Urban Geography

La Chaire Unesco Alimentations du monde décloisonne les savoirs sur l'alimentation. La série So What? vise à traduire des résultats de recherche en conclusions lisibles pour l'action. www.chaireunesco-adm.com Avec le soutien de Les collectivités territoriales peuvent cartographier les commerces alimentaires avec un outil simple.

As remocoes de familias pobres residentes em assentamentos precarios provocam impactos a essas familias e sao recorrentes em projetos de urbanizacao de favelas. Essa pesquisa buscou analisar os impactos socioeconomicos em familias removidas para o Residencial Antonio Vinagre pelo Programa de Saneamento da Bacia da Estrada Nova (PROMABEN), em Belem (Brasil) a partir de levantamento bibliografico, documental e de campo nos anos de 2013 a 2017, com aplicacao de formularios, entrevistas e analise de dissertacoes e teses sobre o tema. Identificaram-se aspectos positivos e negativos na nova residencia e se evidenciou como principais impactos socioeconomicos aos moradores o aumento do custo de vida, da violencia no local, empobrecimento, e desarticulacao das estrategias de sobrevivencia das familias, revelando que as politicas urbanas podem contribuir na diminuicao do acesso aos direitos sociais.

Aim: To evaluate the risk-return performance of residential property investment between 2001 and 2021 in Lagos, Nigeria. Study Design: Quantitative Survey research. Place and Duration of Study: Eti-osa and Somolu LGA, Lagos State, 2022. Methodology: Survey with structured questionnaire collected primary data on non-owner-occupied residential property investments in Somolu and Eti-Osa, Lagos, Nigeria. Estate surveying and valuation firm provided the data. Analysis used descriptive statistics (charts, tables, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation) and trend analysis over 20 years (2001-2021) to assess risk-return performance. This included rental index, rental growth rate, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. Results: In Eti-Osa, duplexes had a high expected return of 54.04% with a risk of 18.58. Bungalows and flats had lower returns of 44.61% and 41.8% with risks of 16.38 and 15.39, respectively. Duplexes performed best with a coefficient of variation of 0.34,...

تتناول هذه الدراسة قضية حضرية تؤثر بشكل سلبي على البيئة الحضرية للمدن وهي إهمال الساحات والمناطق
المفتوحة في التجمعات السككنية حي أن السكاحات والمناطق المفتوحة تعتبر الرئة للمدن بصكفة عامة وللمناطق
والتجمعات السككنية ياعكة وهي عنصكر م عناعكر ابسكتدامة أ ضكا وال ي لها دور بير في عملية التصكمي
الحضكري المسكتدام ما أم ا تسكاه في تلبية احتيا ات سككان هذه التجمعات وتوفير مي يدما وم هنا
تكم أهمية هذه الدراسكة وال ي تسكلن الضكوت على أهمية المناطق المفتوحة وال ي تلعبه في الوعكول الى بيئة
حضكرية مسكتدامة وما تعكسكه على المد نة م احية أير و دف هذه الدراسكة للتعرف على مفاهي البيئة
الحضكرية المسكتدامة و يفية تحقيقها على مناقة الدراسكة وتلاثيرها على اب سكان م مي النوا ي ا تماعية
والثقكافيكة، و قكد اعتمكد البحكاه في هكذه الكدراسكة على المنهج الوعكفح والمنهج التحليلي لمناقكة عمكارات الهلال
بمد نة ترهو ة للوعكول إلى تائك م الممك أن تعاح اطهمية المالوطة للمناطق المفتوحة ومعرفة العوامل ال ي
تساه في تحقيق بيئة حضرية مستدامة,

This dissertation investigates the motives and meaning-making practices of "urban explorers". It does so by analysing, as a case study, the motives and actions of a community of urban explorers who systematically trace and visit former Royal Observer Corps nuclear monitoring bunkers, of which there are some 1,600 across the UK. Through this case study approach I seek to excavate the motivations of practitioners of this branch of urban exploration, something that I style "bunkerology". The manner of my analysis is interpretive, hermeneutic and ethnographic in orientation. The study comprises: a review of academic and published participant commentary upon urban exploration and bunkerology and the application of theoretical insight from cultural studies, social theory, tourism studies and aesthetics drawing in particular upon Fish (1980),

