Clinical Psychology

Objective: There is limited research on the use of telerehabilitation platforms in service delivery for people with acquired brain injury (ABI), especially technologies that support delivery of services into the home. This qualitative study aimed to explore the perspectives of rehabilitation coordinators, individuals with ABI and family caregivers on the usability and acceptability of videoconferencing in community-based rehabilitation. Participants' experiences and perceptions of telerehabilitation and their impressions of a particular videoconferencing system were investigated. Method: Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989), semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 participants from a community-based ABI service, including 13 multidisciplinary rehabilitation coordinators, 9 individuals with ABI and 8 family caregivers. During the interview they were shown a paper prototype of a telehealth portal for videoconferencing that was available for use. Interview transcripts were coded by two researchers and analysed thematically. Results: Videoconferencing was used on average for 2% of client consultations. Four major themes depicted factors influencing the uptake of videoconferencing platforms; namely, the context or impetus for use, perceived benefits, potential problems and parameters around use, and balancing the service and user needs. Participants identified beneficial uses of videoconferencing in service delivery and strategies for promoting a positive user experience. Conclusions: Perceptions of the usability of videoconferencing to provide services in the home were largely positive; however, consideration of use on a case-by-case basis and a trial implementation was recommended to enhance successful uptake into service delivery.

Background: Mentalizing, the mental capacity to understand oneself and others in terms of mental states, has been found to be reduced in some mental disorders such as Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Some studies have suggested that Eating Disorders (EDs) may also be associated with impairments in mentalizing, but studies have not always yielded consistent results. This is the first study to systematically investigate mentalizing impairments in patients with Bulimia Nervosa (BN) compared with controls. In addition, we investigated whether impairments in mentalizing were related to BPD features, rather than BN per se, given the high comorbidity between BPD and BN. Methods: Patients with BN (n = 53) and healthy controls (HCs; n = 87) completed a battery of measures assessing mentalizing including the Reflective Function Questionnaires (RFQ), the Object Relations Inventory (ORI; Differentiation-Relatedness Scales) and the Reading The Mind in The Eyes Test (RMET). Results: Patients with BN scored significantly lower than HCs on all tests of mentalizing, with moderate to large between-group effect sizes. These differences were partially accounted for by BPD features as assessed with the Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder (ZAN-BPD), and partially by bulimic symptoms measured with the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Conclusions: Patients with BN have significantly lower levels of mentalizing as assessed with a broad range of tests compared to HCs. These differences were related to both bulimic symptoms and BPD features. Although further research in larger samples is needed, if replicated, these findings suggest that poor mentalizing may be a significant factor in BN patients and should be addressed in treatment, regardless of the presence of BPD features.

This study examined gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and symptom factors in the total U.S. active duty force. Data were drawn from the 2008 Department of Defense Survey of Health Related Behaviors among Active Duty Military Personnel including 17,939 men and 6751 women from all services. The results indicated that women expressed more distress than men across almost all the symptoms on the PTSD Checklist except for hypervigilance. Women also scored significantly higher on all four factors examined: Re-experiencing, Avoidance, Emotionally Numb, Hyperarousal. More women than men were distressed by combat experiences that involved some type of violence, such as being wounded, witnessing or engaging in acts of cruelty, engaging in hand-to-hand combat, and, to a lesser extent, handling dead bodies. Men who had been sexually abused had a greater number of symptoms and were consistently more distressed than women on individual symptoms and symptom factors.

In racial disparities research, perceived discrimination is a proposed risk factor for unfavorable health outcomes. In a proposed "threshold-constraint" theory, discrimination intensity may exceed a threshold and require coping strategies, but social constraint limits coping options for African Americans, who may react to perceived racial discrimination with disengagement, because active strategies are not viable under this social constraint. Caucasian Americans may experience less discrimination and lower social constraint, and may use more active coping strategies. There were 213 African Americans and 121 Caucasian Americans with cancer who participated by completing measures of mistreatment, coping, and quality of life. African Americans reported more mistreatment than Caucasian Americans (p < 001) and attributed mistreatment more to race or ethnicity (p < .001). In the mistreatment-quality of life relationship, disengagement was a significant mediator for Caucasi...

The aim of this study is to determine functioning of adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) diagnosed in childhood and also depression and burnout levels among their parents. 261 adults with ASDs and their parents were recruited for the study. Both parents completed the Beck Depression and Maslach Burnout Inventories and reported the functioning of their adult offspring with ASDs. Only 5.4 % of our sample reported “good” or “very good” outcome. The most common psychiatric comorbidities were intellectual disabilities and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Maternal burnout and depression scores were significantly elevated compared to those of fathers. There is an undeniable urgent need for more research to identify the needs of adults and families suffering from ASD.

Background: People over 50 are increasing their alcohol intake, potentially increasing their risk of dementia. Objective: This study investigates whether people would be willing to adhere to current United Kingdom (UK, "low-risk") alcohol guidelines to reduce dementia risk. Methods: A national cross-sectional online survey recruited a non-probabilistic sample of 3,948 individuals aged 50 and over without dementia in the UK. Self-reported willingness to comply with low-risk guidelines was predicted using multivariate logistic regression. Other relevant self-reported variables included physical health, lifestyle, and current alcohol intake. Results: Majority of the sample (90%, n=3,527) reported drinking alcohol at least once a month with 23% (n=795) exceeding the low-risk guidelines (>14 units per week). A larger proportion of men, those who were overweight, and people without a partner reported drinking above the recommended level. Most people who consumed alcohol (n=2,934; 74.3%) appeared willing to adhere to low-risk guidelines if they were told that their risk of having dementia could be reduced. Increased willingness was found in women (OR 1.81; CI 1.47-2.23), in people who had at least one child (OR 1.36; CI 1.09-1.70) and those who slept well (OR 1.45; CI 1.06-2.00). People who were obese (OR 0.72; CI 0.54-0.95), those who drank alcohol above limits (OR 0.13; CI 0.11-0.16), and those who were smokers (OR 0.56; CI 0.36-0.88) were less willing to adhere to current guidelines. Men and people with more lifestyle risk factors for common chronic diseases (e.g., smoking, obesity and excess alcohol consumption) are less willing to adhere to current alcohol low-risk guidelines to reduce dementia risk.

