Academia.eduAcademia.edu

The Welding Handbook for maritime welders The Welding Handbook

Profile image of helton bruzehelton bruze

Abstract

Notice: All welding is carried out on the welder's own risk and account. Welding should be executed by a qualified and experienced welder and adequate safety measures should always be adhered to. The information and guidelines in this Welding Handbook are based on general information and knowledge at hand and are believed to be accurate and reliable, but the information and guidelines are not to be taken as a guarantee or warranty for a special purpose. The information and guidelines are provided to the welder solely for his own consideration, and Wilhelmsen Maritime Services AS assumes no legal responsibility or liability for eventual damages and/or losses should the information and/or guidelines turn out to be incorrect or un-suitable. Wilhelmsen Maritime Services AS is not liable for any loss or damages whatsoever and howsoever arising which is due to force majeure, other events beyond the reasonable control of Wilhelmsen Maritime Services AS or events that could not reasonably be foreseen by Wilhelmsen Maritime Services AS when this Welding Handbook was made. Wilhelmsen Maritime Services AS is in no event liable for indirect, incidental or consequential damages or losses, including damages for loss of profits, resulting from lack of conformity, including but not limited to loss resulting from goods or software not working when connected to other goods/software or for any related cause thereto. Wilhelmsen Maritime Services AS's liability shall in any event not exceed the total purchase price of the Wilhelmsen Maritime Services AS goods used during the welding operations. Theses conditions are automatically accepted by anybody using the information and guidelines in this Welding Handbook.

