Surface Mo-Enrichment and Plasma Carburizing on Sintered Iron: Microstructure and Tribological Properties

BMC Gastroenterology, 2012

Background: Pre-marketing clinical studies of tegaserod suggested an increased risk of abdominal surgery, particularly cholecystectomy. We sought to quantify the association between tegaserod use and the occurrence of abdominal or pelvic surgery, including cholecystectomy. Methods: This cohort study was conducted within an insured population. Tegaserod initiators and similar persons who did not initiate tegaserod were followed for up to six months for the occurrence of abdominal or pelvic surgery. Surgical procedures were identified from health insurance claims validated by review of medical records. The incidence of confirmed outcomes was compared using both as-matched and as-treated analyses.

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2006

The American journal of gastroenterology, 2006

To assess the long-term safety and tolerability of tegaserod in patients with chronic constipation (CC). This 13-month, uncontrolled extension study enrolled CC patients who completed a 12-wk randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled core study. Patients receiving tegaserod 6 or 2 mg b.i.d. during the core study continued on the same dose; those receiving placebo were switched to tegaserod 6 mg b.i.d (placebo-to-tegaserod). Safety and tolerability were assessed by monitoring adverse events (AEs), laboratory parameters, vital signs, and electrocardiograms. Symptom evaluations included patient satisfaction with bowel habit and bothersomeness of constipation, abdominal distension/bloating, and abdominal discomfort/pain. A total of 842 patients entered the extension study; 451 (54%) completed. AEs typically occurred within the first month of tegaserod treatment. Long-term treatment neither increased AE incidence nor revealed new safety risks. Headache (11.3%, 14.5%, and 16.1% in the ...

American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2002

Tegaserod is a selective serotonin (5-HT 4 ) receptor partial agonist effective in providing relief from abdominal pain, bloating, and constipation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Tegaserod therapy may be associated with early transient diarrhea, which is related to its mechanism of action. This study was performed in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and symptoms of diarrhea to further assess the safety of tegaserod.

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2004

Background & Aims: Chronic constipation is a common gastrointestinal disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of tegaserod, a serotonin subtype 4 receptor partial agonist in patients with chronic constipation. Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. After a 2-week baseline, patients received tegaserod 2 mg twice daily (n ‫؍‬ 450), tegaserod 6 mg twice daily (n ‫؍‬ 451), or placebo (n ‫؍‬ 447) for 12 weeks, followed by a 4-week withdrawal period. Responders were those patients having been treated for at least 7 days with an increase of >1 complete spontaneous bowel movement/week vs. baseline during weeks 1-4 (primary variable) and weeks 1-12 (secondary variable). Other secondary variables included patient assessment of constipation symptoms (number of bowel movements, stool form, abdominal bloating/distention, straining, and abdominal pain/discomfort), and global assessment of constipation and bowel habits. Results: Responder rates for complete spontaneous bowel movement during weeks 1-4 were significantly greater (P < 0.0001) in the tegaserod 2 mg twice daily (41.4%) and 6 mg twice daily groups (43.2%) vs. placebo (25.1%). This effect was maintained over 12 weeks. Statistically significant improvements over placebo were observed across the majority of secondary variables for both tegaserod doses. No rebound effect was observed after treatment withdrawal. Tegaserod was well tolerated; headache and nasopharyngitis, the most frequent adverse events, were more common in the placebo group than in either tegaserod group. Conclusions: Over 12 weeks, tegaserod treatment produced significant improvements in chronic constipation symptoms and was also safe and well tolerated.

The American journal of managed care, 2005

This study sought to determine the real-world effectiveness of tegaserod therapy on gastrointestinal (GI)-related resource utilization in a managed care population with a retrospective, longitudinal pre-/post-parallel cohort study of tegaserod users and a matched reference cohort of tegaserod nonusers through medical and pharmacy claims data from a large, geographically diverse, managed care organization. Continuously enrolled benefit-eligible patients newly initiated on tegaserod therapy (index prescription) were identified between August 1, 2002, and June 30, 2003, and were categorized (using International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes) as having irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or another GI-related disorder (e.g., gastroesophageal reflux disease). GI-related resource utilization (office visits, hospitalizations, emergency department visits, endoscopic and nonendoscopic procedures, and GI drug prescriptions) was determined for the...

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2006

Polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution (PEG-EL) used for colonoscopy preparation is not well tolerated by several patients. A significant number of patients have inadequate bowel preparation despite taking PEG-EL.

The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2004

CONCLUSIONS: This study showed no significant pharmacodynamic effect of tegaserod on gallbladder contractility or on CBD and CHD diameters as a surrogate marker of sphincter of Oddi function during both the interdigestive (fasting) and the digestive (postprandial) periods in healthy female subjects and female patients with IBS-C.

Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2006

Tegaserod is a partial 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor agonist with prokinetic effects on the gastrointestinal tract, its effects on oesophageal function are unknown.

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, 2008

Background: Problems of compliance, quality, and safety of colon preparation regimens have prompted continued investigation with alternative forms of cleansing.