Towards an Understanding of 'the Intensite of Place': A Methodological Argument

Jutaku Sogo Kenkyu Zaidan kenkyu nenpo, 1999

Casele Research Bulletin, 2008

The Annual review of sociology, 2013

Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, 2012

Although many definitions of services have been proposed in Service Science and Service Engineering, essentialities of the notion of "service" remain unclear. Especially, some existing definitions of service are similar to the definition of function of artifacts, and there is no clear distinction between them. Thus, aiming at an ontological conceptualization of service, we have made an ontological investigation into the distinction between service and artifact function. In this article, we reveal essential properties of service and propose a model and a definition of service. Firstly, we extract 42 properties of service from 15 articles in different disciplines in order to find out fundamental concepts of service. Then we show that the notion of function shares the extracted foundational concepts of service and thus point out the necessity of the distinction between them. Secondly, we propose a multi-layered model of services, which is based on the conceptualization of goal-oriented effects at the base-level and at the upper-level. Thirdly, based on the model, we clarify essential properties of service which can distinguish artifact function. The conceptualization of upper-effects (upper-service) enables us to show that upper-services include various effects such as sales and manufacturing. Lastly, we propose a definition of the notion of service based on the essential properties and show its validity using some examples.

Machikaneyama Ronso: Cultural Dynamics, 2019

1994

Eizō Jōhō Media Gakkaishi, 2013

2017

1995

Synthese Library, 2019

Explanation of human and social phenomena is often formulated using unobservable constructs, otherwise known as latent constructs. In this context, latent constructs are broadly understood as latent characteristics. Formally, latent constructs are interpreted as latent variables that influence the behavior of observed variables (items). Latent constructs are identified through measurement instruments, which are tested in specific samples using measurement models, representing the relationship between the latent variable and the items. Depending on the methodological guidelines that are followed during the development of measurement instruments, these measurement models will be tested using factor analytic techniques such as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Historically, these techniques have been surrounded by various controversies and have generated their share of confusion. This chapter explores the conceptual and philosophical issues related to scale development in h...