INTRODUÇÃO A análise, a gestão e o planejamento urbano críticos constituem um ambiente de discussão ainda muito pouco unificado. Aquilo que deveria funcionar como um conjunto de vasos comunicantes, ou como um sistema dinâmico de trocas de informação entre profissionais com experiências menos ou mais específicas de atuação, ainda é, em larga medida, na realidade, uma coleção de "nichos" bastante autocentrados. Os intelectuais e "planejadores alternativos" que, desde a década de 1980, municiaram tecnicamente e impulsionaram, ao lado de entidades associativas da sociedade civil, o debate e a construção do ideário da reforma urbana, concentraram excessivamente os seus esforços (principalmente na década de 1990) na discussão de instrumentos de planejamento ("solo criado", zoneamentos etc.), negligenciando a análise da dinâmica da própria sociedade civil (por exemplo, a crise do ativismo de bairro em quase todas as cidades, ainda na década de 1980, e, mais tarde, a expansão e os impactos do tráfico de drogas de varejo -duas coisas que viriam a se mostrar empecilhos para a implementação da tão almejada "participação popular" no planejamento). Mais ainda: muito embora Porto Alegre já viesse, desde 1989, edificando com brilho a sua experiência de orçamento participativo (ao que se seguiram várias outras, não tão brilhantes), o assunto dos orçamentos participativos foi, até recentemente, solenemente ignorado, teórica e, mesmo, via de regra, empiricamente, pelos intelectuais ligados à construção do ideário da reforma urbana. Os que refletiam sobre as experiências de orçamento participativo em curso, por sua vez, pagavam na mesma moeda. Planos diretores, "novos"/velhos instrumentos de planejamento, Estatuto da Cidade e outros temas que tais não faziam parte do elenco de interesses imediatos e visíveis (e, quiçá, em muitos casos, nem mediatos) dos que se debruçavam sobre o orçamento participativo da capital gaúcha e de outros municípios. Trabalhos foram sendo elaborados, ao longo da década de 1990, especialmente sob inspiração da experiência de Porto Alegre, mas os autores (sociólogos e cientistas políticos, além de alguns administradores municipais) não eram os mesmos que pensavam e escreviam sobre a reforma urbana e os chamados "novos instrumentos" de planejamento urbano. Por fim, ambos os grupos -de intelectuais da reforma urbana e de estudiosos de orçamentos participativos -não acompanharam, ou, pelo menos, não estabeleceram conexões visíveis, entre as suas preocupações e as análises que, desde meados dos anos 1990, vêm se multiplicando no Brasil, a propósito da chamada "economia popular", ou seja, dos circuitos econômicos alternativos que se desenvolvem nas bordas do sistema capitalista e que, em

In the context of contemporary capitalism, emancipative social movements must resist intimidation not only through official repression by the state apparatus (through police's brutality and sometimes through military interventions); the illegal, criminal side of capitalism also threatens emancipative struggle. Within this framework, the real and potential role of the 'hyperprecariat' (i.e., the workers who depend on-and often were expelled to-the informal sector in semi-peripheral countries, and who work and live under very vulnerable conditions) is a key one. Criminal attempts to co-opt, to silence, to neutralize the social force of emancipative social movements have been already a daily experience in several cities and countries. The main trouble for emancipative urban movements is that the 'enemies' they have to face inside segregated spaces, and who belong to the 'hyperprecariat', do not seem to be-strictly in terms of social class-'enemies' at all. 'Micro-level warlords' such as drug traffickers operating in the sphere of retail sales recruit their 'soldiers' (and are themselves recruited) among poor, young people in the shanty towns. Nevertheless, these armed young people frequently intimidate and repress urban activists. Considering this problem, emancipative social movements have to learn to be a countervailing power not only regarding the state apparatus and the legal side of capitalist economy, but also in relation to ordinary criminal forces-which are usually totally adapted to capitalist values, 'logic' and patterns of behaviour. The aim of this paper is to discuss the 'new' challenges for social movements in the context of what I termed a 'phobopolis' -a city whose inhabitants experience a very complex situation of diffuse violence and widespread fear -and considering the role of the 'hyperprecariat in guns'. The present paper analyses examples primarily from Brazil (Sections 1 and 2), but also from Argentina and South Africa (first part of Section 3), before elaborating the theoretical contributions (in the last part of Section 3). 'As new developments show in the so-called highly developed economies, this nomadic 'multi-activity'-until now mainly a feature of female labour in the West-is not a premodern relic but a rapidly spreading variant in the late work-societies, where attractive, highly skilled and well-paid full-time employment in on way out.' (Beck, 2000, p. 2) 3 As we can see, the European debate does raise issues that can usefully extend to a

Presidência da República (SAE/PR) Presidente do Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (Ipea) Como editores desta edição do Brasil em desenvolvimento, gostaríamos de lembrar todos aqueles que, de maneira direta ou indireta, colaboraram na obra. Os agradecimentos abrangem, portanto, o Ipea praticamente inteiro, posto que trabalho desse vulto seria muito difícil de realizar sem o apoio e a infraestrutura que a instituição disponibiliza a todos os participantes do projeto, tanto autores quanto editores. Devemos, não obstante, individualizar nossos agradecimentos, mesmo correndo o risco de algum esquecimento involuntário. Desculpamo-nos, antecipadamente, pelas possíveis omissões. Partindo para os agradecimentos diretos, gostaríamos de apontar a dedicação e o empenho do presidente Marcelo Neri. Além de seu entusiasmo, contamos também com um nível de descentralização das decisões que muito facilitou a nossa tarefa, uma vez que, acordadas as diretrizes, tivemos plena liberdade para perseguir os objetivos propostos. Esses agradecimentos se estendem ao chefe de Gabinete da Presidência, Sergei Soares, que, com a sua inteligência e pragmatismo habituais, inúmeras vezes intermediou a solução de problemas.

