a lot of energy to believe in change. This work is not just for me, but for the people "from below", especially those who were in the legalizing same-sex marriage movement from 2016 to 2019 in Taiwan, who stand up on the streets to voice out the right for people. This is a communal contribution for tongzhi and Taiwan; I just have the privilege to narrate the story for my community. This work is not only for Taiwan, but for Hong Kong, Uyghur, Tibet, Thailand, and Myanmar where people are suppressed by Chinese imperialism and domestic militarism. This thesis is just a start for social equality, and I hope one day, we the people, can unite together around the world to fight for justice in solidarity. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………………………………….6 Social and Gender Movements in The Post-Martial Law Era of The 1990s Taiwan………..9 Marriage Equality Movement in Taiwanese Contemporary Society……………….……….18

A presente dissertação de mestrado se constitui como uma etnografia do Movimento Mães de Maio na Baixada Santista do estado de São Paulo, região fundadora desse Movimento após os Crimes de Maio de 2006. Interagindo como pesquisador e apoiador desse movimento de mães enlutadas, cujos filhos foram assassinados por agentes de segurança do Estado e grupos de extermínio entre 12 e 21 de maio de 2006, através de participação e observação em eventos e lives, e pela realização de entrevistas interpretativas, busco compreender como essas mães transformam cíclica e continuamente o seu luto em luta. Nesse processo, analiso como questões como o parentesco, o conflito, o sofrimento e a memória são vividas e (re)formuladas por essas mães, produzindo novos sentidos sobre a maternidade, a política, o luto e a morte. Deste modo, as Mães de Maio são tomadas como agentes de transformação de suas próprias vidas e trajetórias e como referências intelectuais que, por meio de categorias nativas que derivam de suas experiências e perspectivas, ajudam a deslindar a história do Brasil e concebem repertórios de mundo desde as periferias.

What holds Indonesia together? The question suddenly became urgent when widespread demonstrations amidst economic crisis forced the authoritarian President Suharto to step down in May 1998. Secessionist movements were active in Papua, Aceh and East Timor. When communal violence broke out in Maluku, Central Sulawesi and parts of Kalimantan, the word 'disintegration' suddenly leapt into the public discourse in Indonesia. For a while, no country in the world had more experts wondering aloud what the decisive national glue factor was. This dark question even began to overshadow hopeful ones concerning prospects for democracy and prosperity. Many thought society was so fractious that, without a strong figure at the top, the country would Balkanize, fall into religious fundamentalism, or descend into economic chaos. One foreign journalist wrote: 'Diplomats in Jakarta sometimes debate whether it is the breakup of the Soviet Union or of the former Yugoslavia that offers the better illustration of how things could fall apart in this country.'1 Similar fears had preoccupied foreign policy specialists in the mid-1960s as the previous strong figure, Sukarno, grew frail. Both then and more recently, some with longer experience of the country spoke more optimistically about the strength of nationalism, the common language, and about the tolerance and pluralism that have always characterized these Southeast Asian people. In between the pessimists and optimists were those who simply felt Indonesia would somehow 'muddle on.' There was cause enough for worry -Yugoslavia really did fall apartbut on Indonesia the optimists turned out to be right. Other than having a sunny disposition, what did they know that others did not? It was my impression that they had traveled more. They experienced the nation not chapter two 4 Centre, governor, resident, bupati, wedana, and camat -the residency and wedana were later abolished.

In an attempt to comprehend the intersection between the short and accelerated human history with the deep and slow history of the planet, this essay imaginatively follows the temporal and spatial movement of a lithium atom. The essay focuses on the extractive enterprise deployed by SQM, a transnational mining company operating in the Atacama Desert in northern Chile. Proposing a fictional ethnography methodology, the essay historicizes lithium extraction and its political implications, from its extraction from Chilean subsoils to its assemblage into an iPhone cell phone battery in one of Apple's manufacturing bases in China and later commercialization in the United States and Chile, where the lithium atom originated. The essay highlights lithium extraction's different scales and geopolitics to reflect on how transnational technology companies design the global world based on economic gains while destroying vital spaces where human and nonhuman beings have lived together for centuries.