Figures (522)
Unitor’s business activity traces back to 1905 and the company NAG with Acetylene production as a basic activity. The first maritime deliveries from this period were supply of Acetylene as fuel gas for the guiding light beams from numerous lighthouses along the long and weather-beaten coast of Norway. The purpose of the Unitor Welding Handbook for maritime welders is to provide guidancs in modern welding and related processes and to provide the welder with a source of practical information on the right solution to specific onboard welding problems.
Unitor’s business activity traces back to 1905 and the company NAG with Acetylene production as a basic activity. The first maritime deliveries from this period were supply of Acetylene as fuel gas for the guiding light beams from numerous lighthouses along the long and weather-beaten coast of Norway. The purpose of the Unitor Welding Handbook for maritime welders is to provide guidancs in modern welding and related processes and to provide the welder with a source of practical information on the right solution to specific onboard welding problems.
Place ground clamp (return clamp) directly on the work piece, know where the return current goes.
Place ground clamp (return clamp) directly on the work piece, know where the return current goes.
Keep cables and hoses clear of passage ways.
Keep cables and hoses clear of passage ways.
Ensure proper ventilation.
Ensure proper ventilation.
Full scale table overleaf
Full scale table overleaf
This indicates an Austenitic stainless steel. Manganese steel, stainless steel: good weldability, but remember: no pre-heating.
This indicates an Austenitic stainless steel. Manganese steel, stainless steel: good weldability, but remember: no pre-heating.
Another simple test to find out whether the component is of alumin- ium, magnesium-alloyed aluminium or magnesium is as follows:
Another simple test to find out whether the component is of alumin- ium, magnesium-alloyed aluminium or magnesium is as follows:
Higher strength filler materials must be used for welding low alloy steel. Use: SPECIAL, LH, LHV, LHT, LHL, LHR, ICROMO, TENSILE, GPS, HSTSF.
Higher strength filler materials must be used for welding low alloy steel. Use: SPECIAL, LH, LHV, LHT, LHL, LHR, ICROMO, TENSILE, GPS, HSTSF.
Standard construction steel, high strength steel, manganese steel and hardwearing steel Standard construction steel, high strength steel, manganese steel and hardwearing steel
Standard construction steel, high strength steel, manganese steel and hardwearing steel Standard construction steel, high strength steel, manganese steel and hardwearing steel
of the correct electrode for the job will depend on the percentage of Mo and Cr in the alloy. LHT and ICROMO are heat resistant filler materials in the Unitor range. For welding of heat resistant steel, filler material with heat resistant deposit only may be used. Selection
of the correct electrode for the job will depend on the percentage of Mo and Cr in the alloy. LHT and ICROMO are heat resistant filler materials in the Unitor range. For welding of heat resistant steel, filler material with heat resistant deposit only may be used. Selection
* Single values denote maximum percentage unless otherwise stated Unless otherwise stated, other elements of all alloys listed include maximum contents of 2,0 % Mn, 1,0 % Si, 0,045 P and 0,03 % S. Balance Fe. with a few exceptions exceeds 7%. Austenitic grades are non-magnetic. Autenitic stainless steel has the highest corrosion resistance of all the stainless steel. Most materials for chemical carriers are selected from this group of materials, and AISI 316 L is the most commonly used. The highest tonnage of weldable stainless steel produced are of the austenitic grades. These are the chromium nickel steel of the AIS! 200 and 300 series in which chromium vernal awnrrnnle: TTI aneel wlan!
* Single values denote maximum percentage unless otherwise stated Unless otherwise stated, other elements of all alloys listed include maximum contents of 2,0 % Mn, 1,0 % Si, 0,045 P and 0,03 % S. Balance Fe. with a few exceptions exceeds 7%. Austenitic grades are non-magnetic. Autenitic stainless steel has the highest corrosion resistance of all the stainless steel. Most materials for chemical carriers are selected from this group of materials, and AISI 316 L is the most commonly used. The highest tonnage of weldable stainless steel produced are of the austenitic grades. These are the chromium nickel steel of the AIS! 200 and 300 series in which chromium vernal awnrrnnle: TTI aneel wlan!
* Single values denote maximum percentage unless otherwise noted. Unless otherwise noted, other elements of all alloys listed include maximum contents of 2.0 % Mn, 1.0 % Si, 0,045 % | and 0,030 % S. Balance is Fe
* Single values denote maximum percentage unless otherwise noted. Unless otherwise noted, other elements of all alloys listed include maximum contents of 2.0 % Mn, 1.0 % Si, 0,045 % | and 0,030 % S. Balance is Fe
The presence of the graphite flakes promotes ready machinability, useful damping properties and resistance to wear. However, the flakes also serve as crack-indicators, and gray cast iron cannot be bent or forged to shape, neither in cold nor in red-hot condition.
The presence of the graphite flakes promotes ready machinability, useful damping properties and resistance to wear. However, the flakes also serve as crack-indicators, and gray cast iron cannot be bent or forged to shape, neither in cold nor in red-hot condition.
cerium in quantity of a few thosandths of 1% is included.
cerium in quantity of a few thosandths of 1% is included.
If the damage is in the form of a crack in the material, it may be difficult to determine where the crack actually
If the damage is in the form of a crack in the material, it may be difficult to determine where the crack actually
Place the patch in the hole and secure it in position but do not tackweld it. As this will prevent the patch from expanding to heat. Now weld the patch to the casting, using the backstep technique as indicated in the sketch. Be careful to let each bead of 2 - 3cm cool off before proceeding with the next bead. Use UNITOR NIFE-334N for the build-up.
Place the patch in the hole and secure it in position but do not tackweld it. As this will prevent the patch from expanding to heat. Now weld the patch to the casting, using the backstep technique as indicated in the sketch. Be careful to let each bead of 2 - 3cm cool off before proceeding with the next bead. Use UNITOR NIFE-334N for the build-up.
Filling holes that penetrate clear through the casting
Filling holes that penetrate clear through the casting
Wrap reinforcement tape around the pipe and patch totally encapsulating it. Make sure the product is impregnating the tape so that the final surface consists of product that can be smoothed out and blending in with the pipe surface.
Wrap reinforcement tape around the pipe and patch totally encapsulating it. Make sure the product is impregnating the tape so that the final surface consists of product that can be smoothed out and blending in with the pipe surface.
Brass
Brass
The use of Yorcalbro piping allows a higher flow rate in the pipe than possible with copper piping. A flow rate up to 3.5m/s is permitted in Yorcalbro pipes compared to 1.52 m/s in copper pipes. Copper sea water piping on board ships has increasingly been replaced by Yorcalbro pipes. Yorcalbro (aluminium brass) is an alloy with the following chemical composition and mechanical specification: Some years ago, numerous welding tests were carried out on Yorcalbro pipes using the TIG (GTAW) process. The results were very satisfactory. Both small and large size pipes were welded in these tests, and the conclusions were as follows:
The use of Yorcalbro piping allows a higher flow rate in the pipe than possible with copper piping. A flow rate up to 3.5m/s is permitted in Yorcalbro pipes compared to 1.52 m/s in copper pipes. Copper sea water piping on board ships has increasingly been replaced by Yorcalbro pipes. Yorcalbro (aluminium brass) is an alloy with the following chemical composition and mechanical specification: Some years ago, numerous welding tests were carried out on Yorcalbro pipes using the TIG (GTAW) process. The results were very satisfactory. Both small and large size pipes were welded in these tests, and the conclusions were as follows:
Inspection prior to welding also includes verification of correct process and procedures are to be employed — that the electrode type and size and the equipment settings for voltage and amperage are as specified — and that provisions are made for required preheat or post heat.
Inspection prior to welding also includes verification of correct process and procedures are to be employed — that the electrode type and size and the equipment settings for voltage and amperage are as specified — and that provisions are made for required preheat or post heat.
Dye Penetrant Inspection products
Dye Penetrant Inspection products
The Minidryer-350 is equipped with 2m primary cable and plug. It has a thermostat for continuous selection of the temperature from 100 to 350 °C (212 °F to 662 °F).
The Minidryer-350 is equipped with 2m primary cable and plug. It has a thermostat for continuous selection of the temperature from 100 to 350 °C (212 °F to 662 °F).
Note: ABS deviates slightly on yield and tensile strength limits for grades 2Y and 3Y and also on impact test values in all grades. Lettering Code:
Note: ABS deviates slightly on yield and tensile strength limits for grades 2Y and 3Y and also on impact test values in all grades. Lettering Code:
* MSDS available on request. ** 90% of max. amperage Re-drying temperature: Normally no need.
* MSDS available on request. ** 90% of max. amperage Re-drying temperature: Normally no need.
Suitable for tack welding and welding on clamp fitments.
Suitable for tack welding and welding on clamp fitments.
Re-drying temperature: Normally no need. * MSDS available on request. ** 90% of max. amperage Welding data
Re-drying temperature: Normally no need. * MSDS available on request. ** 90% of max. amperage Welding data
* MSDS available on request. ** 90% of max. amperage Welding data
* MSDS available on request. ** 90% of max. amperage Welding data
Re-drying temperature: 300 °C (572 °F) for two hours.
Re-drying temperature: 300 °C (572 °F) for two hours.