In central Uganda, even a casual observer would notice the widespread presentation of often identical commercial services and goodsfruit vendors, street food or motorcycle taxis, for instancein a small shared area. This article brings the dynamics of this phenomenon into view under the heuristic rubric of 'bundling', reflecting both on diverse examples from present-day Kampala and on some of the phenomenon's historical and linguistic scaffolding. We take this phenomenon seriously as an alternative form of socioeconomic exchange and growth, one that is distinct from liberal and neoliberal imaginaries of an unlimited flow of goods, people, things and services. Bundling, we argue, reflects an aesthetics in which both material value and social relationships are imagined to arise through thickenings of persons and things, assembled and ordered in spatial proximity and symmetry. The article suggests that bundling offers conceptual resources to imagine growth otherwise, as a process unfolding in ways that complicate and clog conventional economic imaginaries.

Johannesburg is the largest city of Gauteng province of South Africa characterized by dual urban structure, which leads to growth in urbanization. Employment opportunities have led to migration of skilled and unskilled workers from national frontiers and provincial borders of Gauteng. Land Use Land Cover (LULC) change analysis has been one of the conventional methods for analysing the impact of anthropogenic activities. This paper analyses patterns of LULC changes, anticipate the impervious surface growth, and green cover loss in the Johannesburg city. Changes in various LULC classes namely residential, industrial, forest, shrubs, water bodies, open areas etc. were evaluated using Landsat imagery from 2000 to 2016. Remotely sensed images were classified in to different classes by Support Vector Machine (SVM). Further, these classes were grouped into broad level classes such as vegetation (V), impervious surface and soil (S). Analysis of LULC changes showed that impervious surface ha...

El objetivo de este articulo es conocer cuales rasgos generales caracterizan las dinamicas de las familias que residen en los hogares de un grupo de estudiantes de la Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila con residencia en la Comarca Lagunera en 2015. El enfasis se centra en reflexionar el concepto del trabajo domestico para distinguir los quehaceres del hogar que atienden los integrantes de las familias y como distribuyen esa carga de manera cotidiana. El contenido del documento exhibe tres apartados que exponen algunas definiciones del trabajo domestico; la metodologia utilizada en el proyecto que avala este ejercicio de investigacion y se destacan algunos hallazgos y conclusiones. Un resultado principal sugiere que las mujeres, lease madres e hijas de las familias, continuan asumiendo la responsabilidad de atender en mayor medida las tareas domesticas aun cuando en esta decada se cuenta con la colaboracion de los varones que asumen los roles de padres o hijos.

This study aims at using quantitative indices as an improved approach to characterize, analyze and explain urban sprawling beyond the traditional spatial or cartographic mapping and monitoring method which lacks the effectiveness to analyze and explain the details of temporal, horizontal and vertical dimensions of these urban sprawling. In this study, eight (8) indices; Built-up Change Intensity Index (T i ), Built-up Dynamic Index (K i ), Built-up Rate of growth (L), Sprawling Index (S i ), Net Urban Density Index (D 1 ), Marginal Density Index (D 2 ), and Fragmentation Index (F 1 ). These indices were based on three measures of urban growth parameters; measures based on land conversion, density trends and metropolitan form. These quantitative values computed were then interpreted infer if these urban growth patterns could be regarded as sprawling as well as to check for the rate and magnitude of sprawling and thus the environmental and socio-economic implications of these for the study area. RS/GIS methods facilitated achievement of results using cartographic modeling of urban spatial growth which provided estimates used for computation of indices under review. Results revealed that Built-up Change Intensity Index (T i ) has a gradual increasing trend from 7. 8% between 1967 and 1987 to 11.88% between 2001 and 2009. On the other hand both Built-up Dynamic Index (K i ) and Rate of Growth (L) showed declining trend from 24.89 and 1.01% to 18.04 and 0.53% respectively between 1967/87 and 2001/2009. Deductions from all the indices used indicated that the growth patterns of Kaduna Metropolis cannot be significantly regarded as sprawling. Kaduna metropolis is a combination of traditional and modern city with compact built-up, even though it is surrounded with medium developments along its ribbon-like transportation routes including the Kaduna-Kachia, Kaduna-Abuja, to the south, Kaduna-Birnin Gwari and Kaduna-Zaria, to the north and along the Western-Bye pass and recently Eastern-Bye pass under construction.

Este trabalho apresenta como tema "Agricultura Urbana: ruralidades no espaço intra-urbano de Montes Claros, MG" e tem como objetivo geral conhecer o papel e a importância da agricultura urbana no interior do espaço urbano da cidade, como uma atividade dinâmica, não pertencente à lógica urbana, produzindo um espaço de interação rural-urbano específico, no contexto contemporâneo. Para tanto, foram realizadas análises bibliográfica e documental, entrevistas semiestruturadas junto aos agricultores, produção iconográfica, bem como a identificação e mapeamento das áreas ocupadas com estas atividades utilizando como suporte as Geotecnologias. Como resultado verifica-se que a agricultura urbana é uma realidade no espaço intra-urbano, ocupando espaços vazios e fundos de quintais, com atividades diversificadas gerando trabalho, emprego, renda, segurança alimentar, além de produtos para o comércio local.

A urbanização acelerada, os desafios associados à infraestrutura e os desastres naturais exigem soluções inovadoras para a gestão urbana. Na Cidade de Maputo, os factores como inundações, saneamento precário e crescimento desordenado afectam a qualidade de vida da população. A
implementação de um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) para gestão participativa permite maior envolvimento da comunidade e melhor tomada de decisão por parte das autoridades.

