Theoretical Psychology

The aim of this paper is to present the project of cultural psychology formulated by Florian Znaniecki, a Polish philosopher, sociologist and pioneer of social psychology. His view of cultural psychology was connected with the concept of social psychology and was founded on the assumption of culturalism and the theory of cultural actions. Znaniecki’s cultural psychology represents the antipositivistic turning in the social sciences and the humanities and is opposite to the naturalistically oriented psychology. His proposition is also an attempt to go beyond the individualistic or antiindividualistic perspective in the cultural psychology.

Why do individuals sometimes fail to act, even when they understand the task, care about the outcome, and have the ability to perform? Traditional psychological models explain motivational and cognitive precursors but lack a formal account of the internal system conditions required for action to begin. Cognitive Thermostat Theory (CTT) addresses this structural gap by modeling the Ignition Domain of Cognitive Drive Architecture (CDA) as a closed-loop control system composed of six interacting variables.

CTT defines Drive as the regulated output of these components:

• Primode (ignition threshold),
• CAP (volitional gain signal),
• Grain (internal resistance),
• Flexion (task–mind fit or adaptability),
• Anchory (attentional stabilization),
• and Slip (noise-induced variability).

These variables interact within the following equation:
Drive=((Primode^CAP × Flexion)/(Anchory + Grain))+Slip

Slip functions outside the core loop, introducing moment-to-moment variance without altering Drive magnitude.

This framework transforms Drive initiation from a descriptive psychological idea into a computable ignition model. CTT enables structural prediction of common failure modes—such as task paralysis under pressure or premature dropout during complex work. As a formal ignition engine nested within CDA, it supports testable applications in adaptive learning systems, cognitive diagnostics, and real-time effort modeling.

The field of educational psychology developed into a salient subspecialty of psychology between 1890 and 1920. Gender bias during the early years of psychology and educational psychology was well known and documented. At the beginning of the 21st century, Division 15 (Educational Psychology) of the American Psychological Association and the International Reading Association published histories of or related to educational psychology. These early 21st century histories continued to underrepresent women's contributions in psychology and education. The purpose of this article is to describe the continued marginalization and neglect in reporting historical contributions of women in educational psychology since 2000. Suggestions are provided for ways educational psychology can correct this injustice.

Identity Collapse Therapy (ICT) is not an extension of traditional therapy-it is the structural replacement. Rooted in neuroscience, predictive processing theory, and post-cognitive architecture, ICT marks a scientific turning point in how identity is understood, dismantled, and restructured. This paper outlines the core mechanisms by which ICT supersedes psychological integration models, and introduces a new era of clinical, non-therapeutic identity transformation.

Su oltre 150.000 architetti in Italia, solo un terzo fa davvero il progettista. Nonostante ciò, l'Italia è il Paese europeo con il più alto numero di architetti in attività: 1 ogni 400 abitanti, tre volte la media del continente. Peraltro, gran parte del loro lavoro può essere svolto (caso unico al mondo) da ben altre due categorie professionali, geometri e ingegneri, che insieme costruiscono oltre sei volte quello che fanno gli architetti: è chiaro, quindi, che il mercato è, come dire, limitato. Tra i (fortunati) occupati, circa due terzi vanta crediti con qualcuno, e forse per questo il reddito degli architetti è circa il 15% per cento più basso della media italiana e al 19° posto (su 27) in Europa (Osservatorio Professione Architetto, 2015).

In this contribution I diagnose the current state of historiography, via analysis of thematic and methodological approaches, as well as some recent debates. The paper reveals an attempt by a group of historians to establish a poorly defined "new" and "critical" history as the only correct historiography, rejecting other kinds of historical research. Furthermore, the notorious historiographic debates which took place between 2013 and 2017 reflect underlying tensions and a climate of intolerance within the field. In contrast to reductionist unilateralism, a great variety of approaches, themes and methodologies can be found in recent publications, a trend that is, at least partially, due to the "spatial turn". Rather than trying to determine who is right or advocating a particular direction, the aim of this text is to spark a more constructive dialogue about historiography and a reflection on how to address diversity.