As inovacoes tecnologicas vem alterando o cotidiano em praticamente todas as areas, criando novos modelos de assimilar conhecimento e transmitir informacoes. No ambiente de alguns museus, recursos tecnologicos iniciaram sua atuacao como auxilio a trabalhos arquivisticos, acumulando dados efacilitando a gestao das colecoes, tornando-se depois parte dos sistemas internos de seguranca, do controle do publico, das condicoes ambientais, das reservas tecnicas, da divulgacao de informacoes institucionais em sites oficiais. Essa crescente dependencia tecnologica, ja incorporada as tarefas internas, comeca a penetrar nas galerias dos museus em contato direto com o publico. Aplicativos moveis que ja sao disponibilizados por alguns museus, transformam celulares em audio guias, QR Codes e Realidades Aumentadas ampliam a compreensao dos acervos, levando a crer que no futuro cairao em desuso balcoes de informacoes e folheterias. Mas como qualificar a atuacao das novas tecnologias como parte integ...

En los mitos, el cerro Chaparrí del departamento de Lambayeque (Perú) es un ancestro petrificado cuya forma revela la manera en que se petrificó: colocándose el corazón invertido sobre la cabeza. Pero, además, la corporalidad extendida de Chaparrí alberga otros dos corazones en los que se asume reside su agencia e intencionalidad. Pequeñas piedras del cerro son incluidas en las “mesas” de los maestros curanderos para convocar o hacer actuar a Chaparrí. A partir de nuestra etnografía reflexionamos sobre esta corporalidad fractal del ancestro, planteando la posibilidad de extender la discusión a otros contextos.

This contribution discusses the ethnonym Jf abäsa with a focus on its present use in Ethiopia and Eritrea. In its "core area", the highlands, thc term has a strong ethnic connotation and is cven used as a language designation. In Ethiopia, the tcrm is somctimes spccifically identified with Ethiopians. Likcwise, this kind of "nationalization" bias of the ethnonym exits -in Eritrea where the term is identified with Eritreans. However, the further away people are located from the "core area" the greater and rather general the ethnonym's interpretations and connotations are in usage. In the second part of the following contribution, thc derivations of the ethonym's usage are discussed with particular reference to the well-known Arabic term al-Jfabasa ~\.

Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die Entwicklung von „Ökotourismus“ im Kontext gesellschaftlicher Rahmenbedingungen und sich wandelnder Mensch-Umweltbeziehungen. Als weltweit verbreitete Tourismusform inkludiert Ökotourismus eine enorme Bandbreite an Aktivitäten und ideologischen Ansätzen. Auch wenn eine verbindliche Definition kaum auszumachen ist, soll Ökotourismus idealerweise den Natur- und Artenschutz fördern, einen Nutzen für die lokale Bevölkerung erwirtschaften, die Anerkennung ihres kulturellen Erbes bewirken und die Umweltbildung vorantreiben. Allerdings zeigen ethnographische Studien, dass die Konsequenzen dieser normativen Tourismusform für die lokale Bevölkerung sowie für die Ökosysteme ambivalent sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund diskutiert der Beitrag Machtbeziehungen und ethische, posthumanistische Dimensionen, die die Beziehungen zwischen (Nicht)Menschen und Umwelt weiter verkomplizieren.