One of the important aspects that was undertaken in the present study is the prevalence of the nematodes with respect to season. For it to workout, the soil samples were taken from the fields of both the crops under study at the interval of a month. In case of maize, collection

This paper will discuss the lessons learned by an architect/educator and an artist/educator during the design and facilitation of a five-day collaborative workshop held in Kosice, Slovakia in April 2007. This project was initiated by IC Culture Train and the British Council and managed by KOD architects (Bratislava). The brief we were given by KOD Architects was to design and facilitate a cross-disciplinary process involving post-graduate students from the fields of design, architecture, philosophy and art. The results of the workshop would later form the basis for the design and construction of a ‘Speaker’s Corner’ in Kosice. The brief for the ‘Speaker’s Corner’ was based on the presumption that the ‘Speaker’s Corner’ in Hyde Park, London would be a valuable addition to the public realm of Kosice, Slovakia. The workshop was set up to provide ideas for the form and function of that space.

ha mostrado un crecimiento acelerado en sus dinámicas poblacional, urbana y económica desde mediados de siglo xx y se ha consolidado como el centro de las actividades comerciales, económicas y de servicios de la subregión del Oriente antioqueño. Este fenómeno plantea cuestionamientos acerca de la sostenibilidad del municipio. En esta investigación se realizó una evaluación, a través del cálculo de huella ecológica, de los límites físicos y biológicos que tiene el territorio de Rionegro para su crecimiento. Además de lo anterior, la investigación realizó una reflexión de los resultados obtenidos con grupos de interés. Esto con el fin de comunicar los resultados de la investigación, así como también de aportar a la difusión y comprensión de la perspectiva de límite del crecimiento. El resultado más importante es que Rionegro se encuentra en un claro déficit ecológico y para mantener su ritmo de consumo se requiere de más recursos de los que tiene dentro de sus fronteras. Límites del crecimiento urbano del municipio de Rionegro-Antioquia. Un análisis de la huella ecológica

With rising concerns about the future of urban living, the smart city is often proposed as a solution to various urban challenges. However, this model has sparked conflicting views with some seeing smart technology as the path to a utopian future, while others fear it will create dystopian realities. This paper moves beyond these polarized perspectives by using the Blochian philosophy of utopianism to explore a more progressive approach to urban development. By examining the single case study of Kilkenny City, the paper highlights the gap between the ideal smart city vision and the realities that arise when technological strategies are implemented, such as unjust practices of surveillance capitalism. It then discusses the potential improvements that technology can bring to urban environments. Following this critical examination of the discrepant and aspirational aspects of utopianism, the study contributes to urban research by presenting critical engagement not as the end of the conversation but as the beginning of a journey toward a better future. While it is crucial to acknowledge the dissatisfaction with current urban living, especially among marginalized communities, it is equally important to keep utopian thought in urban discussions. This approach fosters the possibility of meaningful improvements through technology.

La dialectología es una rama de la lingüística que analiza la variación geográfica y sociolingüística de las lenguas en el espacio. Ahora bien, tradicionalmente el componente espacial en la dialectología suele limitarse a la ubicación de la variación lingüística sin tener en cuenta otros aspectos geográficos que se pueden medir. Teniendo esto en cuenta, este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación realizada para determinar la existencia de una relación cuantitativa relevante entre variables lingüísticas y variables geográficas mediante el diseño de un modelo espacial; en él se incorporan datos léxicos del Atlas Lingüístico-Etnográfico de Colombia (alec), metadatos recolectados durante la expedición del atlas e información de distintos fenómenos geográficos de los territorios explorados. Entre los resultados, la evaluación explicada por el Índice de Autocorrelación Espacial sugiere que las variables aptitud agroclimática, precipitación, distancia geográfica y vías de acceso muestran la mayor dependencia espacial bivariante en relación con la distancia lingüística. El tratamiento de esta interacción dentro del modelo geográfico mixto autorregresivo de regresión espacial ratifica dicha dependencia corroborando así la relación entre la variación lingüística y los fenómenos geográficos.

Sexuality between female inmates is a poorly addressed issue in the scientific community, mainly due to the assumption of this theme as a taboo. However, same-sex relationships in confinement have been considered a coping mechanism to deal with the deprivations of reclusion, being seen as situational homosexuality, and reproducing heteronormativity. This research aimed to understand the perceptions of inmates in intimate relationships, regarding their involvement, and specifically the motivations, gender roles, dynamics and meanings of the relationships. We used a qualitative methodology, via semi-structured interviews, with fifteen female inmates of a Portuguese prison, involved in loving relationships with other female inmates. Subsequently, data were subjected to a categorical type of content analysis. The results show that only a minority of interviewees perceived their relationship as associated to situational factors or coping mechanisms. Most of them admit the possibility of maintaining their relationship after seclusion, and name love/passion and/or attraction as motivations for the relationship. Although these relationships may mirror heteronormative roles (butch and femme), the reproduction of these roles does not occur, either in the perceived power in the relationship or in sexual practices. We conclude that situational factors are not the focus of the establishment of these relationships, and that the reproduction of gender roles occurs only externally. Despite the specificities, the relationships are characterized by motivations and dynamics independent of context or sexual orientation. We hope that this study, by showing a reality without visibility and giving voice to inmates, will allow a better understanding of these relationships and their benefits and may lead to the improvement of life during imprisonment.

