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2011, UNU-MERIT Working Paper Series
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28 pages
1 file
In this paper we provide a new contribution and fill the gap in the Sudanese literature by investigating the importance (impact) of tacit and codified sources of knowledge at the micro and macro levels in Sudan using new primary data from the firm survey (2010 ...
2004
The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment of the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is copyrighted. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the World Bank. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2007
Since the process of globalization era, we can always lived in economics of knowledge. The cicle of economics founded on knowledge are compost by three components: the investment in knowledge; the production and the diffusion of information technology and communication (ITC) and the institutional mechanisms that favor the access to knowledge (Foray, 2004). By fact the economics are divided in Micro and Macroeconomics, this work has as objective to approach theme "Microeconomics of Knowledge" based on African case. We concluded that, in general analysis, South Africa and Tunisia are the countries of the selected with better performance in microeconomics of knowledge, and Angola, Chad and Ethiopia are poor countries in this area of knowledge. High rates of adult alphabetization can stimulate companies and firms to employ skilled personal according to their necessities and this personal can and it is ready to work with advanced technology and to effect R&D for development of their activities.
2003
The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment of the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is copyrighted. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the World Bank. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly.
2017
This study attempts to make diagnosis of the progress of the three sub-regions of Saharan Africa (East and Central Africa, West Africa and Southern Africa) in the transition towards knowledge based economies, and to assess whether transition to knowledge based economy improves the sub-regions’ economic performance. The authors adopt the World Bank KAM (Knowledge Assessment Methodology) developed in the institution’s Knowledge for Development (K4D) and the database available on the web page of the World Bank as well as other sources. The KAM methodology was used to examine the state of knowledge in the SSA region with the view to identifying the differences among the three sub-regions in terms of their transition to knowledge economy. Using the data on knowledge economy index (KEI) it is found that compared to the rest of the world, the knowledge economy development in most SSA countries is still in its infancy. At the sub-regional level however, the Southern African sub-region outpe...
Learning, 2004
Drawing insights from firm-level survey, this paper addresses three broad issues relating to the role of learning and knowledge in African industry. First, we examined modes of learning proxied by training in small and medium firms. We found that elementary learning mechanisms such as apprenticeship, resulting in the creation of tacit knowledge, are the dominant forms of learning. While knowledge externalities tend to benefit larger firms, small enterprises with little absorptive capacity are locked into repetitive routines of learning-by-doing and disconnected from both local and global knowledge pools. Second, we looked at the types and nature of the mix of formal knowledge and human skills possessed by firms and how these impact on the learning process. Management and technical training are mostly conducted in-house and are correlated with firm output and export performance. The level of resources devoted to training also correlates with performance. Thirdly, we examine the effect of interaction of local knowledge institutions and small and medium producers to generate autonomous technical dynamism. While small firms collaborate with suppliers and industrial associations, interaction with 'knowledge creators' such as universities is insignificant. We suggest that economic policy has a role to play in stimulating dynamic learning in firms.
UNU-MERIT Working Paper Series, 2010
In this paper we use the systematic, descriptive and statistical approaches, fill the gap in the Arab literature and present a more comprehensive analysis of the important ways of enhancing the incidence and transfer of knowledge in the Arab countries. Different from the conventional view in the literature that use the conventional classification of countries according to income level, an interesting element in our analysis is that we use a more comprehensive classification not only by income level but also by geographic location and the structure of the economy to examine the important ways of enhancing the incidence and transfer of knowledge in the Arab countries. We find that somewhat surprising the classification of Arab countries by income level provides inconclusive evidences in terms of capacity to create knowledge. Our findings support the first hypothesis that the components of knowledge show positive correlation with economic growth and hence can be used to enhance economic growth and promote human capital in the Arab countries. Our results corroborate the second and third hypotheses that the incidence and transfer of knowledge can be enhanced by institutional support in the form of subsidies and incentives to knowledge components (education, R&D and ICT). The major policy implication from our findings is that in order to benefit from integration in global knowledge economy the Arab countries should create the most appropriate political, economic, educational, technological and scientific institutions. The Arab countries should stimulate local efforts and incentives for building and transferring knowledge and should pay more attention to enhance institutions setting, especially, effective system of intellectual property rights protection to motivate the creation and transfer of knowledge. A part from the role of Arab governments, it is essential for Arab societies to support the culture aimed at fostering and enhancing the incidence and transfer of knowledge.
BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development, 2022
Despite the mounting importance of the knowledge economy in diversifying Arab economies, the knowledge transition in these countries is still in its early stages, with a long road ahead. The study's main aim is to examine the role of the knowledge economy in economic growth and to recognize the most influential knowledge pillar for a sample of 11 Arab countries during the period 2000-2020, namely:
2012
The Establishment of the Rahad Agriculture Scheme in Eastern Sudan in the 1970s established an agricultural innovation system where different actors including research, extension, investment, and agro-pastoral farmers network in order to provide better livelihoods within the irrigated scheme area. This investigation focuses on the question of how knowledge of farming has been networked among the actors in the scheme so as to facilitate an innovation process within Rahad Scheme area. System thinking was suggested as a methodology to analyze knowledge networking among actors in Rahad. Accordingly, Rapid Appraisal of Agricultural Knowledge Systems (RAAKS) was conducted to identify roles and objectives of relevant actors in Rahad. It was used to define knowledge sharing among actors, and finally RAAKS is to be used to suggest future strategies to improve knowledge networking among actors of Rahad Agriculture Scheme. Essential to achieving the objectives of the study is to understand the...
International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 2021
Over the past ten years, Arab Gulf countries have made it an explicit aim to transform their economies into a knowledge-based economy. Now the knowledge economies have expanded and become more essential for Arab Gulf states. It had become a strategic vision and plans for economic diversification. This paper aims to analyse the impact of knowledge-based economy on economic development in Arabic Gulf countries over the 1980-2015 period. This study employed a wide variety of dimensional index approach to a knowledge-based economy. The data allowed us to evaluate the impact of knowledge on economic growth extensively. Panel time series method was employed to analyse the role of knowledge-based economy on economic development, using the long-run FLOMS, DOLS and PMG regression analysis. This study found that three knowledge-based economy criteria, education, information and communication technology (ICT) and innovation, significantly influence Arabic Gulf countries' economic growth. The findings are useful for the regulators in the Gulf countries as input for their effort to create an economic environment conducive to enhancing the level of knowledge and, hence, economic growth.
2004
I am grateful to Dr. Samir Radwan for suggestions on an earlier draft. 2 As is well known, Sudan's post-independence history featured two civil wars: a first civil war that has started in 1955, but is usually classified in the literature as having started in the 1960s, and was settled in 1972 with peace duration of about ten years. The second war started in 1983 and is currently at the stage of being settled. The total area of Sudan is about 2.51 million squared kilometers, of which the South accounts for 33.3%. At independence the total population of the country was about 10.3 million persons with the population of the South accounting for 27.1%. Currently the official estimate of total population is 33.6 million; the share of the South is 17%. 3 See, for example, Khalid (2003), and Yongo-Bure (1993). 4 The development experience of Sudan, looked at from the perspective of economic growth over the period 1960-1999, has been one of low and volatile per capita GDP growth. The average per capita growth rate for the period is calculated as 0.4 percent per annum with a standard deviation of about 14 percentage points.
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