AVIS: The author has granted a nonexclusive license allowing Library and Archives Canada to reproduce, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, communicate to the public by telecommunication or on the Internet, loan, distribute and sell theses worldwide, for commercial or noncommercial purposes, in microform, paper, electronic and/or any other formats. L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Canada de reproduce, publier, archiver, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, prefer, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou autres formats. The author retains copyright ownership and moral rights in this thesis. Neither the thesis nor substantial extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author's permission. L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement reproduits sans son autorisation. In compliance with the Canadian Privacy Act some supporting forms may have been removed from this thesis. Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la protection de la vie privee, quelques formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de cette these. While these forms may be included in the document page count, their removal does not represent any loss of content from the thesis. Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant. Canada Composition du jury Maturation(s). Le projet artistique comme metonymie du devenir adulte chez les personnages issus de la generation X dans cinq romans quebecois Catherine Desmarais Ce memoire a ete evalue par un jury compose des personnes suivantes : Isabelle Boisclair, directrice de recherche (Departement des lettres et communications, Faculte des lettres et sciences humaines) Louise Bienvenue, membre du jury (Departement d'histoire, Faculte des lettres et sciences humaines) Pierre Hebert, membre du jury (Departement des lettres et communications, Faculte des lettres et sciences humaines) RESUME L'immaturite est un theme recurrent dans les productions romanesques et cinematographiques des annees 2000 des artistes de la generation X (se rapportant aux personnes nees entre 1965 et 1980). A la suite de cette constatation, nous nous sommes questionnee sur les caracteristiques de la maturite, pour realiser qu'il s'avere difficile d'en cerner les limites. Nous avons egalement decouvert que celui qui detient le pouvoir d'ainsi caracteriser cette generation est l'individu dont l'identite se determine par le critere « adulte ». Dans le contexte actuel, il s'agit du baby-boomer (ne entre 1945 et 1965), en Foccurrence le parent de l'individu membre de la generation X, ce qui explique en partie le phenomene. Toutefois, au-dela du clivage generationnel, les sociologues comme Jean-Pierre Boutinet et Claude Dubar offrent des outils conceptuels permettant de proposer une definition plus ouverte de la maturite, basee sur la realisation de soi. Selon cette perspective, le concept de projet tel que defini par Boutinet constitue un mode d'action efficace pour acceder a une identite mature. Puisqu'un bon nombre de romans ecrits par des auteurs de la generation X dans les annees 2000 represented le personnage principal en artiste, nous proposons d'etudier le rapport metonymique entre le projet artistique et le devenir adulte. Le choix de notre corpus s'est arrete sur cinq romans dont les personnages principaux, aux prises avec une problematique identitaire reliee a la maturite, s'investissent dans un projet artistique qui occupe une place considerable dans la trame narrative. Le personnage de Mauve de Ce qu 'il en reste, de Julie Hivon, est peintre et reussit a cumuler, au fil du roman, les statuts de travailleuse, de mere et d'artiste consacree. La romanciere et scenariste M. du Degout du bonheur de Melikah Abdelmoumen, quant a elle, oscille entre confrontation et conformisme a l'ordre adulte pour enfin arriver a se realiser a travers se projets artistiques sans toutefois quitter la marginalite (trait associe a l'immaturite) qui la caracterise. Enfin, le singulier personnage eponyme des trois premiers tomes du cycle romanesque Vortex Violet, de Christian Mistral, atteint la reconnaissance du public et de 1'institution litteraire sans jamais arriver a assumer ses responsabilites d'adulte et de pere. Pour chacun des romans, ce memoire dresse le portrait du personnage principal, puis du groupe adulte auquel est octroye le pouvoir de determiner les caracteristiques de la maturite. Enfin, notre etude se penche sur le parcours des personnages vers la maturite a travers l'achevement de leur projet artistique. Mots-cles : Litterature quebecoise, identite, generation, maturite, projet artistique REMERCIEMENTS Je tiens d'abord a remercier de tout coeur ma directrice Isabelle Boisclair, sans qui j'aurais pu difficilement mener a terme ce memoire. Je te suis grandement reconnaissante pour ton investissement, ton ecoute, ta disponibilite, ta rigueur et ton humour. Tu m'as d'innombrables fois rassuree et aidee a croire en moi-meme. Tes commentaires et suggestions ont ete des outils precieux non seulement pendant ma maitrise, mais egalement dans l'ensemble de mes etudes a l'Universite de Sherbrooke. Merci. Beaucoup. Je veux egalement signifier ma reconnaissance a l'egard de mes lecteur et lectrice Pierre Hebert et Louise Bienvenue, qui ont accepte de faire partie de ce projet. C'est un honneur pour moi de vous avoir comme premiers lecteurs et d'avoir pu beneficie de vos commentaires lors de mon seminaire de memoire. Je ne peux passer sous silence le soutien financier qui m'a ete accorde par le CRSH, grace auquel j'ai pu me concentrer entierement sur mes etudes. Un gros merci special a mes amies, avec qui j'ai pu partager mes angoisses et decouvertes tout au long de ma maitrise. Nos soirees ont ete pour moi des bouffees d'air frais. Un clin d'ceil special a Jacques Beaudry, qui a fait cogner Gombrowicz a ma porte. En terminant, je tiens a souligner le soutien moral et affectif de mon conjoint Antoine, qui m'a toujours encouragee, qui a cru en moi, et qui est aujourd'hui tres fier de moi. Merci de m'avoir soutenue.

Cognitive impairment among populations at risk for HIV poses a significant barrier to managing risk behaviors. The impact of HIV and several cofactors, including substance abuse and mental illness, on cognitive function is discussed in the context of HIV risk behaviors, medication adherence, and risk-reduction interventions. Literature suggests that cognitive impairment is intertwined in a close, reciprocal relationship with both risk behaviors and medication adherence. Not only do increased risk behaviors and suboptimal adherence exacerbate cognitive impairment, but cognitive impairment also reduces the effectiveness of interventions aimed at optimizing medication adherence and reducing risk. In order to be effective, risk-reduction interventions must therefore take into account the impact of cognitive impairment on learning and behavior.