Kjo monografi hulumton në mënyrë të thelluar dhe sistematike transformimin juridik të pronës dhe ndërmarrjeve ekonomike në Kosovë gjatë periudhës 1945-1992, nën sundimin e ish-Jugosllavisë socialiste. Libri ndërthur qasjet historike, juridike dhe ekonomike për të ndriçuar origjinën, zhvillimin dhe pasojat e formave të pronësisë shoqërore, publike dhe shtetërore në Kosovë, si dhe ndikimin e tyre në pozitën ekonomike të shqiptarëve. Autori argumenton se proceset e shpronësimit të shqiptarëve janë realizuar nëpërmjet një vargu masash juridike dhe administrative, të cilat kanë pasur si objektiv denacionalizimin dhe marginalizimin e tyre ekonomik. Një vëmendje e veçantë i kushtohet vetëqeverisjes punëtore si paradigmë e organizimit socialist dhe pasojave të saj në sistemin pronësor. Përdorimi i metodologjive të ndryshme-historike, krahasuese, teleologjike, teorike e linguistike-i jep studimit thellësi analitike dhe interpretim të argumentuar. Monografia përmban analizë të legjislacionit kryesor jugosllav që ka ndikuar në formësimin dhe transformimin e ndërmarrjeve, përfshirë ligjet për reformën agrare, kolonizimin, nacionalizimin, organizatat e punës së bashkuar dhe ligjin për ndërmarrjet. Krahas strukturës organizative të ekonomisë, trajtohen edhe aspektet financiare dhe gjyqësore, përfshirë rolin e bankave dhe gjykatave ekonomike. Në pjesën përmbyllëse trajtohen proceset e fundit të shpërbërjes së RSFJ-së dhe tentativat për reformimin e sistemit ekonomik në prag të viteve '90, si dhe ndikimi i politikave serbe në shkatërrimin e strukturave ekonomike dhe juridike në Kosovë. Vlerë shkencore dhe praktike Monografia përfaqëson një studim pionier në fushën e të drejtës historike ekonomike të Kosovës. Ajo jo vetëm që ndriçon të kaluarën e sistemit pronësor dhe juridik, por ofron një bazë të vlefshme për kuptimin e sfidave aktuale të reformave ekonomike dhe pronësore në vend. Puna është e pasur me referenca, dokumente arkivore dhe analiza kritike, duke e bërë këtë studim një burim të domosdoshëm për studiues, juristë, ekonomistë dhe politologë.

Kjo monografi hulumton në mënyrë të thelluar dhe sistematike transformimin juridik të pronës dhe ndërmarrjeve ekonomike në Kosovë gjatë periudhës 1945-1992, nën sundimin e ish-Jugosllavisë socialiste. Libri ndërthur qasjet historike, juridike dhe ekonomike për të ndriçuar origjinën, zhvillimin dhe pasojat e formave të pronësisë shoqërore, publike dhe shtetërore në Kosovë, si dhe ndikimin e tyre në pozitën ekonomike të shqiptarëve. Autori argumenton se proceset e shpronësimit të shqiptarëve janë realizuar nëpërmjet një vargu masash juridike dhe administrative, të cilat kanë pasur si objektiv denacionalizimin dhe marginalizimin e tyre ekonomik. Një vëmendje e veçantë i kushtohet vetëqeverisjes punëtore si paradigmë e organizimit socialist dhe pasojave të saj në sistemin pronësor. Përdorimi i metodologjive të ndryshme-historike, krahasuese, teleologjike, teorike e linguistike-i jep studimit thellësi analitike dhe interpretim të argumentuar. Monografia përmban analizë të legjislacionit kryesor jugosllav që ka ndikuar në formësimin dhe transformimin e ndërmarrjeve, përfshirë ligjet për reformën agrare, kolonizimin, nacionalizimin, organizatat e punës së bashkuar dhe ligjin për ndërmarrjet. Krahas strukturës organizative të ekonomisë, trajtohen edhe aspektet financiare dhe gjyqësore, përfshirë rolin e bankave dhe gjykatave ekonomike. Në pjesën përmbyllëse trajtohen proceset e fundit të shpërbërjes së RSFJ-së dhe tentativat për reformimin e sistemit ekonomik në prag të viteve '90, si dhe ndikimi i politikave serbe në shkatërrimin e strukturave ekonomike dhe juridike në Kosovë. Vlerë shkencore dhe praktike Monografia përfaqëson një studim pionier në fushën e të drejtës historike ekonomike të Kosovës. Ajo jo vetëm që ndriçon të kaluarën e sistemit pronësor dhe juridik, por ofron një bazë të vlefshme për kuptimin e sfidave aktuale të reformave ekonomike dhe pronësore në vend. Puna është e pasur me referenca, dokumente arkivore dhe analiza kritike, duke e bërë këtë studim një burim të domosdoshëm për studiues, juristë, ekonomistë dhe politologë.