Comenzaremos por el final: Madrid ha perdido la posibilidad de configurar un sistema de zonas verdes integrado que incremente el valor ambiental y de uso de los espacios disponibles. Madrid no ha logrado salvaguardar una estructura coherente apoyada en los elementos de su geografía. Madrid ha perdido casi definitivamente las oportunidades para discutir y definir un modelo propio de paisaje.

Los procesos relativos a los nuevos modos de desarrollo económico y social, junto con las dinámicas urbanas más recientes, han tenido unas consecuencias segregativas en términos de distribución espacial de la renta de la población, ampliamente estudiada en grandes ciudades. No obstante, resulta menos habitual el estudio del binomio renta-segregación espacial en ciudades de tamaño medio, como es A Coruña (Galicia, España), con cerca de 245.000 habitantes, cabecera de un área urbana de influencia directa de unas 410.000 personas. La particular idiosincrasia del municipio coruñés, atravesada por una distribución desigual de la renta neta de sus hogares en la trama urbana, supone un óptimo observatorio para evaluar qué variables son clave para explicar procesos asociados de segregación espacial. Este propósito, por tanto, es el objetivo central de este capítulo.

For decades, both national and multinational economic actors have sought access to land, often leading to widespread land acquisition. In recent years, the rapid acceleration of land grabbing has raised concerns, necessitating an investigation into its causes and implications in the Benin region. This study employed both primary and secondary data, utilizing purposive sampling to select three communities within the study area, while systematic random sampling was used to select household heads. A total of 400 questionnaires were administered, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics based on a five-point Likert scale. The Friedman repeated measures method and the Kendall coefficient of concordance were applied to test and validate the study's null hypothesis. Findings indicate that land grabbing has been a persistent issue in the region for over a decade, with most respondents (99.9%) acknowledging its long-standing presence. Legislative efforts to curb land grabbing were perceived as weak, and awareness of land registration documents, particularly the Certificate of Occupancy (C of O), was notably low among respondents. The study identified rising land prices as a primary driver of land grabbing, exacerbated by speculative activities and external influences. Additionally, the implications of land grabbing were found to be significant, with respondents highlighting its hindrance to development as a major concern. The research further established that securing land ownership through Certificates of Occupancy is considered the most effective strategy to mitigate the issue. To address these challenges, the study recommends strengthening legal frameworks to protect land rights, increasing public awareness campaigns through media and billboards, and ensuring that citizens understand the importance of stability for sustainable development. Moreover, it advocates for empowering traditional institutions to utilize both customary and formal legal mechanisms to resolve land disputes through customary courts within their jurisdictions.

Tendo diversas bases de informações, como a do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) -Pesquisa de Informações Básicas Municipais (Munic) de 2015 -, do Observatório dos Consórcios Públicos e do Federalismo/Frente Nacional de Prefeitos (OCPF/FNP), do Ministério do Planejamento (MP), por meio do Sistema de Gestão de Convênios e Contratos de Repasse (Siconv) do governo federal e de outras fontes, pode-se propor uma análise de dados do total de municípios em consórcios com estados e União, por setor, região e porte municipal, levando-se em consideração sua população, bem como pelo setor de sua atuação, da participação desses setores na contratação junto à Caixa Econômica Federal (CEF) do fluxo dos recursos repassados pelo Siconv. A prevalência de municípios muito pequenos no país (71% abaixo de 20 mil habitantes e 90% abaixo de 50 mil habitantes) e a carência de estrutura pública local adequada, especialmente em regiões menos desenvolvidas, levam ao questionamento sobre a capacidade da administração municipal em prover bens e serviços públicos de forma eficaz, efetiva e eficiente. A carência de insumos locais, a demanda social diversificada e a restrição de oferta pública tornam o custo de provisão municipal muito alto. Alguns estudos procuraram demonstrar essa realidade municipal por meio de indicadores de despesa per capita,

Méri: Rogério, gostaríamos que você falasse um pouco sobre sua trajetória de vida e da relação disso com a sua própria trajetória enquanto pesquisador na área da Geografia. Rogério: Eu comecei a minha Graduação em Santa Maria, mas a vinculação com a Geografia, acho que já vem comigo desde que praticamente me conheço por gente. Desde pequeno que eu desenhava mapas do mundo inteiro e inventava estórias. Era pra mim um passatempo preencher cadernos com mapas e escrever histórias que eu inventava em relação a lugares que imaginava que um dia poderia conhecer. Quando fiz o vestibular pra Geografia, não tive a menor dúvida que era essa a carreira que queria seguir. Santa Maria, na época, tinha um curso de Geografia só de licenciatura e durante o Curso acabou abrindo também o bacharelado, fiz os dois. Logo depois que me formei, comecei a lecionar numa faculdade particular, em Santa Maria, a FIC, que agora se chama UNIFRA, e também cursos de férias da Universidade Federal. Fui para o Rio de Janeiro logo ede gaúcha no Nordeste

