Macroeconomics

In this paper we explore the possibility, heretofor unexplored in the marketing literature, that firms "invest funds" in their pricing processes. This builds on some of the recent economic work on the costs of price adjustment. To do this we undertook a two-year, cross-disciplinary, ethnographic study on the nature of investments made by senior managers to enhance the effectiveness of the pricing processes within their firms. We discovered at least three distinct types of investments that managers at these firms made to price more effectively, which we term as the three capitals of pricing -human capital, systems capital and social capital. Our evidence suggests that pricing is really about managing both prices and investments in the pricing capital used to set and adjust those prices. The existence of these three forms of pricing capital provides a new perspective on pricing strategy, suggesting that firms compete on prices simultaneously in three different ways within their organizations. First, they compete on whether to invest in pricing capital versus or other areas of capital investment, such as plant, equipment, etc. Second, they decide what form of pricing capital to invest in -human, systems or social. Third, they set and adjust prices constrained by the existing pricing capital they have in place at the time of their pricing actions. We discuss the implications of these three forms of pricing capital and these new perspectives on pricing for the marketing, economics and strategy literature.

The robust Indian textile industry results in prodigious consumption followed by equivalent waste, leading to environmental deterioration. The solution is circular textile production/products (CTPs), but their existence is almost absent in the Indian market due to a lack of focus on consumers’ acceptance of CTPs. To bridge the literature gap, the TPB model was extended to explore the antecedents that directly and indirectly influence consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions towards CTPs. The PLS-SEM (using Smart-PLS) was used to assess the structural model with the 409 samples collected through an online survey from the NCR of India. The findings revealed that personal benefits, environmental consciousness (except risk perception), perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms significantly and directly influence consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions towards CTPs. In addition, attitude significantly and indirectly mediates the relationship between “environmental cons...

I am grateful to Alan Blinder, David Romer, Lutz Kilian, conference participants, and an anonymous referee for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper, and to Davide Bertoli for supplying the Blanchard-Galí data and code. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. NBER working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. They have not been peerreviewed or been subject to the review by the NBER Board of Directors that accompanies official NBER publications.

Por otro lado encontramos que si bien no se redujo tanto la dolarización, la economía en su conjunto se encuentra actualmente menos vulnerable ante shocks devaluatorios que a principios de la década. El sector público por su parte continúa siendo el agente menos cubierto. Por último, si bien el análisis de la hoja de balance del Banco Central muestra dificultades a la hora de sostener una política de "pesificación" sin el apoyo del sector público en su conjunto, entendemos que la generación de confianza en los instrumentos denominados en esta moneda permitirá disponer de más de una alternativa de financiamiento en tiempos difíciles. PALABRAS CLAVES: fragilidad financiera, dolarización, desdolarización, PMV, mercado de calidad en pesos, descalce de monedas, Capital del Banco Central.

The world uses about 20 trillion kilowatt hours of electricity annually. Because of this great level of necessity, the use of green energy is growing and is becoming more and more significant in today's society. Demand-side management (DSM) programs are described as the procedures for planning, carrying out, and overseeing the tasks assigned by electric utilities to encourage customers to adjust their loads and energy usage in order to reduce power consumption and lower their electricity costs. It is utilized in smart grid systems to balance energy generation and consumption in a way that benefits both customers and utilities, to achieve the goals of utility energy policies, and to modify the quantity and quality of power and electricity used. Customers should have the capacity to control their energy consumption, especially during peak usage, to enable them to make better informed decisions. Demand response (DR) and energy efficiency techniques were employed by DSM to assist energy users in lowering their consumption. to increase resilience, economy, sustainability, and efficiency. The main objective of this study is to apply two demand side management strategies, examine power flow analysis on distribution networks utilizing IEEE rules both before and after PV cells are integrated, and assess the impact of doing so. The approaches' practicality is confirmed by comparing the simulation results from one technique with the other. For the end user, lowering their electricity cost is their primary goal.