Re-drying temperature: 350 °C (662 °F) for two hours. * MSDS available on request. ** 90% of max. amperage Welding data
Re-drying temperature: 350 °C (662 °F) for two hours. * MSDS available on request. ** 90% of max. amperage Welding data
The A measurement should be 7/10 of material thickness.
The A measurement should be 7/10 of material thickness.
Packaging data Re-drying temperature: 350 °C (662 °F) for two hours.
Packaging data Re-drying temperature: 350 °C (662 °F) for two hours.
When a large weld cross-section is required, weld a bead on either side of the root bead as shown
When a large weld cross-section is required, weld a bead on either side of the root bead as shown
Re-drying temperature: 350 °C (662 °F) for two hours.
Re-drying temperature: 350 °C (662 °F) for two hours.
Can also be used for welding CorTen steel and Mayari R steels. Welding data
Can also be used for welding CorTen steel and Mayari R steels. Welding data
Re-drying temperature: 350 °C (662 °F) for two hours.
Re-drying temperature: 350 °C (662 °F) for two hours.
Welding data
Welding data
Re-drying temperature: 350 °C (662 °F) for two hours.
Re-drying temperature: 350 °C (662 °F) for two hours.
Welding data ‘ MSDS available on request. ** 90% of max. amperage Packaging data
Welding data ‘ MSDS available on request. ** 90% of max. amperage Packaging data
Re-drying temperature: 250 °C (482 °F) for two hours.
Re-drying temperature: 250 °C (482 °F) for two hours.
Re-drying temperature: 250 °C (482 °F) for one hour. Rebuilding worn exhaust valves in combustion engines.
Re-drying temperature: 250 °C (482 °F) for one hour. Rebuilding worn exhaust valves in combustion engines.
* MSDS available on request. Welding data
* MSDS available on request. Welding data
Trawler equipment subject to metal to earth wear and metal to metal wear. Suitable for both joining and making wear resistant overlays.
Trawler equipment subject to metal to earth wear and metal to metal wear. Suitable for both joining and making wear resistant overlays.
Re-drying temperature: 250 °C (482 °F) for one hour. Worn winch wheels and anchor windlass wheels on anchoring systems. Cargo handling equipment and dredger equipment, T1-steel, N-A-Xtra steel, OXAR steel, Fine grain steel, Cr Mo steel, Manganese steel, Shear blades.
Re-drying temperature: 250 °C (482 °F) for one hour. Worn winch wheels and anchor windlass wheels on anchoring systems. Cargo handling equipment and dredger equipment, T1-steel, N-A-Xtra steel, OXAR steel, Fine grain steel, Cr Mo steel, Manganese steel, Shear blades.
Welding data
Welding data
Re-drying temperature: 250 °C (482 °F) for two hours. Austenitic manganese steel with 12-14% Mn Harden able or self harden able steel
Re-drying temperature: 250 °C (482 °F) for two hours. Austenitic manganese steel with 12-14% Mn Harden able or self harden able steel
Re-drying temperature: 350 °C (662 °F) for two hours. MSDS available on request. ** 90% of max. amperage
Re-drying temperature: 350 °C (662 °F) for two hours. MSDS available on request. ** 90% of max. amperage
Packaging data
Packaging data
Re-drying temperature: 350 °C (662 °F) for two hours. * MSDS available on request. ** 90% of max. amperage
Re-drying temperature: 350 °C (662 °F) for two hours. * MSDS available on request. ** 90% of max. amperage
All weld metal composition
All weld metal composition
Can also be used for welding dissimilar materials: Unalloyed and low alloyed steels to Duplex stainless steel. Stainless steel to Duplex steels. All weld metal composition
Can also be used for welding dissimilar materials: Unalloyed and low alloyed steels to Duplex stainless steel. Stainless steel to Duplex steels. All weld metal composition
Do not contain chloride containing agents such as hydrochloric acid (HCL) NB. Do not pickle in direct sunlight.
Do not contain chloride containing agents such as hydrochloric acid (HCL) NB. Do not pickle in direct sunlight.
Re-drying temperature: 200 °C (392 °F) for two hours.
Re-drying temperature: 200 °C (392 °F) for two hours.
Re-drying temperature: 80 °C (176 °F) for two hours.
Re-drying temperature: 80 °C (176 °F) for two hours.
Start welding at the end of the crack and work inwards.
Start welding at the end of the crack and work inwards.
Small parts should be brazed with AG- 60 and AG-60/45 Flux-252 PF. Larger dimensions should be TIG welded with Icuni 30 329.
Small parts should be brazed with AG- 60 and AG-60/45 Flux-252 PF. Larger dimensions should be TIG welded with Icuni 30 329.
Welding data
Welding data
Re-drying temperature: 250 °C (482 °F) for one hour.
Re-drying temperature: 250 °C (482 °F) for one hour.
Unitor ALBRONZE-344 is not recom- mended for welding Yorcalbro and Cunifer pipes.
Unitor ALBRONZE-344 is not recom- mended for welding Yorcalbro and Cunifer pipes.
* This box is placed inside a vacuum metal pouch. Also applicable as surfacing electrode. Re-drying temperature: In vacuum packing and therefore no need for re-drying. Opened packages: 80 °C for 1 hour.
* This box is placed inside a vacuum metal pouch. Also applicable as surfacing electrode. Re-drying temperature: In vacuum packing and therefore no need for re-drying. Opened packages: 80 °C for 1 hour.
Joining a cast aluminium cover. Such parts should be pre-heated to approx. 300°C if possible Aluminium electrodes absorb moisture very easily and must be stored in a dry, preferably moisture-controlled, place. When first received the electrode box is placed inside a vacuum metal pouch.
Joining a cast aluminium cover. Such parts should be pre-heated to approx. 300°C if possible Aluminium electrodes absorb moisture very easily and must be stored in a dry, preferably moisture-controlled, place. When first received the electrode box is placed inside a vacuum metal pouch.
Packaging data
Packaging data
* MSDS available on request. Note: The copper coating will oxidize during the process, but this will not influence the performance of the product. Welding data
* MSDS available on request. Note: The copper coating will oxidize during the process, but this will not influence the performance of the product. Welding data
Unitor rods for TIG Welding are supplied in sealed plastic containers. All rods are supplied in 500 mm lengths for convenient use. The label on each container fully identifies the contents, and also gives rod data and basic information on application areas and use.
Unitor rods for TIG Welding are supplied in sealed plastic containers. All rods are supplied in 500 mm lengths for convenient use. The label on each container fully identifies the contents, and also gives rod data and basic information on application areas and use.
TIG welding rod for welding of low alloy creep and hydrogen resistant Cr-Mo steels. Suitable for working temperatures up to 550°C. Also recommended for welding of high tensile steels.
TIG welding rod for welding of low alloy creep and hydrogen resistant Cr-Mo steels. Suitable for working temperatures up to 550°C. Also recommended for welding of high tensile steels.
TIG welding rod with extra low carbon for welding stainless CrNiMo-steels.
TIG welding rod with extra low carbon for welding stainless CrNiMo-steels.
IG welding rod for welding of Duplex stainless steel
IG welding rod for welding of Duplex stainless steel
Whenever possible, welding should take place in the workshop, in the horizontal position.
Whenever possible, welding should take place in the workshop, in the horizontal position.
*MSDS available on request.
*MSDS available on request.
General Purpose Self-Shielded Electrode wire for the welding of mild steel and ships steel. All position welding, including vertical down.
General Purpose Self-Shielded Electrode wire for the welding of mild steel and ships steel. All position welding, including vertical down.
Solid wire for GMA welding of copper-nickel alloys containing 10-30% Ni.
Solid wire for GMA welding of copper-nickel alloys containing 10-30% Ni.
Solid wire for GMA welding of copper-aluminium alloys e.g.Yorcalbro. High resistance to corrosion and wear.
Solid wire for GMA welding of copper-aluminium alloys e.g.Yorcalbro. High resistance to corrosion and wear.
Solid wire for GMA welding of aluminium alloys with maximum 5% Mg.
Solid wire for GMA welding of aluminium alloys with maximum 5% Mg.
Self -Shielded Flux Cored Wire for Hard Surfacing
Self -Shielded Flux Cored Wire for Hard Surfacing
Gas welding rod for welding of unalloyed and low alloyed structural steel with a carbon content of less than 0.2%.
Gas welding rod for welding of unalloyed and low alloyed structural steel with a carbon content of less than 0.2%.
Identification
Identification
Alumag-235 may be used for TIG-welding if High Frequency stabilized AC current is available. Shielding gas: Argon, 6-9 I/min. Gas welding rod for wrought and cast aluminium alloys containing up to 5% Mg. Generally it can be used for all cast alloys containing magnesium as the main alloying element.
Alumag-235 may be used for TIG-welding if High Frequency stabilized AC current is available. Shielding gas: Argon, 6-9 I/min. Gas welding rod for wrought and cast aluminium alloys containing up to 5% Mg. Generally it can be used for all cast alloys containing magnesium as the main alloying element.
Remember that fluxes can be contaminated. Therefore, always replace the lid after use. In gas welding a flame with a slight excess of acetylene is used, together with ALUFLUX 234 F, a flux which reduces oxides and counteracts oxidation in the welding zone. This flux which is in powder form can be mixed with clean water into a paste that is painted onto the welding area and the welding rod. If the work pieces are thick, it is also recommended to use flux at the back of the joint. The flux is highly corrosive on aluminum and should be removed immediately after
Remember that fluxes can be contaminated. Therefore, always replace the lid after use. In gas welding a flame with a slight excess of acetylene is used, together with ALUFLUX 234 F, a flux which reduces oxides and counteracts oxidation in the welding zone. This flux which is in powder form can be mixed with clean water into a paste that is painted onto the welding area and the welding rod. If the work pieces are thick, it is also recommended to use flux at the back of the joint. The flux is highly corrosive on aluminum and should be removed immediately after
* MSDS available on request.