Primeramente a nivel institucional, quiero agradecer el patrocinio de la UCID para esta actividad; más que lo formal quiero destacar el hecho de que de repente, nos detienen a todos en nuestro tráfago cotidiano y nos hacen sentarnos, libremente, a pensar sobre un tema que merece esas reflexiones, por la importancia que él tiene en el país. Quisiera empezar con una pregunta terminal, o sea después de haber preparado la exposición, en verdad uno tiene que plantear a los estudiantes y a los profesores, en relación con el tema, ¿qué es lo que tenemos que clarificar como Universidad y como de pensamiento intelectual? A mi juicio, la línea básica que hay que clarificar hacia adelante implica tres conceptos: poder local, poder popular y planificación popular. En la medida en que nosotros profundicemos investigaciones al respecto, creo que captaremos, aprehenderemos este objeto de estudio que nos ha planteado la temática. Cuando hablamos de participación, traigo a colación una evaluación que hizo la Fundación Interamericana, que trabaja mucho en América Latina, como organismo del Congreso Norteamericano. Ella nos dice que participación se ha convertido en una palabra clave del desarrollo, de uso muy frecuente pero difícil de lograr; esa es una evaluación que nos permite la reflexión hacia adelante. Otra referencia es la de un experto del ILPES, de alguien que trabajó desde hace muchos años en sistematizar pensamientos respecto de la planificación regional. En las tres últimas líneas de un artículo reciente que él escribe, dice:

This issue of Making and Breaking seeks to map out some of the dominant psychogeographies of the present. Reworking the Situationist heritage and applying it to our time, many of the approaches presented within it extend beyond the city and the physical environment, going into the virtual dimensions of digital socialities, social media infrastructures and their affects, exploring shifting sociopolitical grounds and socio-economic factors, identifying new forces of power and potential sources of emancipation.

At a time when it has become intellectually fashionable to celebrate the looming apocalypse as post- or transhuman payback, we urgently need to reinvigorate our desire for the future. Our inkling is that approaching cultural production in psychogeographic terms might help identify what blockages are at play in constraining it to addressing what feels like only a handful of topics, in a handful of ways.

This article examines new forms of resistance to mega-events through the examples of the Summer Olympics in Beijing, 2008, the Commonwealth Games in New Delhi, 2010, and the Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, 2016. The authors argue that unlike the traditional forms of protests such as boycotts and bans, the new forms of resistance to mega-events question its rationale and legacy assumptions, and organise temporary political campaigns that create effective counter narratives. The fundamental arguments of these campaigns are evidencebased and they are executed by a broad coalition of stakeholders. By highlighting socioeconomic inequalities and exclusion that mega-events perpetrate through planning and execution, these campaigns reclaim rights of urban residents to space, identity and decision making. The future of these forms of resistance is unfolding as anti-bid campaigns and those that demand specific urban policies.

Over the last decade, many studies have focused on the demographic and functional decline occurring in several cities throughout the old industrialised countries, both in Europe and in the United States. This process, rapidly dubbed by the international scholarship ‘urban shrinkage’ (Pallagst et al., 2009), does not seem to present the same features in each country. This aspect is not clearly underlined in literature, even though some authors recognised the nuanced nature of the phenomenon (Hollander et al., 2009) . Particularly, literature does not stress sufficiently the need to collect data at an appropriate geographical scale, identifying the territorial units where the indicators must be assessed: 1) the municipal boundaries do not suit in order to evaluate the shrinking processes, because these ones have often a trans-border nature; 2) the different urban systems can respond differently to the ‘global’ solicitations, according to their economic basis, social fabric and plannin...

A popular and powerful narrative focuses on a crisis of suburban decline in the United States. However, a consensus regarding the scope and scale of one dimension of suburban decline-poverty-is hindered by the use of contradictory definitions of suburban space. This research presents an alternative approach to measuring suburban poverty that is less computationally intensive yet capable of capturing complex shifts in the spatial distribution of poverty within metropolitan areas. An analysis of the distribution of poverty in the largest 100 metropolitan areas between 1990 and 2007-11 concludes that while poverty is increasing in the low-density suburbs of a handful of large metropolitan areas, the more general trend in most other metropolitan areas is an increase in poverty in moderately dense residential areas. Implicated in these trends are long-term trends in metropolitan area economic growth, a secular decline in innerring suburbs, and the impact of gentrification on housing opportunities for at-risk populations in large cities.

Fear is an intrinsic human response to social insecurity and epitomises the perceived disparity in anticipation and engagement with the 'other'. Fear of other ethnic minority groups and their involvement or not in the city's social and labour markets can manifest spatial insecurity through territoriality, boundary definition, ghettoization and access to communal public space. The cost of land and property, the incoming wealth and the ability of a migrant or refugee to generate income (or not)? to buy or rent or live illegally' are major contributing factors in social inclusion. Many metropolitan cities are challenged and pressured by economic, political, religious, and racial class divisions. Here we argue that contested urban settlements of migrant and low-paid workers need to be studied through the matrix of social fear using new methodologies of communication that map fear and displacement within the city and public space.