Agro-based sector, which is one of the major upcoming industrial sectors in India, promotes integrated development of both agriculture and industry. It binds and strengthens industrial and agricultural linkages. Sugar industry is one of the most prominent agro-based manufacturing industries in India. At present, it is the second largest agro based industry of India after textile industry. India is the world's largest consumer of sugar and second largest producer of sugar in the world after Brazil. This was one of the worst hit sectors by Great Recession that world economy suffered during 2007-2009.Looking at the strategic impact of the global crisis on the Indian Sugar Industry, an attempt is made to compare and analyse the growth of Sugar Industry in India during pre and post-recession period. Present study attempts to analyse the growth of Sugar Industry in relation to five growth parameters namely: number of factories, number of employees, productive capital, profits and net-value added for a period of 24 years from 1993-94 to 2016-17; which is bifurcated into two: pre-recession period ranging from 1993-94 to 2007-08 and post-recession period ranging from 2008-09 to 2016-17. Simple growth rates and compound annual growth rates have been calculated for various parameters considered for growth. Using t-test, it wasprimarily concluded that there is significant difference in growth of Sugar Industry in India during the pre-recession and post-recession period.

The international remittance is one of the important sources of foreign exchange earning in the country. Recently, Pakistan received over $4 billion as foreign remittances in 2006. The flows of funds through foreign remittances serve as a cushion balance of payment and foreign reserves. The paper investigated the determinants of international workers' remittances in Pakistan. The time series data was used to identify determinants of the international remittances in Pakistan. The stationary properties of each time series were investigated and each were found to be integrated of order one. Therefore, Cointegration and vector error correction models were used to establish the long run and short run relationship among the included variables in the research. The real remittances in Pakistan were found positively related with real GDP, real growth rate and unemployment rate and were negatively related with real wage rate, literacy rate and spread rate of banks in Pakistan. Based on re...

Converting plastic waste into plastic oil is a promising solution to reduce municipal waste and create alternative fuels in developing countries.. The construction of a medium-scale plastic oil factory holds potential as a solution. Unfortunately, this idea is rarely implemented due to the lack of studies assessing its economic feasibility. This study explores two scenarios that could make this business feasible. The investment costs in this study are based on bill of quantity of the detail design of a 1,200 L capacity rotary kiln batch reactor. The evaluation methodology employed in this study involves comparing the payback period, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Net Present Value (NPV) of two ownership scenarios: one with the local government as the owner and the other with private companies as the owners. The optimal scenario is for the local government to own the plastic oil plant, utilizing land that is already available for the plant site. This arrangement would ensure a steady supply of plastic waste since the local government can regulate household waste segregation. The plastic oil plant in this analysis utilizes combustible non-plastic waste as the heat source for oil conversion. With an investment of 88,000 USD, the cash flow analysis shows a payback period of 1.95 years, NPV of 380,000 USD, and IRR of 57.5%. Thus, this business model is considered stable against external conditions. A sensitivity analysis shows that even with a 20% increase in plastic waste price, labor costs, and investment costs, and a 20% decrease in plastic oil price, the payback period remains attractive at 3.94 years. In order to effectively reduce plastic waste, plastic oil plants must be established everywhere. Therefore, the study also discusses a plan for ensuring the smooth expansion of plastic oil plant construction.

The sustainability of the welfare state ultimately depends on citizens' preferences for income redistribution. They are elicited through a Discrete Choice Experiment performed in 2008 in Switzerland. Attributes are redistribution as GDP share, its uses (the unemployed, old-age pensioners, people with ill health etc.), and nationality of beneficiary. Estimated marginal willingness to pay (WTP) is positive among those who deem benefits too low, and negative otherwise. However, even those who state that government should reduce income inequality exhibit a negative WTP on average. The major finding is that estimated average WTP is maximum at 21% of GDP, clearly below the current value of 25%. Thus, the present Swiss welfare state does not appear sustainable.