* MSDS available on request.
A clean surface with sufficient flux allows the brazing alloy to flow out and bind to the surface
A clean surface with sufficient flux allows the brazing alloy to flow out and bind to the surface
Typical Capillary/Silver brazing joints. Note that they all utilise capillary action.
Typical Capillary/Silver brazing joints. Note that they all utilise capillary action.
A flux-coated wear-resistant bronze rod used for applying a hard-wearing surface to bronze, brass, copper, steel, cast iron and malleable cast iron. Also used for braze welding cast iron.
A flux-coated wear-resistant bronze rod used for applying a hard-wearing surface to bronze, brass, copper, steel, cast iron and malleable cast iron. Also used for braze welding cast iron.
Unitor FC-Wearbro 262 is specially suitable for building up damaged machine parts which have been subjected to impact, wear or bending strain, e.g. gear wheels, cams of all types, valve seats, bearing surfaces and shaft journals. Due to its low bonding temperature, high strength and toughness, it is also suitable for braze welding cast iron.
Unitor FC-Wearbro 262 is specially suitable for building up damaged machine parts which have been subjected to impact, wear or bending strain, e.g. gear wheels, cams of all types, valve seats, bearing surfaces and shaft journals. Due to its low bonding temperature, high strength and toughness, it is also suitable for braze welding cast iron.
Flux coated rod for joining and surfacing cast iron and brazing cast iron to steel. Oil impregnated cast iron may also be brazed with FC-Castiron 268 S.
Flux coated rod for joining and surfacing cast iron and brazing cast iron to steel. Oil impregnated cast iron may also be brazed with FC-Castiron 268 S.
AG-60/45 Flux 252 PF (250 g container) product no. 093-603050. Bare cadmium free silver rod for joining of all types of steel, stainless steel, copper, copper alloys, nickel and nickel alloys, cast iron and hard metals. This brazing rod gives a very good joint and can be used for brazing nipples, sleeves and unions to copper pipes. Description
AG-60/45 Flux 252 PF (250 g container) product no. 093-603050. Bare cadmium free silver rod for joining of all types of steel, stainless steel, copper, copper alloys, nickel and nickel alloys, cast iron and hard metals. This brazing rod gives a very good joint and can be used for brazing nipples, sleeves and unions to copper pipes. Description
Use additional flux AG-60/45 Flux 252 PF For Yorkalbro use Albro flux 263 PF For capillary brazing of saltwater pipes, a filler containing at least 50% silver is required for providing the joint with the same degree of corrosion resistance as the metal in the pipe.
Use additional flux AG-60/45 Flux 252 PF For Yorkalbro use Albro flux 263 PF For capillary brazing of saltwater pipes, a filler containing at least 50% silver is required for providing the joint with the same degree of corrosion resistance as the metal in the pipe.
foxicity Do not swallow. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. sontents Disodium tetraborate. Other components and water.
foxicity Do not swallow. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. sontents Disodium tetraborate. Other components and water.
xicity Do not swallow. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
xicity Do not swallow. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Contents Potassium fluorosilicate, other components and water.
Contents Potassium fluorosilicate, other components and water.
ontents Potassium bifluoride, zinc chloride, other components and water.
ontents Potassium bifluoride, zinc chloride, other components and water.
oe Se, See Se, Pee ee Application should be carried out as soon as possible after surface preparation is completed, otherwise oxidation can take place. Do not apply product when relative humidity exceeds 85% nor when surface is less than 3 °C above the dew point. NB: The work site temperature must be above 5°C (40°F) in order for the noalwmar chamiral raartinn tn taka nlara
oe Se, See Se, Pee ee Application should be carried out as soon as possible after surface preparation is completed, otherwise oxidation can take place. Do not apply product when relative humidity exceeds 85% nor when surface is less than 3 °C above the dew point. NB: The work site temperature must be above 5°C (40°F) in order for the noalwmar chamiral raartinn tn taka nlara
Unitor's Rubbergrade products are cold-vulcanising elastomeric repair materials for use on rubber as well as metal components.
Unitor's Rubbergrade products are cold-vulcanising elastomeric repair materials for use on rubber as well as metal components.
As long as good practise is observed Leak Stop can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided wi each packaged product. Product specification sheet — Leak Stop
As long as good practise is observed Leak Stop can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided wi each packaged product. Product specification sheet — Leak Stop
Before proceeding, please read the following information application carefully to ensure that proper procedures are fully understood.
Before proceeding, please read the following information application carefully to ensure that proper procedures are fully understood.
Wrap while pulling firmly
Wrap while pulling firmly
* Leak Stop III should be used in multiple roll applications 1 pe. 4" x 12' (100 mm x 3,6 m) black repair tape in a pouch. For use on pipe diameter 2'—4" (50-100 mm). If used outside this diameter area:
* Leak Stop III should be used in multiple roll applications 1 pe. 4" x 12' (100 mm x 3,6 m) black repair tape in a pouch. For use on pipe diameter 2'—4" (50-100 mm). If used outside this diameter area:
1 pc. 2" x 4' (50 mm x 1,2 m) black repair tape in a poucl For use on pipe diameter 0-1" (0-25 mm). If used outside this diameter area: 1 pe. 2" x 12' (50 mm x 3,6 m) black repair tape in a pouch. For use on pipe diameter 1'-2" (25-50 mm).
1 pc. 2" x 4' (50 mm x 1,2 m) black repair tape in a poucl For use on pipe diameter 0-1" (0-25 mm). If used outside this diameter area: 1 pe. 2" x 12' (50 mm x 3,6 m) black repair tape in a pouch. For use on pipe diameter 1'-2" (25-50 mm).
Recommended Temperature Limits For Application: 5 °C TO 40 °C Chemical resistance Manufactured under a quality program certified to ISO 9002 As long as good practise is observed MetalGrade Ready-Stick can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product. Indefinite when stored in unopened original containers between 5 °C to 40 °C
Recommended Temperature Limits For Application: 5 °C TO 40 °C Chemical resistance Manufactured under a quality program certified to ISO 9002 As long as good practise is observed MetalGrade Ready-Stick can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product. Indefinite when stored in unopened original containers between 5 °C to 40 °C
Cut off equal length of Base & Activator sticks
Cut off equal length of Base & Activator sticks
Thoroughly mix by hand kneading until streak free
Thoroughly mix by hand kneading until streak free
Suitable for permanent immersion at 20 °C (68 °F) in a limited range of chemicals. For a more detailed description refer to the Chemical Resistance Chart. Chemical resistance Manufactured under a quality program certified to ISO 9002 As long as good practice is observed MetalGrade Express can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product. Indefinite when stored in unopened original containers between 5 °C to 40 °C
Suitable for permanent immersion at 20 °C (68 °F) in a limited range of chemicals. For a more detailed description refer to the Chemical Resistance Chart. Chemical resistance Manufactured under a quality program certified to ISO 9002 As long as good practice is observed MetalGrade Express can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product. Indefinite when stored in unopened original containers between 5 °C to 40 °C
grease and dirt) with a cleaner. B) Remove all loose rust and surface coatings. Prepared Surfaces should be dry. Using the Spatula provided the mixed material should be pressed firmly
grease and dirt) with a cleaner. B) Remove all loose rust and surface coatings. Prepared Surfaces should be dry. Using the Spatula provided the mixed material should be pressed firmly
Chemical resistance Manufactured under a quality program certified to ISO 9002 As long as good practice is observed MetalGrade Rebuild can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product. Product specification sheet — Metalgrade Rebuild
Chemical resistance Manufactured under a quality program certified to ISO 9002 As long as good practice is observed MetalGrade Rebuild can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product. Product specification sheet — Metalgrade Rebuild
If Reinforcement Bandage is used to strengthen the repair, the bandage should be impregnated with MetalGrade Rebuild, or the bandage should be laid over the surface of the MetalGrade Rebuild and pressed into the surface. Additional MetalGrade Rebuild should then be applied over the surface.
If Reinforcement Bandage is used to strengthen the repair, the bandage should be impregnated with MetalGrade Rebuild, or the bandage should be laid over the surface of the MetalGrade Rebuild and pressed into the surface. Additional MetalGrade Rebuild should then be applied over the surface.
This product is resistant to a wide range of acids, bases and solvents. However, immersion service is not recommended due to it's slightly porous structure. As long as good practice is observed MetalGrade Hi-Temp can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product.
This product is resistant to a wide range of acids, bases and solvents. However, immersion service is not recommended due to it's slightly porous structure. As long as good practice is observed MetalGrade Hi-Temp can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product.
Repairs pin holes, cracks and warped sur- faces on high temperature, low pressure systems including incinerators, manifolds, stacks, heat exchangers and turbines.
Repairs pin holes, cracks and warped sur- faces on high temperature, low pressure systems including incinerators, manifolds, stacks, heat exchangers and turbines.
Work procedure for heavy build up
Work procedure for heavy build up