Este artigo apresenta os resultados do projeto de pesquisa do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica. O objetivo principal foi analisar como se configura no espaço geográfico os subcentros comerciais e de serviços como novas centralidades que está em curso em Maceió, capital do estado de Alagoas na região nordeste do Brasil e sua relação com a estrutura urbana. O crescimento e a expansão urbana em Maceió ao longo das décadas, promoveu, igualmente uma descentralização dessas atividades e o surgimento de subcentros em outras áreas da cidade. A metodologia constou de pesquisa em órgãos públicos, pesquisa de campo e mapeamento dos subcentros. Os resultados apontaram que essas novas centralidade ao criarem novos espaços de compras e de lazer, criaram novas dinâmicas de fluxos de pessoas, de mercadorias e de negócios, instituindo relações interpessoais e uma sociabilidade, estimulando uma economia de base local assim como gerando uma identidade com o lugar.

In the 2010s, several geolocative platforms focusing on LGBTQ heritage were launched. The heritage of these minority communities is characterised by fluidity and invisibility and subsequently alternative patterns of mobility. To tease out how LGBTQ heritage apps and websites deal with this demanding legacy, 22 of such platforms are examined, and their strategies of movement are compared with the mobilities suggested by dating apps, and other contemporary modes of motion. Although the platforms are restricted by standardised techniques of representing space and movement, they display a variety of approaches, motivations and aims-some of them adapting to the demands of official heritage and others moving more against such institutionalised notions of heritage. LGBTQ heritage platforms have a complex relationship with movement, which resonates with other forms of LGBTQ mobility, and potentially brings out the disorienting forces of desire in heritage.

Reclaimers who salvage recyclable and reusable materials are frequently upheld as emblematic of disposable ‘surplus populations’ considered superfluous to the contemporary capitalist economy and social and political life. Through analysis of how black reclaimers in South Africa revalue commodities that others have disposed as waste, this chapter exposes the patriarchal, white supremacist colonial assumption underpinning capital accumulation (which I argue has intensified in the current period of ‘disposability capitalism’) that subjugated people, nature, and commodities can be treated as disposable, understood not as excluded and unnecessary, but as simultaneously disposable and at capitalists’ disposal (hence exploitable). The chapter argues that analysis of reclaimers’ complex labour and organising facilitates a fundamental critique of the ideology and practice of disposability and ‘disposability capitalism’ and provides crucial insights into ways to struggle beyond them, as well as challenges in doing so.

Over the past decade, the European Union has promoted the development and deployment of Linked Open Data technologies through the financing of several projects in the framework of the FP7 and Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs. In recent years, Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union, has started to investigate the application of these technologies in the statistical ecosystem to enable access to new data sources and to improve the cross-domain discoverability and interoperability of official statistical data. This paper provides an overview of the different actions Eurostat is taking in the context of the ESS Vision 2020 modernization program to leverage the statistical metadata assets of the European Statistical System (i.e. concepts, codes, nomenclatures) through the use of semantic technologies. In particular, the paper presents the work launched to build and sustain an LOD community of practice among European statisticians and the ongoing efforts to de...

Questions such as these -what are the implications of globalisation for urban government and governance? how are cities responding to these unprecedented economic, social, environmental and political changes? what are the implications for those who must lead and manage increasingly complex multicultural cities and city regions? (p.10) -that have perturbed students of contemporary global urbs are the focus of the 16 articles that form Governing Cities in a Global Era. These articles are, to a large extent, a selection of the 160 papers presented at the City Futures International Conference organized by the College of Urban Planning and Public Affairs at the University of Illinois, Chicago in July 2004. Distilling common themes from such a large and disparate group of research papers is always a challenge. The editors of this book must be complemented for having so seamlessly and adroitly integrated the articles into three thematic sections that can reveal the challenges globalisation and urbanisation pose for social and economic change in the twenty-first century. The three sections in the book correspond to the levels at which cities around the world are engaging with globalisation. The chapters in the first section are concerned with the impact of macrotrends of economics and politics on cities. A predominant expectation with the chapters in this section is to reveal whether predictable trends or generalisable results can be garnered from analyzing cities (and especially their governing paradigms). These chapters engage directly with two of the more compelling myths of globalisation. First, cities around the world are on a path of convergence as they increasingly respond in similar ways to the challenges thrown up. Second, these responses reveal the declining relevance of the nation-state (p.16). Using different theoretical, empirical and methodological approaches, the first four chapters unequivocally puncture the myth about a convergence in urban governance around the world. The particularities of the local and national, the authors would agree, continue to play a defining role in the global responses of cities. The significant contribution this book makes is in identifying the diverse methodological approaches ranging from an in-depth single case study to historical comparisons to qualitative document analysis that students of urban processes can utilize in interrogating urbanisation. The chapters in the second section bring the spotlight onto specific cities around the world and at the intermediate level of transformations in the institutions of urban governments in these cities. Globalisation and the enhanced interconnectivity in social and economic domains throw up different challenges for cities around the world. While for wealthier cities increased immigration and demands for enhanced inclusiveness can be testing, for other cities the proliferation of an entrenched criminal informality in the form of drugs and arms flows present unique challenges for public governance. In yet other cities booming economic development manifests in changes in the structure of local governance that have facilitated decentralization, while in others the loosening bonds of authoritarian nation-state structures have promoted divergent responses in the vibrancy of local democracy. This section is particularly fascinating because the disparate narratives of cities around the world highlight at least three theoretically significant points about the nature of urban change in globalising times. First, it highlights that growing urban inequalities in power, access, and resources are perceived universally as a threat to the legitimacy of local governments. But the innovative responses that city governments have instituted to counter this legitimacy deficit remain rooted in local histories of society, culture and