Clinical empathy, which is defined as the ability to understand the patient's experience and feelings from the patient's perspective, is acknowledged to be an important aspect of quality healthcare. However, how work experience modulates the empathic responses and brain activation patterns in medical professions remains elusive. This fMRI study recruited one hundred female nurses, who varied the length of work experience, and examined how their neural response, functional connectivity, and subjective evaluations of valence and arousal to perceiving another individual in physical pain are modulated by the situational context in which they occur (i.e., in a hospital or at home). Participants with longer hospital terms evaluated pain as less negative in valence and arousal when occurring in a hospital context, but not in a home context. Physical pain perceived in a hospital compared to a home context produced stronger activity in the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ). The reverse comparison resulted in an increased activity in the insula and anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC). Mediation analysis indicated that reduced personal accomplishment, a symptom of burnout, breaks down the mediation effect of the putamen on context-dependent valence ratings. Overall, the study demonstrates how situational contexts significantly influence individuals' empathic processing, and that perceiving reward from patient care protects them from burnout. -Differences in behavior ratings and brain activations between medical practitioners perceiving others' pain in a hospital and at home. -Situational contexts significantly influence individual's empathic processing. -Perceiving rewards from patient care protects medical practitioners from burnout. -Empathy is a flexible phenomenon.

This study examined the association between suicidal ideation and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom trajectories in a nationally representative sample of United States Reserve Component soldiers. PTSD symptoms related to a traumatic event during the most recent deployment were assessed in four annual waves in 2010-2013 among 682 Reserve Component soldiers. Latent Growth Mixture Modeling (LGMM) was used to examine the longitudinal trajectories of PTSD symptoms. The association between the PTSD trajectories and suicidal ideation at waves 2 to 4 was examined in logistic regression analyses. Four trajectories were identified: resilience (73.0%), recovery (11.7%), late onset (11.6%) and chronic (3.6%). Pairwise comparisons demonstrated significant differences between trajectories in risk of suicidal ideation. Among the chronic trajectory group, 50.9% reported suicidal ideation (25.8% late onset group; 11.3% recovery group; 4.0% resilience group). After controlling for baseline...

Burgeoning evidence that modifiable parental factors can influence children's and adolescents' risk for depression and anxiety indicates that parents can play a crucial role in prevention of these disorders in their children. However, it remains unclear whether preventive interventions that are directed primarily at the parent (i.e. where the parent receives more than half of the intervention) are effective in reducing child internalizing (including both depression and anxiety) problems in the longer term.

Burgeoning evidence that modifiable parental factors can influence children's and adolescents' risk for depression and anxiety indicates that parents can play a crucial role in prevention of these disorders in their children. However, it remains unclear whether preventive interventions that are directed primarily at the parent (i.e. where the parent receives more than half of the intervention) are effective in reducing child internalizing (including both depression and anxiety) problems in the longer term. Compared to a range of comparison conditions, parenting interventions reduced child internalizing problems, at a minimum of 6months after the intervention was delivered. Mean effects were very small for measures of internalizing and depressive symptoms, and small for measures of anxiety symptoms. Pooled effects for anxiety diagnoses were significant and indicated a number needed to treat (NNT) of 10. Pooled effects for depression diagnoses approached significance but sugge...