This article examines the background, implications and merit of the position of epiphenomenalism. Most of all, the authors systematically present an analytical argument against epiphenomenalism, the argument from the justification of the assertion of the existence of consciousness. It is shown that whereas epiphenomenalists claim to know that consciousness exists, they implicitly deny the possibility of knowing consciousness, since (according to their position) consciousness cannot have any influence on our knowledge. Similarly, the authors examine and reject the position of parallellism. Parallellism implicitly states it knows of the existence of an unknowable physical world. Consequences are mentioned for philosophy and empirical science. Introduction In this article we ask ourselves whether epiphenomenalism is a tenable position. Epiphenomenalism is the thesis that the mind or consciousness in the Cartesian sense of subjective experience (which comprises both perception and thoug...

Ο Δρ. Κόσουκε Φουκούντα, ελληνιστής, ειδικός ερευνητής και διδάσκων στα πανεπιστήμια του Κιότο και της Οσάκα, μελετητής και μεταφραστής του Νίκου Καζαντζάκη, επέλεξε να μεταφράσει στην ιαπωνική γλώσσα σε μορφή χαϊκού το ποιητικό βιβλίο της Αναστασίας Ν. Μαργέτη, «Πλάτων Ψυχή και (π)οίηση. Διαλεκτική των αντιθέτων» (πενήντα επτά επιγράμματα). Στο επίμετρο του νέου, δίγλωσσου βιβλίου, (εκδ. Kyoryoku-sha, 2024), αιτιολογεί τους λόγους για τους οποίους επέλεξε τη συλλογή, καθώς και τις μεταφραστικές επιλογές του. Το κείμενό του δημοσιεύτηκε στο ηλ. λογοτεχνικό περιοδικό Fractal στις 18-02-2025 και είναι διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.fractalart.gr/platon-psychi-kai-poihsi/

Why do capable, intelligent individuals, even when deeply motivated, stall at the threshold of action? Why does effort fail not from lack of desire, but from something deeper, often invisible? Psychology has mapped attention, modeled emotion, and described motivation. But it has not yet defined the internal structure that makes effort possible. Or not.

This paper introduces Lagunian Dynamics, a first-principles theory of cognitive Drive based not on metaphor or external reward, but on internal mechanics. At its center is Lagun’s Law of Primode and Flexion Dynamics, a formal equation that models Drive as the interaction of six forces: Primode (ignition), CAP (activation voltage), Flexion (mental adaptability), Anchory (focus tether), Grain (resistance), and Slip (entropy). These variables function within three core domains of effort: Ignition, Tension, and Flux. Together they determine whether performance begins, holds, or breaks apart.

Patterns like procrastination, burnout, and inconsistency are reframed here as structural states. Not motivational failures. Not traits. But measurable misalignments within the system of Drive. The paper defines the variables, derives key corollaries, explains familiar failure modes, and outlines early experimental pathways toward empirical validation.

This work establishes a new psychological field: Cognitive Drive Architecture. A framework for understanding not just how the mind acts, but how it structurally fails to act. It offers a system we can model, test, and eventually design for.

Se presenta un contexto teórico y metodológico para una propuesta de instrucción de sistemas psicológicos a partir de parámetros de análisis meta-teórico y de modelos metacientíficos concretos, con el objeto de resituar los cursos de sistemas psicológicos y sus ejercicios intelectuales y procedimentales en el subsistema de la epistemología de la psicología. En primer lugar, se caracteriza el lugar de los sistemas en el desarrollo de la psicología. En segundo lugar, se describen discusiones a nivel internacional, regional y local acerca de la sistematología como contenido curricular en la formación de psicólogos. En tercer lugar, se describe el campo de los estudios de la theoretical psychology anglosajona, donde el estudio comparado de los sistemas psicológicos es una parte central. En tal contexto programático, la sistematología, lejos de ser el ejercicio enunciativo de los conceptos de los diversos sistemas psicológicos, constituye una disciplina metateórica del nivel empírico de ...

The authors would like to express their thanks to the members of the Steering Committee, Professor Ian O'Connor, Professor Nigel Bond, and Professor John O'Gorman and to Dr Elizabeth McDonald for the guidance and council provided during the two years of the project's tenure.