Escasas son las noticias sobre avenidas o inundaciones en el sureste de Al-An dalús referidas por la pluma de los autores musulmanes. El motivo de su ausencia de las crónicas està ligado a la peculiaridad misma de las fuentes islàmicas: las de época emiral o califal estan centradas en los hechos o anécdotas acaecidos en Córdobaf, como sede del poder central; a partir de la época de los reyes de taifas, por el contrario, hay una mayor variedad geogràfica y temàtica en los escritos de los autores musulmanes pero, aún así, una crecida o inundación no era para elios, generalmente, un dato histórico digno de ser resenado. La experiencia en sus tierras origen y su larga permanencià en el norte de Àfrica había hecho que los musulmanes identificaran fàcilmente los 'awdta (sing. wàdi) y conocieran perfectamente su irregular comportamiento. No eran, por tanto, las inundaciones de las ramblas o las crecidas de los ríos mediterràneos un hecho extraordinario digno de ser resaltado en sus anales históricos. Las noticias de los geógrafos, màs descriptivas e intemporales, tampoco hacen mención de este fenómeno tan común en el Mediterràneo musulmàn. Por ello son escasas las referencias de los escritores musulmanes a estos fenómenos para ellos «habituales» 2. 1 Los cronistas de la época califal sí dan cuenta de inundaciones en Córdoba; en los Anales Palatinos se da noticia de inundaciones en la metròpoli cordobesa el 20-diciembre-971, el 5-abril-974 y el 4-enero-975 (Anales palatinos del Caltfa de Córdoba Al•l•lakam II, por isà Ibn Ahmad Al-Ràú (360-364 tí. = 971-975 / . CJ, trad, por E. GARCÍA GÓMÈZ, Madrid, ed. S o c i a l de Estudiós y PuWicaciones, 1967, pp. 89, 195 y 249). Ademàs, son anotadas cuídadosamente una gran cantidad de datos sobre lluvias notables, terremotos, eclipse de luna, etcètera, todas alusivas a Córdoba o sus proximidades. Por la misma razón los cronistas de épocas almoràdive y almohade refieren los acontecimientos acaecidos en las metròpolis de los respectivos imperiós, Mairaquesh y Fez, o Sevilla, capital peninsular en tiempos almohades: ejemplos son las noticias sobre las grandes inundaciones habidas en Fez el 19 de ooviefflbre de 1229 (referidas por Ibn AM Zar*: Al-Ants Al-Mutrib bi Rawd Al-Qirtàs fi qjbàr multík Al-Ma&rib wa-ta*rtj Madlnat Fàs, ed. y trad. latina de C.

Der Flughafen Amsterdam Airport Schiphol zählt zu den wenigen Drehkreuzen Europas, die nach ihrer Eröffnung nicht mehr umgesiedelt wurden. Schiphol ist seit seiner Gründung als Luftlandeplatz im Jahr 1916 im „Haarlemmermeer “ansässig, einer ehemaligen ...

One of the regions in the world that adhere to a fairly high patriarchal culture is Latin America. The role of women in the public sector does not play much because women tend to be oriented towards family responsibilities. However, the development of gender equality in the Latin America region has recently begun to develop and increase. One of the country in Latin America that have a good quality of gender equality based on Global Gender Gap Index is Nicaragua. Nicaragua become the 5th country with the best gender index in the world, and also become the best gender equality in the Latin America region. This research poses a question about how are the gender equality conditions examined through the lens of Global Gender Gap Index which provided by World Economic Forum (WEF)? This research uses qualitative descriptive approach which analyze the secondary data gained from reliable sources. The results show that the top dimensions of gender equality conditions are the health and education. Furthermore, the high rank of political participation in Nicaragua has the historical roots since Sandinista as a movement and particularly when Sandinista took national power in 1980s and regained momentum in 2007.

Tomando como referência os centros que compõem a rede urbana de Dourados-MS, o presente texto tem como objetivo analisar as relações/articulações entre uma cidade média e uma cidade de pequeno porte, buscando contribuir para a reflexão acerca da temática sobre cidades médias. Para tal, foi feito um levantamento dos centros urbanos (que compõem a rede urbana de Dourados, de acordo com o REGIC/IBGE -2008) e realizado um mapeamento dos estabelecimentos de saúde (hospitais) existentes nesses centros urbanos, destacando o tipo de serviço de saúde oferecido (se de alta, média ou baixa complexidade). Esse conjunto de centros urbanos, a partir de relações materiais e imateriais, possibilita a circulação de bens, serviços, informações e fluxos de pessoas, contribuindo para reforçar a centralidade de Dourados e assegurando a sua condição de cidade média. Nesse sentido, procuramos chamar a atenção para a importância em se considerar o papel das cidades de pequeno porte, sobretudo em Mato Grosso do Sul, haja vista que a maior parte das cidades do estado são consideradas pequenas. Palavras-chave: Serviços de saúde; Cidade média; Cidade de pequeno porte.