Resilience is influenced by personal and environmental risk and protective factors that are unique in each context. The constant socio-cultural changes affect the educational context and may lead to new factors associated with teachers' resilience. To this end, the present study aimed to examine the risk and protective factors of resilience in Greek general and special education teachers and how they are incorporated into the strategies they use to face adversities in their workplace. Qualitative data were collected from 15 general education and 11 special education teachers. Content Analysis was used to analyse the data. Results indicated that new risk factors have emerged, however, there were only minor differences in the prioritization of risk and protective resilience factors between general and special education teachers. The study also provided insights into the strategies used by teachers to deal with their working challenges and enhance their resilience. Protective Factors, Resilience, Risk Factors, Strategies, Teachers The role of the schools has begun to differentiate from that of previous years in both international and Greek school reality . In Greece particularly, the severe economic crisis, the wave of migration and the social changes that led to more heterogeneous classes and demanding student problems and the urgent need to differentiate the school from an environment of steer knowledge and socialization to an environment that also places emphasis on enhancing the well-being and resilience of all its members . As a result, teachers' resilience has emerged as an important area of research, especially in countries where high burnout and resignation levels have been observed in the teaching profession . Despite the fact that the Positive Psychology movement and the high burnout and attrition levels reignited researchers' interest in studying resilience, studies mainly focus on the reasons that cause teachers to leave their profession. In this context, the international literature places particular emphasis on examining the risk factors that impede teachers' well-being (e.g., . Only recently researchers have begun to shift their focus on the protective factors that enhance teachers' resilience and help them retain their commitment to their profession (e.g., Peixoto et al., 2019;. However, the fast-growing literature on the protective factors of resilience includes limited studies addressing specifically special education teachers (e.g., . In addition, both in international and Greek literature, only a few studies examine the strategies employed to preserve and/or enhance teachers' resilience in general (GE) and special (SE) education (e.g., . As a multidimensional social construct, resilience is influenced by factors that are unique in each cultural context and are often not being evaluated in the already existing instruments . In other words, socioeconomic changes may affect the type and/or importance of the protective and risk factors of teachers' resilience. It requires access to the subjective experience of the teachers in order to investigate the multiple manifestations of the protective and risk resilience factors. Taking the above into consideration the present study was designed to address these limitations through a qualitative approach. Journal of School and Educational Psychology Specifically, it aims to examine the risk and protective factors and the strategies of resilience in GE and SE teachers and to elaborate on how they differ from the ones reported in the international literature. Kumpfer's resilience framework aimed to describe the processes of resilience with a framework that included risk and protective factors and highlighted the interaction between the environment and the personal factors in building resilience . The model was built based on earlier models of social ecology, to create a metatheory and/or a comprehensive framework of the characteristics and processes that influence an individual's resilience. The model begins with an initial event, which may be a stressor or a challenge that causes an interruption in the homeostasis of the individuals, and requires a response in order to maintain their equilibrium . The initial event marks the beginning of the reintegration that results in an outcome, which may be either positive or negative. This transactional model includes four main areas of influence and two dynamic processes that form six major predictors of resilience (Kumpfer, 1999): The four areas of influence are, (a) the stressors or challenges, (b) the environmental context (external risk and protective factors such as community, family, peers, etc.), (c) the internal risk and protective resilience factors (cognitive, emotional, spiritual, physical, behavioural), and (d) adaptation (resilient versus maladaptive reintegration). The process includes (a) the individual-environment interaction process and (b) the individual-outcome interaction process. The risk factors of teachers' resilience can be categorized into three main areas: a) those related to the students' and classroom management, b) those related to the organizational structure and the working conditions and, c) the relationships with or lack of support from colleagues. More specifically, classroom and/or student behaviour management is one of the major risk factors for general and special teachers' well-being that impedes teachers from coping with challenges . Students' lack of motivation and effort, lack of respect, and in many cases their violent behaviours cause teachers to spend considerable time on behaviour management issues . In the Greek educational context, a large number of students and the heterogeneity of classrooms, student's behaviour and progress and the differentiation of teaching methods based on the educational needs of each student are factors that cause additional pressure on general and special education teachers . International studies found that not being involved in school decisions and not having sufficient support from the school administration (Ainsworth & Oldfield, 2019; are among the most important challenges that teachers face in their working environment. More specifically, in the special education context, studies have found that role conflicts, emotional requirements, complexity in implementing the curriculum, and working hours have the potential to notably predict stress and emotional exhaustion among special education teachers (Onuibo et al., 2018;. Similarly, studies in the Greek educational context have found that among the major sources of stress for Greek general and special teachers are the organization and implementation of the school program, encompassing favouritism from government and school administration, time constraints, and availability of resources and equipment . Finally, competitive attitudes between colleagues and managing difficult relationships with peers have been reported among the risk factors of teachers' resilience. found that teachers report to a high degree the lack of cooperation and support from their peers as a risk factor for their resilience. The same factors have been identified in studies in the Greek educational context. In Platsidou and Agaliotis's (2008) study, collaboration with other special education experts was cited as one of the factors that created moderate stress for teachers, while Antoniou and his colleagues (2023) found that the level of support received from parents and society may cause additional stress to general and special education teachers. Many teachers are affected by the same factors and conditions that lead some of their colleagues to leave teaching, but, instead, they choose to stay in the profession. These teachers exhibit characteristics of resilience.

Introduction.  International literature indicates that self-efficacy and resilience are interrelated and they both predict teachers’ burnout and stress. In order to better understand their intertwining relationship, the present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that resilience mediates the effect of efficacy beliefs to burnout and stress.Method.  Participants were 636 Greek primary education teachers. The Multidimensional Teacher Resilience Scale (MTRS; Mansfield & Wosnitza, 2015), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1986), the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk Hoy, 2001) and the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983) were used to collect the data. All scales were adapted to Greek and tested for their psychometric properties.Results.  The results partially confirmed our hypothesis showing that three of the resilience subscales, Social-Professional Resilience, Adaptability and Motivational Resilience, partially ...

The self-esteem, anxiety and past and present educational histories of 16 dyslexic university students and 16 matched controls were compared. Self-esteem was measured using the Culture-free Self-esteem Inventory and anxiety was measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. A questionnaire devised by the research team was used to gather information on past and present educational histories, including a number of questions that could be rated on a five point scale. The dyslexic group was found to have significantly lower self-esteem than the controls. On the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory there was no significant difference between the groups. On the five point rating scales the dyslexic group reported themselves as feeling more anxious and less competent in their written work at school than the controls and rated themselves at university as less competent both in their written work and in their academic achievements.

INTRODUCTION Anxiety and depression during pregnancy could imply difficulties in the attachment to the unborn baby. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and change in anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnant women with fear of birth. Another aim was to explore associations between symptoms of anxiety and depression on prenatal attachment. METHODS This is a longitudinal cohort study of 77 pregnant women with fear of birth in three hospitals in Sweden. Data were collected by three questionnaires in mid and late pregnancy and two months after birth. RESULTS Anxiety symptoms were more often reported than depressive symptoms, significantly decreasing over time in both conditions. Anxiety symptoms were associated with low education level, negative feelings towards the upcoming birth, and levels of fear of birth. Depressive symptoms were associated with levels of fear of birth. One in five women presented with fear of birth, anxiety, and depressive symptoms, suggesting that co-morbidity was quite common in this sample. Depressive symptoms and co-morbidity were negatively associated with prenatal attachment. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that symptoms of anxiety and depression in women with fear of birth vary over time and that co-morbidity is quite common. Lack of emotional well-being was related to prenatal attachment. Healthcare professionals must identify and support women with anxiety and depressive symptoms and fear of birth so that difficulties in the relationship between the mother and the newborn baby might be reduced.

Individuals experiencing superstitions respond with varied emotions. Do individuals experiencing negative superstitions respond with negative emotions, while individuals experiencing positive superstitions will respond with positive emotions? How is emotional arousal depicted when people experiencing superstitions? This study aimed to determine the emotional responses associated with negative and positive superstitions and the description of emotional arousal. The research design used was descriptive quantitative research. The population for this study consisted of Javanese individuals with a sample size of 192 subjects. The research respondents were selected using incidental sampling techniques and were given questionnaires to collect the data. The instruments used in this study were treatment and data collection instruments. The results of descriptive analysis revealed that individuals experiencing negative superstitions had emotions of fear, calm, non-specific emotions and guilt. Furthermore, individual experiencing positive superstitions had the emotions of calmness, hope, gratitude and joy. The level of emotional arousal when experiencing negative superstitions was categorized as medium, whereas the level of emotional arousal when experiencing positive superstitions was categorized as high.