Nell’insegnamento morale della Sacra Scrittura, troviamo tutte queste
realtà, antiche e nuove, in un equilibrio d’insieme. Tutto il contenuto sal-
vifico che i Comandamenti ci mostrano nell’Antico Testamento viene su-
blimato dal Nuovo, non cancellato. La legge nuova, la legge dello Spirito
Santo porta a vivere i Comandamenti in Cristo, cioè, sublimati, aldilà del-
la formulazione negativa dei precetti. Lo Spirito Santo in questo modo ci
mostra che i Comandamenti hanno il grande compito di custodire le virtù,
che vanno oltre la formulazione negativa del semplice precetto.
Il «non uccidere, non commettere adulterio, non rubare, non testimo-
niare il falso, onora tuo padre e tua madre», sono sublimati da Gesù e visti
adesso in una formulazione positiva: «Ama il prossimo tuo come te stesso»
(Mt 19,16-19)103. Tutto è portato da Cristo verso l’amore di Dio, e in questa
armonia tutti gli elementi costruiscono il soggetto cristiano.

Clinicians and researchers often use the term "primitive" in reference to emotions and mental states. The widespread use of this term in literature, not only from psychoanalytic tradition, and in professional practice, forces it to explain its meaning. From a cultural psychological background, sensitive to psychoanalytical literature, six possible meanings of the term will therefore be proposed. The aim is to mobilize the self-reflection capacity of the clinician and the educator, so that the relationship does not freeze in the polarity of nature-culture. Finally, it is hypothesized that this term, when referring to the basic needs of some categories of patients, makes space for the ethics and the responsibility, both entirely human, of psychological intervention.

This book provides a systematic presentation of some of the most relevant contemporary major theories of human cognition. The theories are analyzed in terms of their origins, central idea, central theoretical elements, empirical evidence and major criticism. This analysis shows the advantages and disadvantages in each theoretical system, thus providing reasonable means for evaluating and comparing these proposals. The discussions are often supported by empirical research, mainly from fields such as cognitive science, cognitive neuroscience and artificial intelligence, and they are combined with rigorous theoretical and argument analysis. The content, therefore, can be helpful for many contemporary central debates concerning the topic of human cognition.

Psychology has traditionally emphasized social constructivism focusing on
environmental and cultural influences while neglecting Darwinian explanations of the human
mind and behaviour. This paper proposes a theoretical framework with the aim of synthesizing
Evolutionary Psychology with Conventional Psychology in an attempt to bridge the gap between
the two.
The framework operates at three levels of analysis: the ultimate level, which addresses
species-typical behaviors such as universality of love, sex differences, and an innate sense of
morality. The Broad level incorporates sociocultural theories in addition to a Darwinian lens to
explain cultural variations. The specific level involves the explanation of individual behavior as
analyzed using evolutionary, cultural, and personal environmental factors. This is the level at
which the synthesis becomes the most evident as all the prevailing schools of thought: cognitive,
sociocultural, behavioral, etc are reorganized within a Darwinian scientific ontology.
This paper employs a conceptual synthesis of existing literature from psychology,
biology, and social sciences to demonstrate the compatibility between evolutionary psychology
and social constructivism, offering a unified model for understanding human behavior.
The implications of such a framework are that psychologists can adopt a more
comprehensive approach, providing a unified picture of the psychological world with each level
providing a unique insight regarding the nature of reality. For instance, questions of why certain
foods are addictive can be answered more elaboratively rather than relying on just a gene-based or advertisement-based explanation. Altogether the 3-level framework combines elements of
evolutionary thinking and cultural conditioning in an attempt to produce something novel.
Keywords: Evolutionary Psychology, Conventional Psychology, Social Constructivism

CHAPTER FOUR Beyond the philosophy of the (unconscious) mind: the Freudian cornerstone as scientific theory, a cult, and a way of talking Vesa Talvitie CHAPTER FIVE Unconscious knowing: psychoanalytic evidence in support of a radical epistemic view Linda A. W. Brakel CHAPTER SIX In defence of unconscious mentality Simon Boag REFERENCES INDEX

In psychoanalysis, it is commonly thought that ideas (desires, fears, etc.) may be repressed, and that they can be made conscious. In this article, we shall apply cognitive viewpoints and assert that ideas do not exist in the unconscious as ‘ready made’, and thus repressed ideas cannot be ‘brought’ into consciousness. We suggest that the contents of consciousness are formed by processes on four levels: (1) unconscious brain processes, (2) the level of consciousness, (3) the level of self‐consciousness, and (4) the level of narrative self‐consciousness. From this point of view, the absence (or repression) of certain contents appears to be due to the missing of processes on Levels 1 – 4. Consequently, repressed contents appear in consciousness when appropriate processes take place. When studied in terms of our four‐level model, repression may be treated as part of the study of the self. By applying the viewpoint of the self to the phenomenon of repression, the danger of the homunculus...