Las lenguas documentadas de la familia lingüística charrúa son el chaná, el güenoa, y el charrúa propiamente dicho (posiblemente también el muy poco conocido mbeguá), que se hablaron principalmente en parte de la actual República Oriental del Uruguay y de las provincias argentinas de Entre Ríos y Santa Fe. Hasta relativamente poco tiempo atrás, todas estas lenguas se conocían solo a través de breves vocabularios y se consideraban completamente extinguidas, pero hace casi dos décadas se encontró en Entre Ríos un último semi-hablante de una de ellas, el chaná (Viegas Barros 2006).
El propósito del presente trabajo consiste en realizar un análisis en los niveles descriptivo, comparativo y tipológico de los numerales en las lenguas de esta familia lingüística. El trabajo se estructura de la siguiente manera:

(1) se presentan los numerales documentados en cada lengua;
(2) se analizan morfológicamente (siempre que resulta posible) cada uno de estos numerales,
(3) se establece una caracterización tipológica de los sistemas numerales de cada una de las lenguas,
(4) se reconstruyen los numerales postulables para el proto-charrúa
(5) se examinan las etimologías propuestas hasta el momento para algunos numerales de las lenguas charrúas, y se plantean otras hipótesis nuevas en caso necesario,
(6) se revisan y evalúan las comparaciones externas propuestas hasta el momento.

Los resultados se muestran coherentes con la idea de que el sistema numeral original del proto-charrúa debió de haber sido bastante limitado, posiblemente compuesto por no más de dos o tres unidades, a partir del cual se habrían desarrollado en las lenguas históricamente documentadas sistemas decimales, posiblemente como resultado del contacto con otras lenguas. Las comparaciones externas son en algunos casos sugerentes, pero de ninguna manera resultan concluyentes para establecer posibles relaciones distantes con otras lenguas sudamericanas. Tipológicamente, son de especial interés la existencia en la lengua charrúa de un sistema de base cuatro, poco frecuente en las lenguas del mundo, y el registro de un sistema numeral fluido (es decir, no completamente fijo) en el estado actual de la lengua chaná.

Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.

The core and central objective of this paper is to present the concept of sociocultural advantage as an important and a foundational pillar of anthropological economics, and as an complementary concept to the concept of absolute and comparative cost advantage that already exist in traditional or what we may call legacy economics. The concept of sociocultural advantage may also be productively and effectively be used in economic planning along with the concepts of cultural and anthropological equilibrium which are two other important concepts that we introduce here. We begin this paper by overviewing our previously published work on anthropological economics and reviewing the twin theories of absolute and comparative cost advantage. Our previous concepts such as human, social, cultural and economic capital are also reviewed along with the concepts of sociocultural and socioeconomic groups besides creative intellectual and entrepreneurial classes. The concepts of sociocultural advantage are also assessed along with cultural remediation patterns, strategies and outcomes. This is done with recourse to a study of important social and cultural movements all across the world. The concepts of economic enculturation and economic mind-orientation are also discussed along with the concepts of cultural and economic competitiveness. We hope, expect and believe that this paper will become an important paper in the virgin and nascent field of anthropological economics and improve the lives of hundreds of millions of people all over the world.

a economistas, tratando asuntos de la economía, tenían como fi nalidad lograr un desarrollo institucional y organizacional que responde a las demandas de la época. Contrariamente al liberalismo económico con orientación de capitalismo corporativo que glorifi ca la elección racional o la racionalidad instrumental como el principio central a través de la búsqueda del máximo benefi cio, mueve el crecimiento y desarrollo económico de los individuos en las organizaciones.

Biology and economy dominate contemporary conversations about, and imaginations of, growth. Across their differences, these conversations are based on shared understandings of growth in fairly narrow framings of the biological and the economic. In particular, scholarly and activist debates about economic growth tend to fall into polarized terms—either “for” or “against” growth. This invites reflection on whether it is possible to think growth otherwise, and to consider the intellectual, political, and ethical implications of doing so.