This article explores the evolution of the impassible face, tracing its transformation from a philosophical ideal of emotional mastery to a cultural pathology of emotional opacity. Beginning with the serene countenance of the Stoic sage, exemplified by Anaxarchus, and the tranquil suffering of the Christian martyr, such as Saint Agatha, it examines how this ideal migrated to the medical profession, becoming a marker of professional composure in Sir William Osler's Aequanimitas. The study then shifts to the concept of alexithymia, where the absence of emotional expression is pathologized, turning the calm face into a sign of emotional disconnection. This tension is further dramatized in Marina Abramović's The Artist Is Present, where the silent, impassible face becomes a mirror of emotional projection. Finally, the article explores the rise of digital faces-filtered, simulated, and mediated-where the ideal of equanimity is transformed into a mask of generalized alexithymia, a state where emotional presence is replaced by spectral opacity.

Background Deficits in social cognition could be involved in the pathogenesis of delusions in psychotic disorders (Bentall et al., 2009). Childhood trauma (CT) has been associated with an increased risk for psychosis (Varese et al., 2012). Neurocognitive and social cognition deficits could mediate in the association between CT and psychosis (Mansueto et al., 2019). Social cognition and childhood trauma have been understudied so far in delusional disorder (DD). We aimed to assess social cognition in a sample of patients with delusional psychoses (i.e., DD and schizophrenia) and healthy controls (HC) and to explore the potential effect of childhood trauma on social cognition and delusion. Methods This cross-sectional, transdiagnostic study included 69 patients with a DSM-IV-TR-confirmed diagnosis of DD (mean age 44.06 ± 11.39 years, 53.6% female), 77 with DSM-IV-TR-confirmed schizophrenia (mean age 38.12 ± 9.27 years, 27.3% female), and 63 HC (mean age 43.6 ± 13.0 years, 68.3% female)...

This one-group pretest-posttest design of the study aimed at determining the reading proficiency of Grade 3 pupils as influenced by reading remediation materials. This study utilized the purposive sampling method wherein a total of 31 learners from Apolinar Franco Sr. Elementary School, Bato, Sta. Cruz, Davao del Sur during the third quarter period were selected as the research subjects of this study. The research subjects' reading proficiency was measured by a phonemic awareness screener employed by the researcher. The statistical tools utilized were the mean and Paired Sample T-test. Results revealed that before implementing the remedial reading materials, the level of reading proficiency of the learners needs intervention, which implies that learners struggle with phonemic awareness development. The result showed an improvement in the reading proficiency of the learners afterwards being exposed to the Localized, Guided and Results-Based (LGB) Remediation Materials. The reading proficiency of the learners was found to be at mastery level. Finally, the study revealed that the Localized, Guided and Results-Based (LGB) Remediation Materials improves the reading proficiency of the Grade 3 pupils.

In the current study, we examined the extent to which 86 American clinicians heard reports of discrimination from their clients of color. Findings indicated that 96.5% of clinicians heard at least one report of discrimination from clients of color at least occasionally in counseling. The acts of discrimination most frequently reported by clients of color were: a) being made to feel like outsiders, b) treated unfairly by coworkers and classmates, and c) treated unfairly by teachers and principals. Additionally, we investigated the predictive nature of reports of discrimination from clients of color on clinicians' compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. The three predictor variables (clinicians' age, years counseling, and clients of color's reports of discrimination) did not significantly predict compassion satisfaction or burnout, yet significantly predicted secondary traumatic stress. These results revealed that as reports of discrimination from clients of color increased, so too did clinicians' secondary traumatic stress.

Compassion meditation (CM) is a contemplative practice that is intended to cultivate the ability to extend and sustain compassion toward self and others. Although research documents the benefits of CM in healthy populations, its use in the context of psychopathology is largely unexamined. The purpose of this study was to refine and initially evaluate a CM protocol, Cognitively Based Compassion Training (CBCT®), for use with Veterans with PTSD. To this end, our research team developed and refined a manualized protocol, CBCT-Vet, over 4 sets of groups involving 36 Veterans. This protocol was delivered in 8-10 sessions, each lasting 90-120 min and led by a CBCT®-trained clinical psychologist. Quantitative and qualitative data were used to identify areas to be improved and to assess change that occurred during the treatment period. Based on pooled data from this series of groups, CM appears to be acceptable to Veterans with PTSD. Group participation was associated with reduced symptoms of PTSD (partial eta squared = .27) and depression (partial eta squared = .19), but causality should not be inferred given the nonrandomized design. No change was observed in additional outcomes, including positive emotion and social connectedness. The results of this open trial support additional exploration of CM as part of the recovery process for Veterans with PTSD. Although empirically supported treatments are available for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), most military personnel and Veterans choose not to engage in these treatments or have residual symptoms after treatment completion . A growing literature suggests that meditation may be useful in recovery from PTSD (see Lang et al. 2012 for a review). Data from clinical and non-clinical samples suggest that compassion meditation (CM) has a positive impact on positive emotion and social functioning, which are areas of difficulty for many individuals with PTSD. Nonetheless, CM has yet to be evaluated for treatment of PTSD. Cognitively based compassion training (CBCT®) is a CM training program. It consists of a sequence of contemplative practices that are believed to cultivate the ability to extend and sustain compassion toward self and others (Negi 2013). CBCT® combines present-moment practices (i.e., focused attention and open monitoring) with analytical contemplative methods, which encourage cognitive reappraisal and alteration of usual mental patterns to expand compassion. CM and similar approaches (e.g., loving kindness meditation [LKM]) lead to increases in positive emotion in both

Interpersonal sensitivity, particularly threat of potential exclusion, is a critical condition in borderline personality disorder (BPD) which impairs patients' social adjustment. Current evidence-based treatments include group components, such as mentalization-based group therapy (MBT-G), in order to improve interpersonal functioning. These treatments additionally focus on the therapeutic alliance since it was discovered to be a robust predictor of treatment outcome. However, alliance is a multidimensional factor of group therapy, which includes the fellow patients, and may thus be negatively affected by the exclusion-proneness of BPD patients. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the predictive value of threat of social exclusion for the therapeutic alliance in MBT-G. In the first part of the study, social exclusion was experimentally induced in 23 BPD inpatients and 28 healthy subjects using the Cyberball paradigm, a virtual ball tossing game. The evoked level of threat ...