The seclusion and contraction of subjects in their individualities makes possible their reduction to objects of power apparatuses—of the State, Patriarchy, Capital, and the so-called objective human sciences, including psychology. Nothing is easier than objectifying an individualised, deactivated, and weakened subject who has been plunged into impotence and immobility. It seems that Christianity and capitalist modernity first neutralised subjects, turning them into harmless, isolated individuals, and later objectified them, transmuting them into objects of political, economic, and ideological- scientific systems with psychological devices. The paradox is that psychology developed to support paralysed and powerless individuals, already objectified and neutralised as subjects, in dealing with their emotional, intellectual, or emotional problems. Although such problems are fundamentally political, cultural, or socioeconomic in origin, it is individuals who must take responsibility for them and alleviate them in apolitical ways in their private individual spheres. This depoliticization and privatisation of depression, stress, and anxiety is correlated with the privatisation of all other aspects of our lives in neoliberal capitalist societies. Finally, the possibility is considered that psychology is transformed so radically that it reverses the psychologising process that engenders it: the process of individualisation, contraction, objectification, and depoliticisation of subjectivity.

Los textos de introducción a la Psicología no suelen ofrecer una articulación teórica de la materia. Se limitan a yuxtaponer los temas relevantes de la disciplina, normalmente yendo de lo más biológico a lo más cultural, lo que dificulta la comprensión de la psicología a los estudiantes. En la primera parte de este artículo proponemos un modelo general para articular pedagógicamente esos contenidos introductorios. Ese Modelo plantea que todo comportamiento puede ser leído psicológicamente como un "Bucle de Comportamiento Adaptativo" (ABeL por sus siglas en inglés, Adaptive Behavior Loop). El bucle opera en dos pasos. El primero es un proceso de evaluación emocional que identifica lo que se necesita en la situación en que se encuentra la persona. El segundo es un proceso de toma de decisión acerca de qué conducta emitir para tratar de cubrir esa necesidad. Para generar ese Bucle, la mente ha de manejar tres tipos de información: la Cognición (dónde estoy) la Motivación (qué quiero) y la Equipación (qué recursos tengo), y combinarlos en una acción viable. Estos bucles de interacción con el entorno se pueden anidar, y se producen a tres niveles distintos: el Físico-Biológico, el Abstracto-Social y el Consciente-Cultural, de los que solo el último resulta accesible a la conciencia fenoménica de la persona. En la segunda parte de este trabajo se propone una estrategia de enseñanza de la Psicología basada en el Modelo. Se propone una metáfora, la del funcionamiento de una empresa (La Empresa Yo S.A.), para describir los fenómenos psicológicos, cuyo plano consciente sería el CEO (siglas en inglés de Chief Executive Officer, Director Ejecutivo) de la empresa, el plano abstracto-social serían los Ejecutivos y el plano físico-biológico los Trabajadores. Finalmente se propone una reorganización pedagógica de los contenidos de los programas de Introducción a la Psicología.

The history of the discussion on justice thesis is long and long. Eastern and Western philosophers have tried to find a widely accepted, universal, eternal and absolute view of justice and apply it as a universal moral law, but they have not reached a general consensus. In the 1960s, a group of English and American scholars began to study Marx's view of justice. The questions focused on whether Marx had a view of justice, how Marx viewed capitalism, and whether Marx thought capitalism was just or unjust. According to the discussion in the academic circle and our research on the justice view of Marx's original works, we finally find a reasonable understanding of the Marxist view of justice, and then use Marx's view of justice to investigate the real world.