Chemical resistance Nanufactured under a quality program certified to ISO 9002 Indefinite when stored in unopened original containers between 5 °C to 40 °C As long as good practice is observed AquaGrade Rebuild can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product.
Chemical resistance Nanufactured under a quality program certified to ISO 9002 Indefinite when stored in unopened original containers between 5 °C to 40 °C As long as good practice is observed AquaGrade Rebuild can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product.
Pipes leaking water
Pipes leaking water
Chemical resistance Manufactured under a quality program certified to ISO 9002 As long as good practice is observed CeramiGrade Rebuild can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product. Indefinite when stored in unopened original containers between 5 °C to 40 °C
Chemical resistance Manufactured under a quality program certified to ISO 9002 As long as good practice is observed CeramiGrade Rebuild can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product. Indefinite when stored in unopened original containers between 5 °C to 40 °C
When CeramiGrade Rebuild is being used to repair leaking pipes, the flow through the pipe should be discontinued until the repair is made and the CeramiGrade Rebuild is set. Any leaking fluid must be wiped from the prepared surface before undertaking the repair. When a second coat is required, this should be done as soon as the first coat has set. (within 4 hours)
When CeramiGrade Rebuild is being used to repair leaking pipes, the flow through the pipe should be discontinued until the repair is made and the CeramiGrade Rebuild is set. Any leaking fluid must be wiped from the prepared surface before undertaking the repair. When a second coat is required, this should be done as soon as the first coat has set. (within 4 hours)
Recommended Temperature Limits For Application: 5 °C TO 40 °C Chemical resistance Aanufactured under a quality program certified to ISO 9002 As long as good practice is observed CeramiGrade Liner can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product. Indefinite when stored in unopened original containers between 5 °C to 40 °C
Recommended Temperature Limits For Application: 5 °C TO 40 °C Chemical resistance Aanufactured under a quality program certified to ISO 9002 As long as good practice is observed CeramiGrade Liner can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product. Indefinite when stored in unopened original containers between 5 °C to 40 °C
Heavy contamination due to oil or grease must be removed using a cleaner. Where possible, abrasive blasting is the preferred surface preparation, especially in fluid flow repairs.
Heavy contamination due to oil or grease must be removed using a cleaner. Where possible, abrasive blasting is the preferred surface preparation, especially in fluid flow repairs.
Below - 20 °C impact resistance will be considerably reduced. The product will become brittle. Excellent against water, oil, grease, detergents, diluted acids and alkaline. Resistant to solvents, aliphatic alcohols and aromatics. Against esters, ketones and chlorinated hydrocarbons, tests are recommended. As long as good practice is observed Ceramigrade Abrashield can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product. 12 months when stored in unopened original containers between 5 °C to 40 °C
Below - 20 °C impact resistance will be considerably reduced. The product will become brittle. Excellent against water, oil, grease, detergents, diluted acids and alkaline. Resistant to solvents, aliphatic alcohols and aromatics. Against esters, ketones and chlorinated hydrocarbons, tests are recommended. As long as good practice is observed Ceramigrade Abrashield can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product. 12 months when stored in unopened original containers between 5 °C to 40 °C
Recommended Temperature Limits For Application: 5 °C to 40 °C Curing Time
Recommended Temperature Limits For Application: 5 °C to 40 °C Curing Time
As long as normal good practices are observed Ceramigrade Abrashield can be safely used. A fully detailed Material Safety Data Sheet is included with the set. The information provided in this Instruction sheet is intended as a general guide only. Users should determine the suitability of the product for their own particular purposes by their own tests. Detailed specifications are available on request from Unitor
As long as normal good practices are observed Ceramigrade Abrashield can be safely used. A fully detailed Material Safety Data Sheet is included with the set. The information provided in this Instruction sheet is intended as a general guide only. Users should determine the suitability of the product for their own particular purposes by their own tests. Detailed specifications are available on request from Unitor
Ceramigrade Abrashield can also be used in combina- tion with the hard surfacing electrode Abratech-330 to fill in between runs. The welding runs give the polymer side support and stability.
Ceramigrade Abrashield can also be used in combina- tion with the hard surfacing electrode Abratech-330 to fill in between runs. The welding runs give the polymer side support and stability.
Chemical resistance Aanufactured under a quality program certified to ISO 9002 As long as good practice is observed Rubbergrade 6 Rebuild can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product. Indefinite when stored in unopened original containers between 5 °C to 40 °C
Chemical resistance Aanufactured under a quality program certified to ISO 9002 As long as good practice is observed Rubbergrade 6 Rebuild can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product. Indefinite when stored in unopened original containers between 5 °C to 40 °C
Using the spatula provided the mixed material should be spread evenly onto the prepared area, working the material into any cracks and surface
Using the spatula provided the mixed material should be spread evenly onto the prepared area, working the material into any cracks and surface
Heavy contamination due to oil or grease must be removed using a cleaner. Any areas of frayed or fragmented rubber should be cut away to provide a sound repair area.
Heavy contamination due to oil or grease must be removed using a cleaner. Any areas of frayed or fragmented rubber should be cut away to provide a sound repair area.
Chemical resistance Nanufactured under a quality program certified to ISO 9002 As long as good practice is observed Rubbergrade 6 Remould can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product. Indefinite when stored in unopened original containers between 5 °C to 40 °C
Chemical resistance Nanufactured under a quality program certified to ISO 9002 As long as good practice is observed Rubbergrade 6 Remould can be safely used. Wearing of rubber gloves is advisable during use. Prior to using this product please consult the Safety Data Sheet provided with each packaged product. Indefinite when stored in unopened original containers between 5 °C to 40 °C
As long as normal good practices are observed RubberGrade 6 ReMould can be safely used. A fully detailed Material Safety Data Sheet is included with the set. The information provided in this Instruction sheet is intended as a general guide only. Users should determined the suitability of the product for their own particular purposes by their own tests. Detailed specifications are available on request from Unitor.
As long as normal good practices are observed RubberGrade 6 ReMould can be safely used. A fully detailed Material Safety Data Sheet is included with the set. The information provided in this Instruction sheet is intended as a general guide only. Users should determined the suitability of the product for their own particular purposes by their own tests. Detailed specifications are available on request from Unitor.
Arce processes require a complete electric circuit. Always remember proper grounding.
Arce processes require a complete electric circuit. Always remember proper grounding.
DC current, constant towards the positive (+) pole.
DC current, constant towards the positive (+) pole.
Direct current moving from — to +
Direct current moving from — to +
TIG welding Accessories for UWI-150 AutoLine
TIG welding Accessories for UWI-150 AutoLine
Application set-up for TIG welding
Application set-up for TIG welding
Conventional welding rectifier for maximum durability in marine environment
Conventional welding rectifier for maximum durability in marine environment
TIG welding accessories (Based on having Stick Electrode accessories)
TIG welding accessories (Based on having Stick Electrode accessories)
ee eee Application set-up for Stick Electrode welding
ee eee Application set-up for Stick Electrode welding
Application set-up for TIG welding Argon for TIG shielding gas is available in 10 | cylinders (E-10) and 50 | cylinders (E-50)
Application set-up for TIG welding Argon for TIG shielding gas is available in 10 | cylinders (E-10) and 50 | cylinders (E-50)
wei FU Multi purpose welding inverter
wei FU Multi purpose welding inverter
weer TV Application set-up for Stick Electrode weldin UWI-400 as a manual electrode welding unit with a remote control unit and welding cables.
weer TV Application set-up for Stick Electrode weldin UWI-400 as a manual electrode welding unit with a remote control unit and welding cables.
TIG welding accessories (Based on having Stick electrode accessories)
TIG welding accessories (Based on having Stick electrode accessories)
UWI-400 as TIG welding unit with a remote control unit, TIG torch set and return cable.
UWI-400 as TIG welding unit with a remote control unit, TIG torch set and return cable.
Wire welding accessories (Based on having Stick electrode accessories) Argon or Argon CO, for Wire Welding shielding gas available in 10 | cylinders (E-10/M-10) and 50 | cylinders (E-50(M-50)
Wire welding accessories (Based on having Stick electrode accessories) Argon or Argon CO, for Wire Welding shielding gas available in 10 | cylinders (E-10/M-10) and 50 | cylinders (E-50(M-50)
UVWVI-4U0 Application set-up for Wire welding UWI-400 as wire welding unit with a SC 12 RC wire feeder, wire welding torch and returr cable.
UVWVI-4U0 Application set-up for Wire welding UWI-400 as wire welding unit with a SC 12 RC wire feeder, wire welding torch and returr cable.