Vivimos en un período marcado por la muerte, hostilidad en contra las diferencias y autoritarismos explícitos que, en gran parte son diseminados por el propio Gobierno federal (2019-2022). Las políticas de la muerte son ejercidas, necropolítica total, no solo por el poder soberano, sino principalmente por la axiomática del capital. Este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre pistas para la producción de vida en tiempos actuales de propagación de muerte, tanto en el ámbito individual, como colectivo, desde el referencial teórico del esquizoanálisis. El método utilizado fue la selección de algunos conceptos de la filosofía de la diferencia de Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari para operar esa reflexión sobre lo contemporáneo. Como resultados discutimos cinco movimientos del esquizoanálisis para la producción de vida: la transmutación de las fuerzas; adoptar el propio territorio como punto de partida; trabajar la potencia del occursus; valorar el infinitamente pequeño; y fomentar el afecto, los devenires, como pasaje.

Coping reactions to stressful events are important links between difficult experiences and the emergence of psychopathology. In this study we compared youths' negative coping with stress in general to their negative coping with violence in particular, and utilized a person-centered analytic approach to examine how patterns of coping relate to various mental health outcomes. We utilized survey interview measures to collect data from a sample of 131 youth (ages 11-14, 100% ethnic minority) residing in an economically distressed metropolitan area of the northeast. We observed significant relations between youths' tendencies to cope with stress and violence via externalizedinternalized strategies (e.g., yelling to let off steam, crying) and their mental health symptoms. However, we generally did not observe relations between engagement in distancing coping strategies (e.g., making believe nothing happened) and any problematic outcomes. Negative coping does not appear be a monolithic construct uniformly associated with negative outcomes for youth. Distancing coping might represent an especially useful short-term coping response for youth living in socioeconomically distressed conditions from the standpoint of inhibiting symptom development.

In psychology, anxiety is one of the most common phenomena that has long been studied. Cognitive Test Anxiety is the term used to describe the emotional and psychological reactions people have when they are about to take an exam or test. The objective of this study is to identify the cluster using research variables-gender, stream, residence and CTA (Cognitive Test Anxiety) for assessing predictor significance in cluster formation. To achieve those objectives the researcher used a descriptive survey approach and took 363 arts and science postgraduate students from Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University as sample. As a statistical technique, the researcher has used a two-step clustering approach to classify the entire sample into distinct clusters. Variables such as residence, gender and stream were identified as contributors to distinct clusters and their influence on CTA. The study's conclusions showed that as the clusters grow, from 2 to 10 clusters the residence, gender, stream and CTA as predictors become highly significant. Therefore, it can be opined that change of predictors with respect to residence and gender are very high, stream is mediocre, and CTA is low for small clusters but becomes high for large number of clusters.

opment in bipolar disorder. John Nurnberger will present and review data from an extensive "at risk" study in the USA inwhich offspring of parents with Bipolar disorder type I have been followed clinically for the emergence of psychiatric illness over time. The appearance of multiple types of psychopathology in the background of an elevated risk for bipolar suggests a causal mechanism in the evolution of adult psychopathology. Philip Mitchell, Australia, will present prospective findings on clinical and neurobiological predictors of 'conversion' to bipolar disorder. Detailed clinical, imaging, and genetic data from "at risk offspring" for bipolar disorder provide clear support of biological mechanisms that drive the increased risk for psychopathology in these individuals. Functional and structural neuroimaging connectivity studies from the Australian group reveal reduced connectivity in circuits responsible for emotion, and in particular implicate the inferior frontal gyrus. Research at the University of Michigan (McInnis & O'Shea) identified cellular models of neurons and astrocytes that are derived from induced pluripotent stem cells made from fibroblasts of bipolar individuals demonstrate differential patterning in early development and respond differently to patterning factors. Models that examine patterns of expression of mitochondrial genes among patients with schizophrenia demonstrate differential patterns among these genes that suggest there are intrinsic differences at very early stages of development. This symposium will integrate clinical and laboratory based models with the goals of identifying strategic time periods, psychopathology patterns, and biologically based models to study molecular mechanisms underlying the trajectory individuals at risk for and ultimately develop bipolar disorder. Nothing to disclose.

In the working world, the personality of a worker or employee is one of the crucial things to know. Personality can be seen from various things, including behavior patterns, to understand better how someone acts in certain situations. This study looks at the MCDL Day's Instrument as a personality measurement tool compared to the Papikostick test. This research method uses a cross-sectional quantitative approach. The research subjects were 235 people aged 17-34 years. The reliability test used a composite score. The validity test used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and concurrent criteria. The results showed that the reliability test of the composite score is 0.616 with the results of the CFA loading factor 0.30 with 18 valid items and four dimensions explaining 23% of the variables. For the criteria validity, there is no significant relationship between the MCDL Day's instrument and the dimensions in Papikostick.

Bullying, which includes cyberbullying and face-to-face bullying, is amongst the most pervasive threats to the wellbeing of children and young people. As social environments, schools are at the forefront of managing bullying behaviours. The rapidly changing and complex nature of bullying requires schools to put in place and maintain systems to prepare for and respond to such activities, and to continually test and refine these systems to ensure optimal performance. Despite this clear need, there is a lack of school level, self-assessment tools that enable schools to assess and measure their preparedness to deal with bullying and related disruptive activities. The aim of this paper was to describe the development, and reliability and validity testing, of such a tool – the School Self-Assessment Tool. The result is a 22-item, evidence-based, reliable, and validated instrument, situated within socio-ecological theory, and drawing on theories of behaviourism, social learning theory, pre...