Marx's humanism theory is one the most important components of his philosophy system． On the one hand，it
had inherited Feuerbach's“humanistic materialism”，on the other hand，it had also criticized Feuerbach's idealism tendency in his conception of history． Marx's humanism theory is based on the concept of“human society”or“the socialized human”，which has connotations of three different levels: taking criticism as the fundamental method，thus constructing the
realistic humanism theory rooted in the reality of human society; taking transcendence as the main purpose and giving priority to the people in social relations and their alienation in labor; taking practicality as the basic feature，thus endowing the
realistic humanism theory with a purpose of changing the world． These three parts jointly constitute the basic connotation of
Marx's humanism theory and reflect that Marx's humanism theory conforms to the law and purpose of human history．

This study is titled 'L'incidence de la transhumance dans les hauts plateaux d'Uvira et de Fizi en République Démocratique du Congo.' It aimed at analyzing intercultural conflicts dynamics in the highlands of Uvira and Fizi and how they are affected by transhumance. The study adopted a mixed method approach, combining the use of a questionnaire and an interview guide. Data were collected from 150 informants identified through snowball sampling. The study was conducted in light of positive and negative theories of conflict. The triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data reveals that the communities living the highlands of Uvira and Fizi live tensed relationships. Similarly, our field surveys reveal that while transhumance facilitates cultural and economic exchanges in the highlands of Uvira and Fizi, it also promotes a resurgence of violence due to intercultural tensions.

3D contents could cause unique 3D visual fatigue. Screen disparity, image blurring, and crosstalk are known to be the three major factors responsible for the fatigue. Among these, screen disparity and image blurring are content factors, that is, one can directly manipulate contents themselves to handle visual fatigue caused by these two factors. On the other hand, because crosstalk is closely tied to physical characteristics of 3D display, it is difficult or even impossible to reduce crosstalk-driven visual fatigue unless one replaces 3D display itself (for example, from active to passive display). However, the effects of crosstalk on 3D visual fatigue depends on visual stimulus features (that is, contents), and thus it is possible to manipulate stimulus features in order to handle visual fatigue caused by crosstalk. Hence, this research tested the effects of visual stimulus features on crosstalk (which then causes 3D visual fatigue). Using relative depth discrimination task, we tested the effects of stimulus-background contrast, background texture density, and screen disparity on the degree of perceived crosstalk. The results showed that crosstalk decreases with presence of background texture and with less degree of screen disparity.

中文摘要：极权主义问题是二十世纪政治哲学的核心问题。在伯林的思想脉络中，二十世纪极权主义的思想根源是一元主义和积极自由。从一元主义的角度而言，经验问题和规范问题构成了哲学一元主义的理论基础，哲学一元主义则衍生了政治一元主义，而政治一元主义乌托邦为二十世纪的极权主义实践准备了完美无缺的理想图景。从积极自由的角度而言，积极自由可以分为原初的积极自由和扭曲的积极自由，扭曲的积极自由又可分为个体积极自由和集体积极自由，而集体积极自由为二十世纪的极权主义实践奠定了貌似合理的正当性基础。因此，二十世纪的极权主义是政治一元主义和集体积极自由共同作用的结果。

There is a gradually spreading servitization trend that is forcing industrial manufacturing companies acting in the global market to rethink their business. Manufacturing companies that were traditionally perceived as product-centered, are today increasingly influenced by a service-oriented theory, which claims that manufacturing companies are driven to shift their business focus towards a strategy where customer-perceived value is in the spotlight, and where products are bundled with services to offer Product-Service Systems (PSS). The need to integrate several knowledge domains (i.e. product development, service development, recycling, etc.) means that industry companies need to move “downstream” knowledge from the entire lifecycle into the early phases of the PSS design process where critical decisions are made. At the same time, this raises the awareness of, and requirements for, methods and tools that support cross-disciplinary team collaboration in the process of designing these PSS solutions. Value co-creation is one strategy to address customer collaboration to develop PSS in a framework that allows different stakeholders to participate in defining design concepts and finding the optimal combination of hardware and service that supplies the desired value. Value co-creation strategy and global collaborative innovation are essential for manufacturing companies to explore new ways of designing PSS. The thesis summarizes the research performed by the author, as an industrial Ph.D. student and director for system innovation at BIGmind Innovation. This thesis aims to study and explore the motivation for, and challenges of, working with value co-creation for PSS design by global manufacturing companies. Firstly, the empirical research determined that there are different challenges that global manufacturing companies and product development face when designing PSS. The work involves exploring value co-creation via a customer collaborative design platform and experience prototyping for product-service system design. The research shows that there is a lack of knowledge about guidelines and processes for collaboration in value co-creation. The research emphasizes that the PSS design methodologies of today neglect to specify the roles and responsibilities of the actors who co-create PSS offerings, and there is a lack of understanding of the entire process and how it is implemented in industrial practice when developing solutions. Conclusions from this work suggest that government policies can make a fast and major impact on the demand for innovations and PSS development. Additionally, a value co-creation approach promotes large-scale user participation in the early phase of PSS design. To enhance stakeholder participation and gather feedback, experiential prototypes were utilized during the conceptual design phase of the PSS design. To support further development in the area of value co-creation, the Future Innovation Framework (FIF) is proposed as a mechanism to facilitate the adoption and use of value co-creation of PSS design. This thesis discusses the implications, opportunities, and challenges of the FIF for industrial PSS design. The thesis concludes with a discussion on the possibility of using value co-creation for PSS design in different industry domains in the future.