NB In this location the remote control extension cables can be mounted
NB In this location the remote control extension cables can be mounted
x) Bring machine to work site and use short electrode/ground cables only
x) Bring machine to work site and use short electrode/ground cables only
Ground clamp 200 A/400 A/600 A. Grind off rust and paint before connecting ground clamp in order to ensure optimal contact with the workpiece
Ground clamp 200 A/400 A/600 A. Grind off rust and paint before connecting ground clamp in order to ensure optimal contact with the workpiece
This is how the Adapter Plug works:
This is how the Adapter Plug works:
Tech sheets for all products under section Consumables.
Tech sheets for all products under section Consumables.
R510 regulator with flow meter in order to adjust gas flow in I/min.
R510 regulator with flow meter in order to adjust gas flow in I/min.
Correct Grinding of Tungsten electrodes for DC welding
Correct Grinding of Tungsten electrodes for DC welding
This remote set up might also be used for stick electrode welding. Remote amp set up for TIG-torch T-210 complete with DIX 70 (197-676932) used on UWR-303
This remote set up might also be used for stick electrode welding. Remote amp set up for TIG-torch T-210 complete with DIX 70 (197-676932) used on UWR-303
This remote set up might also be used for stick electric welding Remote amp set up for TIG torch T-210 complete with DIX 70 (197-676932) when used on UWI-400
This remote set up might also be used for stick electric welding Remote amp set up for TIG torch T-210 complete with DIX 70 (197-676932) when used on UWI-400
TIG Equipment & Accessories for Unitor Welding Machine Range
TIG Equipment & Accessories for Unitor Welding Machine Range
Connect the equipment and purge the gas system. Check electrode and electrode stick-out.
Connect the equipment and purge the gas system. Check electrode and electrode stick-out.
The most common gas to use is Argon or Formier gas (90% N? and 10% H?) The ideal concentration of oxygen is below 25 ppm, as this is insufficient t oxidize stainless steel.
The most common gas to use is Argon or Formier gas (90% N? and 10% H?) The ideal concentration of oxygen is below 25 ppm, as this is insufficient t oxidize stainless steel.
In Wire Welding a wire from a reel is fed through a welding torch passing a contact tip supplying the welding current. The wire melts and is transferred to the pool through the arc that is shielded by a gas. The shielding gas is necessary to prevent oxygen from the air oxidising the pool.
In Wire Welding a wire from a reel is fed through a welding torch passing a contact tip supplying the welding current. The wire melts and is transferred to the pool through the arc that is shielded by a gas. The shielding gas is necessary to prevent oxygen from the air oxidising the pool.
Torch Consumable Parts, Speedweld-160
Torch Consumable Parts, Speedweld-160
Drive roll & Wire guide kits for Wire feeder SC 12 RC
Drive roll & Wire guide kits for Wire feeder SC 12 RC
The torch has adjustable neck and is delivered complete with tools for neck adjustment and contact tip change. It is delivered with 3 m cable, complete with liner and contact tips for 0.8—1.2 mm wire. The teflon liner allows for all wire types including aluminium.
The torch has adjustable neck and is delivered complete with tools for neck adjustment and contact tip change. It is delivered with 3 m cable, complete with liner and contact tips for 0.8—1.2 mm wire. The teflon liner allows for all wire types including aluminium.
Steel, Position welding, 80% Ar, 20% Co, Shielding gas H: Horizontal, VD: Vertical down, VU: Vertical up
Steel, Position welding, 80% Ar, 20% Co, Shielding gas H: Horizontal, VD: Vertical down, VU: Vertical up
Steel, Position welding, 80% Ar, 20% CO, Shielding gas
Steel, Position welding, 80% Ar, 20% CO, Shielding gas
Stainless steel, Position welding, 80% Ar, 20% CO, Shielding gas
Stainless steel, Position welding, 80% Ar, 20% CO, Shielding gas
Stainless steel, Horizontal welding, 80% Ar, 20% CO, Shielding gas
Stainless steel, Horizontal welding, 80% Ar, 20% CO, Shielding gas
Aluminium, Horizontal welding, Argon Shielding gas
Aluminium, Horizontal welding, Argon Shielding gas
Aluminium, Horizontal welding, Argon Shielding gas
Aluminium, Horizontal welding, Argon Shielding gas
luminium, Position welding, Argon Shielding ga
luminium, Position welding, Argon Shielding ga
Copper alloys, Horizontal, Argon Shielding gas NB: When welding Cunifer backing gas must be used
Copper alloys, Horizontal, Argon Shielding gas NB: When welding Cunifer backing gas must be used
Aluminum and its alloys are not possible to flame cut because its oxides have a higher melting point than the metal itself. Pure aluminum melts at 658°C (1216°F) but the aluminum oxides melts at 1926°C (3500°F)
Aluminum and its alloys are not possible to flame cut because its oxides have a higher melting point than the metal itself. Pure aluminum melts at 658°C (1216°F) but the aluminum oxides melts at 1926°C (3500°F)
The process utilizes the electrically One common description of plasma is that it is the fourth state of matter. We normally think of the three states (At a temperature of between 2000°C (3600°F) and 10000°C (18000°F) a process of ionization and dissociation of the gas molecules take place. The molecules are split in molecular and atomic ions and free electrons. When this happens, the gas, which has now become plasma, is electrtrically conductive because free electrons are available to carry current).
The process utilizes the electrically One common description of plasma is that it is the fourth state of matter. We normally think of the three states (At a temperature of between 2000°C (3600°F) and 10000°C (18000°F) a process of ionization and dissociation of the gas molecules take place. The molecules are split in molecular and atomic ions and free electrons. When this happens, the gas, which has now become plasma, is electrtrically conductive because free electrons are available to carry current).
Unitor Plasma Cutter UPC-1040 Technical Data UPC-1040 is supplied complete with
Unitor Plasma Cutter UPC-1040 Technical Data UPC-1040 is supplied complete with
Air supply precaution: Use only oil-free dry compressed air. Normally the control air on board will have the best quality.
Air supply precaution: Use only oil-free dry compressed air. Normally the control air on board will have the best quality.
Arc Welding Current Distribution System socket is a 10 pole amphenol type, female for both inlet and outlet stations. The socket is equipped with a screw cover. The remote control connection is done with a special connection cable and/or adaptor, see ordering information. A red diode 130 VAC is placed between the welding terminals to warn when outlet is live. The housing is mounted to the bulkhead by use of brackets that are inelidad with the inlate / nitlate
Arc Welding Current Distribution System socket is a 10 pole amphenol type, female for both inlet and outlet stations. The socket is equipped with a screw cover. The remote control connection is done with a special connection cable and/or adaptor, see ordering information. A red diode 130 VAC is placed between the welding terminals to warn when outlet is live. The housing is mounted to the bulkhead by use of brackets that are inelidad with the inlate / nitlate
The energy (kJ/cm?e S) from the core flame of acetylene compared to propane at various mixing rates with oxygen. Hydrogen molecules dissociate on the surface of the core flame and recombine on the surface of the workpiece.
The energy (kJ/cm?e S) from the core flame of acetylene compared to propane at various mixing rates with oxygen. Hydrogen molecules dissociate on the surface of the core flame and recombine on the surface of the workpiece.
Temperature variation through a neutral acetylene/oxygen flame.
Temperature variation through a neutral acetylene/oxygen flame.
Combustion velocity of acetylene com- pared to propane.
Combustion velocity of acetylene com- pared to propane.
UCT-500 Master kit in heavy duty PVC case, containing complete instructions and one each of all items marked 1) below. UCT-500 Compact kit in PVC case containing complete instructions and one each of all items marked 2) below. UCT-500 components and spares
UCT-500 Master kit in heavy duty PVC case, containing complete instructions and one each of all items marked 1) below. UCT-500 Compact kit in PVC case containing complete instructions and one each of all items marked 2) below. UCT-500 components and spares
Dimensions: 600 x 600 x 300mm Free distance above cabinet 310 mm. Weight complete 56 kg. The Unitor workshop cabinet for Gas Cutting, Welding, Heating and Brazing.
Dimensions: 600 x 600 x 300mm Free distance above cabinet 310 mm. Weight complete 56 kg. The Unitor workshop cabinet for Gas Cutting, Welding, Heating and Brazing.
Filter Shade Glass
Filter Shade Glass
Welding and Grinding Goggles
Welding and Grinding Goggles
NB: Gas hoses are measured on their internal diameter. 6 mm (1/4”), hose is adequate for the gas consumption for all blowpipes and cutting nozzles in the welding and cutting set X 21.
NB: Gas hoses are measured on their internal diameter. 6 mm (1/4”), hose is adequate for the gas consumption for all blowpipes and cutting nozzles in the welding and cutting set X 21.
Flashback can result in the hose exploding, and/or catch- ing fire. In extreme cases, the regulator may catch fire.
Flashback can result in the hose exploding, and/or catch- ing fire. In extreme cases, the regulator may catch fire.
Table for welding, brazing, heating
Table for welding, brazing, heating
It is important to adjust welding flame correctly for the material to be welded. Flame types are given under the descriptions of the various filler materials.
It is important to adjust welding flame correctly for the material to be welded. Flame types are given under the descriptions of the various filler materials.
Vertical rightward welding
Vertical rightward welding
Unusual fire and explosion hazard
Unusual fire and explosion hazard
*Full cylinders at approx. 15 °C.
*Full cylinders at approx. 15 °C.
Metric and Decimal Equivalents of Fractions of an Inch
Metric and Decimal Equivalents of Fractions of an Inch
>*hysical properties of some elements
>*hysical properties of some elements
Hardness comparison table
Hardness comparison table