It was aimed to evaluate the relationship between the narcissism of mothers and the temperament of children which is an important age for personality development. Sample consisted of mothers who wanted to participate in the study and could be reached by using social media (n =470). Young adult mothers with less education living in nuclear families appear to Pathological Narcissism Inventory score higher. The Temperament Scale for Childeren scores of mothers aged 26-35 years were found to be statistically significantly higher than other mothers. The relationship between mothers' narcissism and their children's temperament was found to be significant. It has been observed that there is a relationship between narcissism of mothers and temperaments of children.

Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin ortoreksiya-11 puan ortalamalarının 26,56±4,40 olduğu ve %30,0'ının ortoreksiya nervoza açısından riskli olduğu tespit edildi. Öğrencilerin cinsiyet, öğrenim gördükleri bölüm ve günlük öğün sayılarına göre ortoreksiya-11 Ölçeği puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmadı (p>0,05). Diyet yapan, doğru beslenmeye önem veren, günlük kalori alımına dikkat eden, kilo alma endişesi yaşayan, fiziksel aktivite yapan, tüketilen yiyeceğin son kullanma tarihine ve içeriğine bakan öğrencilerin ortoreksiya eğiliminin daha fazla olduğu belirlendi (p<0,05). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak öğrencilerin %30'unun riskli grupta yer alması beslenme bozukluklarının artmasına ve zamanla çeşitli hastalıklar açısından daha riskli gruplar içerisinde yer almalarına yol açabilir. Bu durum dış görünüşüne önem veren ve şişmanlama endişesi yaşayan bireylerde daha sık yaşanacağı için bu bireyler toplum taraması ile tespit edilip gerekli eğitimler verilerek desteklenmelidir. Aksi takdirde ileride ortoreksiya nervoza ciddi bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak ortaya çıkabilir.

Assessment of functional impairment provides information that is complementary to diagnostic criteria information and is critical for identifying targets for intervention and evaluating treatment outcomes. This review presents summative psychometric information for five multidimensional measures of functional impairment developed for use with youths. Information for each measure, derived from manuals or test development articles, includes: (a) domains measured; (b) measure characteristics; (c) sample characteristics; (d) reliability; and (e) validity. Although each scale includes parent/caregiver forms and purports to measure the domains of school, social/getting along, and family relations, results indicate variability with regard to characteristics such as number of items, item content, sample characteristics, reliability/validity evidence, and interpretation of scores. Concluding recommendations address the use of such measures as part of the assessment process and includes speci...

Background: Acne vulgaris is chronic inflammatory skin disease impacts on patient's physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to examine the psychological problems of adolescent related to acne vulgaris (depressive symptoms, body image and self-esteem). Descriptive correlational design was utilized to achieve the aim of this study. This study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of the Dermatological Hospital in Benha City. A convenience sample of 200 patients fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria during the spring season were selected from the above setting. The study tools were composed of four Tools (1): Socio-Demographic and Clinical Data, Tool (2): Beck Depression Inventory Scale to measure depressive symptoms, Tools (3) Rosenberg Scale to assess self-esteem, Tool (4) Body Image Scale to measure body image. The results of the study revealed that there was a statistical significant relationship between acne vulgaris and depressive symptoms, body image and selfesteem. Based on the results of this study it was concluded that: Acne vulgaris influence negatively on patients' psychological status. The study recommended that: Psychological counseling should be integrated as nursing intervention for acne patients to improve their mood, self-esteem and body image.

Throughout this paper, I wanted to highlight that a very high or a very low self-esteem at Roma people teens may be the cause of a non-social conformism.The research sample was composed of a homogeneous group of subjects consisting of 40 teenagers, all students (boys) belonging to the same community. I have aimed to a group that comes from similar socio-economical and educational environment. The hypothesis hasn't been confirmed, which indicates that there may be other factors that could cause significant changes such as personality factors, educational level, representative models of ethnicity etc.

Throughout this paper, I wanted to highlight that a very high or a very low self-esteem at Roma people teens may be the cause of a non-social conformism.The research sample was composed of a homogeneous group of subjects consisting of 40 teenagers, all students (boys) belonging to the same community. I have aimed to a group that comes from similar socio-economical and educational environment. The hypothesis hasn't been confirmed, which indicates that there may be other factors that could cause significant changes such as personality factors, educational level, representative models of ethnicity etc.

The number of studies using a modified Stroop task in the examination of health anxiety-related cognitive biases is limited, and their results are divergent. The use of research methods that preclude conscious processes is, however, essential. The purpose of the present two studies was to examine whether health anxiety is associated with information processing biases towards illness-related stimuli, as well as whether health anxiety interacts with perceived physical symptoms regarding such biases. In both studies a modified Stroop task was implemented. Fifty-one healthy university students in the first study, and 69 in the second study completed a modified Stroop task and filled out questionnaires regarding mood, state anxiety, health anxiety and perceived symptoms. According to the results of both studies, after controlling for positive and negative mood and state anxiety, individuals with higher levels of health anxiety displayed greater information biases towards illness-related words. Moreover, health anxiety did not interact with perceived physical symptoms, as shown in the second study. The implications of these findings are significant, not only as far as health anxiety is concerned, but also for everyday health-related behaviour.

Sexual violence continues to be a serious problem on university campuses. While the negative psychological and health effects are well known, it is only recently that attention has focused on how sexual violence is related to educational outcomes, particularly women's education. This study contributes to this area and examined the relationship between types of sexual violence and behavioural and attitudinal indicators of academic performance and persistence among students reporting sexual violence. Undergraduate women attending universities in Ontario, Canada (N = 934) responded to survey measures of academic performance, attitudes towards education and sexual violence experiences. The results indicate that sexual violence is associated with women's deteriorating academic performance including and beyond grades. Female students who experienced sexual violence reported more delays and failures on assignments, courses and exams and were more likely to endorse attendance problems and thoughts of dropping out or quitting than students not reporting sexual violence. Type of sexual violence experienced was also related to academic performance with completed sexual assaults associated with more delays, failures and non-attendance behaviours than other forms of unwanted sexual behaviours. The results are discussed in terms of the need to understand new and additional aspects of academic performance and persistence as well as factors that may contribute to outcomes for students. Findings have implications for intervention and policy development.