Eleştirel psikoloji(ler), coğrafyalara özgü farklı gelişimler göstermiştir. Bütünlüklü bir eleştirel psikolojik perspektifin olduğu akademik-entelektüel bir coğrafya olmasa da, Türkiye’de, özellikle 2000’li yılların başından itibaren dikkate değer gelişmeler gözlenmektedir. Bu yazıdaki amaç, bu eleştirel psikolojik iddia, yönelim ve arayışları değerlendirmektir. Bu amaçla, ilk bölüm, psikolojinin sorunlu bir bilim olduğu saptaması ve meta-teorik bir yaklaşıma olan ihtiyaçla psikoloji eleştirisine ayrıldı ve ontolojik, epistemolojik/metodolojik ve etik-politik açılardan temellendirmelerde ‘eleştirel teoriye’ başvuruldu. İkinci bölümde, eleştirel yönelimli psikolojilere yönelik bir sınıflandırılma yapıldı. 5 güzergâh ve 12 hat ile, psikoloji eleştirisinin içeriği ve eleştirellik hedefi boyutları öncelenerek çalışma örnekleri sunuldu. Üçüncü bölümde ise, önceki bir sınıflandırma ile karşılaştırmalı kritiklere ve mevcut sınıflandırmaya ilişkin bazı değerlendirmelere yer verildi. Buna göre, psikolojinin aktüel krizi, sosyo-politik ethosun beraberinde getirdiği engel ve zorluklar özel olarak tartışıldı. Güncel gelişmelere dair geniş hacimde kritikler içererek psikoloji eleştirisi ve ötesine alan açan bu çalışma, eleştirel yönelimli psikolojilerin çeşitli imkânlar sunduğunu göstermektedir. Eğer amaç, anaakım kabul ve pratikleri değiştirmek ve eleştirel/muhalif/radikal bir psikolojiyi yaşanabilir bir dünya ve toplumsal özgürleşme aracı kılmaksa, psikoloji eleştirisini daha güçlü biçimde temellendirmeye çalışmak ve psikoloji eleştirisinden eleştirel psikolojiye seyreden yaklaşımları desteklemek önemlidir. ///// Critical psychology has shown diverse developments specific to different geographical contexts. Although Turkey lacks an academic-intellectual geography characterized by a cohesive critical psychological perspective, notable developments have been observed, particularly since the early 2000s. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the critical psychological claims, orientations, and pursuits. To achieve this, the first section is devoted to the critique of psychology as a problematic science and the need for a meta-theoretical approach, drawing on ‘critical theory’ as a foundation from ontological, epistemological/methodological, and ethical-political dimensions. The second section provides a classification of critically oriented psychologies in Turkey. Five critical pathways and twelve strands of critically oriented psychologies are examined with examples of studies, prioritizing the content of psychology critique and dimensions of criticality. The third section presents comparative critiques of a previous classification and provides evaluations on certain aspects of the existing classification. Based on these evaluations, the current crisis in psychology and the obstacles and challenges posed by the socio-political ethos are discussed in detail. This study extensively critiques contemporary developments, highlighting the various possibilities offered by critically oriented psychologies. If the aim is to change the mainstream assumptions and practices and establish a critical/oppositional/radical psychology as a means for a liveable world and social emancipation, it is important to strive to strengthen the foundations of psychology critique and support approaches that have transitioned from psychology critique to critical psychology.