Related papers

ESAB_Welding_Handbook_2005_(8th_Edition)[1].pdf
Hussien Ali

Welding referance

View PDFchevron_right
.10 - General Welding Fabrication and Testing
Juan Velasquez Serna
View PDFchevron_right
CEN/TC 121/SC 2 CEN TC 121 Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels (ISO/FDIS 9606-1:2002(E
Boby Rachman
View PDFchevron_right
API 1104, 22 nd EDITION UNDERSTANDING WELDING AND REPAIR PROCEDURES
Sadhasivam Velu

API 1104, 22nd EDITION UNDERSTANDING WELDING AND REPAIR PROCEDURES

View PDFchevron_right
Welding Journal-August 2011
Jožef Medved

2011

Welding is an important process and has a very important part in industry, especially in the automotive, maritime, and energy sectors. Although welding has many advantages, it also has some disadvantages such as thermal expansion and shrinkage or microstructural transformations, which cause stresses. All these processes have a main influence on the distortion during and after welding. With knowing all these properties and welding parameters, it’s possible to predict the final distortion. Accurate prediction of the distortion is important when distortion on some unique, large parts has to be predicted. To achieve the deformation in the desirable limits, changes in welding parameters can be made, such as welding sequence and clamping of the welded parts. When changing some welding parameters of complex parts, with a large number of beads or multipass welding, etc., it’s not easy to predict the distortion after welding (Refs. 1, 2). When the welding procedure is planned, it’s now possi...

View PDFchevron_right

Related topics

  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Civil Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Chemistry
  • Renewable Energy

    • References (104)