Many young women attending post-secondary education report high rates of sexual coercion and other forms of sexual violence on campus; however young women with disabilities may experience even higher rates of these behaviours. While researchers have investigated some types of violence, in particular intimate partner violence, little of this work has examined the broader forms of sexual victimization that may impact young women with disabilities. This study examined the types and methods of sexually coercive behaviours that women undergraduates with disabilities reported while attending universities in Ontario, Canada. Eighty-eight women with disabilities responded to an online survey about any unwanted sexual behaviour they experienced during their undergraduate program, including sexual harassment, touching/ kissing, and attempted as well as completed sexual acts. The results of this study support previous research indicating high rates of sexual coercion among women with disabilities. Compared to women without disabilities, a greater proportion of women with disabilities reported sexual harassment as well as completed sexual acts committed through arguments and pressure, the use of physical force, or while intoxicated or incapacitated and unable to consent. These results are discussed in terms of understanding sexual victimization on campus and the needs of students with disabilities.

A growing body of literature is focusing on the influence of personality and emotion regulation on psychological health. Using archival data from an expressive writing project, the current study investigated the relationship between perfectionistic self-presentation and emotion regulation, and the influence of the interaction of these variables on psychological health among trauma survivors. The results indicate that both perfectionistic selfpresentation and more difficulties in emotion regulation contribute to symptoms of distress. As well, higher levels of perfectionistic self-presentation were associated with more difficulties in emotion regulation. Further, emotion regulation mediated the relationship between perfectionistic self-presentation and psychological distress but not common physical complaints. More specifically, the non-acceptance subscale of emotion regulation was found to be significant in a test of multiple mediator model.

Sexual violence continues to be a serious problem on university campuses. While the negative psychological and health effects of sexual violence are well known, it is only recently that attention has focused on how these behaviours impact education, particularly women’s education. This study contributes to this area and examined the impact of types of sexual violence on behavioural and attitudinal indicators of academic performance and persistence among students reporting sexual violence. Undergraduate women attending university in Ontario, Canada (N= 934) responded to survey measures of academic performance, attitudes towards education and sexual violence experiences. The results indicate that sexual violence has a deleterious impact on women’s academic performance including and beyond grades. Women students who experienced sexual violence reported more delays and failures on assignments, courses and exams, were more likely to endorse attendance problems and thoughts of dropping ou...

As modern technologies continue to innovate, it is imperative that educational strategies also follow suit, through the integration of both aspects to form and develop instructional methods. Augmented Reality (AR) is becoming a powerful tool in education, changing how students learn and interact with information. AR combines digital content with the real world, allowing students to see and explore virtual elements while still in their physical environment. This study evaluated the students' level of perceived knowledge and usefulness towards augmented reality in its conceptual integration within student learning. Through the use of quantitative and qualitative methods, employing a descriptive-comparative-correlational research design, significant data were gathered through a survey questionnaire distributed among STEM students of Saint Mary's University Senior High School. Findings from the study present that students are highly knowledgeable towards augmented reality and also have high perceived usefulness towards its integration in student learning. Moreover, there was no significant difference across all of the variables, indicating that students' knowledge perceptions go beyond specific variables. These significant findings show the potential for AR to be utilized for student learning in specific disciplines. While these findings provide valuable insights towards the field of simulation technologies in the local context, the generalization might be limited given the definite immersion the students have with the technology per se. To further assess the perceived usefulness of AR within student learning in the local context, employing an experimental research design is recommended in order to give the students a proper perspective of what is it like to use such technology.

The standard diagnostic system in the United States, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Ill-Revised, has recently been revised (i.e., DSM-IV) to include recent research and clinical advances that have enabled further specification of the existing diagnostic criteria. One set of diagnostic criteria that is representative of this increased specification are the criteria for the eating disorders. The expansion of these criteria in the recent publication of DSM-IV creates a need for the development of a structured interview that would enable differential diagnosis among these diagnostic categories. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a semi-structured diagnostic interview for DSM-IV eating disorder diagnoses. The Interview for the Diagnosis of Eating Disorders-IV (IDED-IV) was developed for this purpose. The study was conducted in three phases. Phase I involved the development of the IDED-IV which involved the application of DSM-IV criteria and changes made to the content and format of an earlier version of the IDED (i.e., IDED-III). Phase II involved examination of the reliability of the IDED-IV. High levels of internal consistency and interrater reliability for diagnosis were found. Adeguate to high interrater reliability was found for the individual ratings within the IDED-IV Subscales. Phase III focused on ix establishing the convergent and discriminant validity of the IDED-IV. The IDED-IV Subscales were found to be related to each other and to self-report measures of eating disorder symptoms. In addition, significant differences between clinical and control groups identified by the IDED-IV were also found on measures of related and unrelated constructs. Thus, the convergent and discriminant validity of the IDED-IV was supported. x Humphrey, L. L. (1986). Structural analysis of parent-child relationships in eating disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 95, 395-402. Hyler, S. E . , Williams, J. B. W. & Spitzer, R. L. (1982). Reliability in the DSM-III field trials: Interview versus case summary. Archives of General Psychiatry. 39, 1275-1278. Kaffman, M . , & Sadeh, T. (1989). Anorexia nervosa in a kib b u t z : Factors influencing the development of a monoideistic fixation. International Journal of Eating Disorders. 8, 33-53. Kaplan, H . , Freedman, A., & Sadock, B. (Eds.) (1980). Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. Katz, M. M . , Secunda, S. K . , & Hirschenfield, R. M. (1979). NIMH clinical research branch collaborative program on the psychology of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry. 3 6 . 765-771. Kerr, J. K . , Skok, R. L . , & McLaughlin, T. F. (1991). Characteristics common to females who exhibit anorexic or bulimic behavior: A review of current literature.