Kripke and some others take its origin as individual essence, which faces theoretical objections in many perspectives. Such a phenomenon could be regarded as a severe obstacle to Aristotelism in contemporary metaphysical studies. As a matter of fact, individual essence is no other than the criterion of primary substance in the Aristotelian sense. An elaborate interpretation of Categories and Metaphysics shows that substantial form is the criterion of primary substance, merely with matter as one of its constituents. The necessity of origin thesis realizes that matter has important status in living individual essence, but exaggerates its importance up to monism, ignorant of the element of structural form’s even higher proportion of weight therein. Construing origin as existence, and further attributing essence to existence is also a strategy which contradicts the classical ideas of essence and existence from the view of classical Aristotelism. According to classical Aristotelism, existence is the actualizing action of essence while essence is the principle and stipulation of the action existence. Since essence and existence are generally separated, existence cannot be listed as an element of essence. As to an organism, the criterion, which determines its qualitative identity, is the form of species, whereas the one, which determines its numerical identity, is the initial matter. The latter cannot be falsified by a counterpart theoretic argument in the sense of David Lewis. In the eyes of an Aristotelist, it would rather be the case that the initial matter determines a unique life, the form of a life is a universal species gene explored and discovered by biologists, and the form of a life actualized in the initial matter would thus be the essence of the individual to come into being later. If one insists on the Aristotelist doctrine of individual essence illustrated above, she will not derive an absurd corollary that a life could have more than one course, for such an inference is either circular or confusing different conceptions of identity, since even initial matter has its own origin.

G. Carbone, N. Felli (a cura di), "Postmoderno o ipermoderno? Naufragi e speranze dopo la modernità", «B@belonline», vol. 11, 2024.

L’immagine classica del mondo, contraddistinta da unità, bellezza e perfezione, ha subìto nell’attraversamento della modernità una completa trasfigurazione. Il mondo di oggi, tuttavia, non presenta altre ed eterogenee caratteristiche, ma quegli stessi lineamenti stravolti in un estremo rovesciamento: l’unità del mondo odierno si struttura secondo la composizione, convulsa e per nulla pacifica, del mercato globale. La sua bellezza consiste nella piena visibilità e disponibilità, conseguite attraverso il dominio tecnologico sul vivente. La sua perfezione si è frantumata in un sistema funzionalmente disarmonico in cui le forze storiche della modernità hanno trovato un’inesorabile riarticolazione.

The first issue of Journal for Person-Oriented Research (JPOR) was published in 2015, representing the first international journal specifically focused on person-oriented research. With this issue, the JPOR completes its tenth yearly volume. The status of JPOR as a truly international journal is reflected in the number of published articles from different countries. The number of submissions to JPOR has been steadily increasing, as has also its CiteScore as measured by Scopus. A call is made for papers on the application of non-linear dynamic system modelling.

This article is part of a special issue in the Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science devoted to process-based therapy (PBT) or a process-based approach to therapy and the role it plays in harmonizing existing evidencebased treatments. In the present discussion, we focus on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and how it fits into the PBT framework. We describe how viewing ACT through a PBT framework and its organizing rubric—the extended evolutionary meta-model (EEMM)—provides fertile ground to expand the ACT and psychological flexibility models, transforming ACT into a more inclusive and flexible version of itself and giving clinicians wider berth with respect to delivering ACT. The PBT approach allows ACT to incorporate therapeutic elements that are not traditionally part of the framework, including include cognitive reappraisal, interpersonal therapy dynamics, physiological downregulation, and the principle of nonattachment. Importantly, ACT maintains its foundational principles throughout this integration. We provide a case example of how to use PBT methods to conceptualize an ACT case, to illustrate PBT-infused ACT in practice. Finally, we outline possible future directions for ACT as it continues to evolve inside of PBT

This comment responds to Held's (2020) analyses of Indigenous and critical psychologies, not by providing line-for-line refutations of arguments, but by laying out some of the larger issues in those areas of research and practice. The argument clarifies assumptions and misunderstandings by looking at the relationship between critical and Indigenous psychologies, power and violence, objectivity, and the regulative role of prepositions. It is hoped that a clearer and broader understanding of those psychologies can emerge.