    1. Coated Electrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 TIG Welding Rods & Fluxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
    2. Wires for Wire Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
    3. Gas Welding Rods & Fluxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
    4. Brazing Rods & Fluxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
    5. Cold Repair Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 3.01 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Types of electrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Storing and re-drying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 Classification and approvals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
    6. Welding positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
    7. GPO-30 N General Purpose Electrode For Mild Steel . . . . . . 150
    8. GPR-300H High Recovery Electrode for Mild Steel . . . . . . . . . 15 SPECIAL-303 N Double Coated Electrode for Mild and Ship Quality Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
    9. LHH-314 High Recovery Low Hydrogen Electrode for Ship Quality Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
    10. LHV-316 N Vertical Down Welding Low Hydrogen Electrode for Ship Quality Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
    11. LHT-318 N Electrode for High Temperature Steel . . . . . . . . . . 16
    12. LHL-319 N Electrode for Low Temperature Steel . . . . . . . . . . . 164
    13. LHR-30 N Electrode for Weathering Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
    14. TENSILE-38 N Electrode for Difficult-to-Weld Steel. . . . . . . . . . . . 168 IMPACT-39 S Electrode for Heat Resistant Overlays . . . . . . . . . . 170
    15. WEARMAx-37 Electrode for Joining & Wear Resistant Overlays 17 ABRATECH-330 Electrode for abrasive wear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 18/8-31 N Electrode for Stainless Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
    16. 3/14-3 N Electrode for Stainless Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
    17. DUPLEx-35 N Electrode for Duplex Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 PICKLING GEL Pickling Gel for Stainless Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
    18. NIFE-334 N Nickel Iron Electrode for Cast Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
    19. NICKEL-333 N Nickel Electrode for Cast Iron . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
    20. TINBRO-341 Electrode for Copper Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
    21. ALBRONZE-344 Electrode for Copper Alloys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 ALUMIN-351 N Electrode for Aluminum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
    22. CH--38 Electrode for Chamfering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
    23. ACA-384 Electrode for Air Carbon Arc Gouging . . . . . . . . . . 196
    24. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 00
    25. Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01 IMS-10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    26. ICROMO-16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04 18/8
    27. Mo-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06
    28. IDUPLEx-. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08
    29. ICUNI-30-39 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
    30. IALBRO-37 MF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    31. I-FLUx-38 PF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
    32. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    33. MS-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
    34. Alumag-35 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
    35. Aluflux-34 F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
    36. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Typical application areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 How do Cold Repairs work? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 How to prepare the surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 How to apply the product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
    37. Polymer Cold Repair Kit-A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
    38. Product overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
    39. Leak Stop -Pipe repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
    40. Metalgrade Ready-Stick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    41. Metalgrade Express . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
    42. Metalgrade Rebuild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
    43. Metalgrade Hi-Temp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
    44. Aquagrade Rebuild. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
    45. Ceramigrade Rebuild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
    46. Ceramigrade Liner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
    47. Ceramigrade Abrashield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
    48. Rubbergrade 6 Rebuild . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
    49. Rubbergrade 6 Remould . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
    50. Electric Welding Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Electrode welding & gouging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 TIG welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
    51. Wire welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403 Plasma cutting & gouging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 Current distribution system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
    52. 4.01 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Basic principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Power source characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Selecting power source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
    53. UWI-150 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    54. UWI-01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    55. UWR-303. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    56. UWI-400 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
    57. UWR-85. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary extension cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secondary cables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrode holders, cable connectors & ground clamp assembly . . .
    58. Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    59. Welding techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Edge preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrodes for electrode welding & gouging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air Carbon arc gouging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . UWI-134 DP 197-60781 N.A. UWI-140 197-60781 N.A. UWI-150 197-60781 N.A. 197-607810 197-510010 176-576157 176-175596 176-175505 196-63794 197-597310 197-59738
    60. UWI-400 197-67693 191-670414 (191-67694) Remote amp control 8 m fits on to TIG torch by Velcro straps. Must be added if TIG torch is to function in TIG mode on UWI-400.
    61. 02 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
    62. Basic principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
    63. Shielding gas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
    64. Equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
    65. Speedweld-160 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414 SC 1 RC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
    66. Regulator & accessories. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
    67. Application areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Preparation for welding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
    68. Welding technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
    69. Edge preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
    70. Wires for wire welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 438
    71. Description Unit Product no. Inlet station Stainless steel 400 A Pcs. 195-624320 Outlet station stainless steel 400 A Pcs. 195-624338 Inlet station Stainless steel 800 A Pcs. 195-736728 Outlet station stainless steel 800 A Pcs. 195-736736 Remote control connection cable cable for UWI-350 MP Pcs. 195-624577 Remote control connection cable cable for UWI-400/UWR-85 Pcs. 195-608760 Remote control connection cable cable for UWR-303 Pcs. 195-603993 Remote control adapter for UWI-400/UWR-85 Pcs. 195-604157 Remote control adapter for UWI-303 Pcs. 195-604306 Cable connector Dix 70 male/female Pcs. 195-632893 Cable connector Dix 10 male/female Pcs. 195-736744 PROCESS & EqUIPMENT Gas Welding Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
    72. Ac/Ox cutting, welding, brazing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 Gas supplies and gas distribution system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
    73. 5.01 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
    74. The Combination Torch UCT-500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
    75. UCT-500 Components and spares . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
    76. The Unitor Workshop Cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 468
    77. Welding and grinding goggles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
    78. Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
    79. Portable gas equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
    80. Gas hoses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
    81. Hose connectors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478
    82. Gas regulators for cylinders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
    83. Flashback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
    84. Flashback arrestors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
    85. The acetylene/oxygen flame. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
    86. Operating instructions for UCT-500 cutting torch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486
    87. Cutting procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488
    88. Common cutting faults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490
    89. Operating instructions for UCT-500 brazing, welding & heating torch 49 Maintenance of blowpipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
    90. Heating techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496
    91. Flame straightening techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
    92. Welding techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
    93. Butt joints for gas welding of steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
    94. Consumables and parameters for gas welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
    95. Soldering and brazing techniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
    96. Edge preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
    97. Consumables and parameters for brazing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508 UCT-500 Master kit in heavy duty PVC case, Product number: 170-500000
    98. UCT-500 Compact kit in heavy duty PVC case, Product number: 170-500001
    99. 01 T-bars, straightening in web direction Heat both flanges, first no. 1 starting at the arrow head, and then no. .
    100. T-bars, straightening the web sideways Heat both flanges, first no.1 starting at the arrow head, and then no. .
    101. 01 International system of units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
    102. The Greek Alphabet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General conversion factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
    103. Roman numerals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metric and decimal equivalents of fractions of an inch . . . . . . . . . . . Wire cross section AWG/mm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Common gauge series for sheet thickness and wire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Physical properties of some elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hardness comparison table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corrosion of galvanic couples in sea water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temperature scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pressure variations related to temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abbreviations and welding terminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 6.00 Barwil Unitor Ships Service Mail: P.O. Box 33 NO-1324 Lysaker, Offi ce: Strandveien 20, 1326 Lysaker, Norway Tel: +47 67 58 45 50, Fax: +47 67 58 45 70, Internet: www.barwilunitor.com Price: USD 25.00
    104. Id no. 811002 Rev: 03, Printer: Pozkal/ Brdr. Fossum, 10 k. 08.07. Country of origin NO. All reasonable care has been taken in compiling the information in this document. All recommendations and sugges- tions on the use of Unitor products are made without guarantee since the conditions of use are beyond the control of the Company. It is the customer's responsibility to ensure that each product is fit for its intended purpose and that the actual conditions of use are suitable. This book and any advice is provided by Barwil Unitor accordingly on terms that no liability (including liability for negligence) will attach to the Company or its servants or agents arising out of or in connection with or in relation to this brochure or any such advice. Any goods supplied by the Company will be supplied solely upon its standard conditions of sale, copies of which are available on request. The Company's policy of continuous product development renders specifica- tions liable to modification. Information provided in this book is therefore subject to change without prior notification.
    580 California St., Suite 400
    San Francisco, CA, 94104
    © 2025 Academia. All rights reserved