This paper employs both the descriptive and comparative approaches and uses the definition of systems of innovation used in the literature to discuss the systems of innovation in the Arab region. We explain that the two common characteristics of poor Arab regional systems of innovation is apparent from both the poor subsystems of education, S&T and R&D and ICT institutions

In this paper we provide a new contribution and fill the gap in the Sudanese literature by investigating the importance (impact) of tacit and codified sources of knowledge at the micro and macro levels in Sudan using new primary data from the firm survey (2010 ...

Nobel ödüllü iktisatçının Türkiye için Ağustos başında koyduğu kriz teşhisi nereden kaynaklanmış olabilir? Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan'ın Merkez Bankası'na ve "faiz lobisi"ne karşı sert söylemini Mayıs'ta Londra'ya taşıması Batı basınında yer bulmuştu. Aynı tarihlerde uluslararası derecelendirme kuruluşlarının Türkiye'ye ilişkin bozulan algılamaları da Batı ekonomi medyasına yansımıştı. Bu algılamalar, Türkiye ekonomisine ilişkin iç ve dış dengesizlik göstergelerini de kullanmakta; bazıları (aslında "kriz" iması içeren) sert bir iniş olasılığını vurgulamaktaydı 2 . Bu kaynaklardan, değerlendirmelerden esinlendiği anlaşılan Krugman'ın yazısı, Türkiye ekonomisinin nicel verilerini kullanmıyor; "benzer krizler"den türetilmiş bir genelleme özelliği taşıyor. Türkiye krizinin nedenlerini ve olası gelişim doğrultusunu inceliyor ve krize karşı geleneksel olmayan politika seçeneklerine işaret ediyor. Bazı öğelerinin tartışılmasını yararlı gördüm. Bu yazıda, Krugman'ın makalesini bir referans çerçevesi olarak ele alıyorum ve 2018-2019 krizinin nedenleri, seyri, olası politika seçenekleri üzerindeki tespitlerimi ve görüşlerimi bu çerçeveyle karşılaştırıyorum.

I modify the uniform-price auction rules in allowing the seller to ration bidders. This allows me to provide a strategic foundation for underpricing when the seller has an interest in ownership dispersion. Moreover, many of the so-called "collusive-seeming" equilibria disappear.

Individuals worldwide share basic affective and cognitive abilities, and receive mental health diagnoses using similar scales, yet surprisingly little research has examined the validity of these measures across cultures. Here, we performed direct comparison between British participants (N = 187; 51.3% female, 48.7% male; age 19-73 years) and Chinese participants (N = 194; 66.5% female, 33.5% male; age 19-60 years) in mid-2022 on behavioural tasks of facial emotion recognition (with and without contextual faces) and sustained attention, as well as mental health measures of anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and impulsivity. We found that British participants were better at recognising emotions, especially negative emotions; while Chinese participants showed higher obsessive-compulsive symptoms, driven primarily by one specific scale item. In contrast, the cultural groups exhibited negligible differences in sustained attention task and other mental health measures. Th...

The direction of flow is not certain in which variations in the exchange rate could be transmitted to the consumer price index. To examine the transmission mechanism arising from the exchange rate to consumer price index in the Nigerian economy, eight variables-VAR model was employed in this regard. The data for the study span from the period first quarter of 2009 to the fourth quarter of 2021. The results had it that exchange rate devaluation is transmitted directly to consumer price index through a rise in the net exports and also the aggregate demand. The study therefore, recommends a rise in terms of outputs in local production so that the weight of the inflationary impact of the exchange rate devaluation could be minimal.

The 2008 financial collapse was felt around the world, and in Brazil, the measures adopted to mitigate its effects focused on state incentives in various sectors of the economy, particularly in the construction of Social Interest Housing (HIS). This article analyzes the production of housing space in the city of Sobral, located in the State of Ceará, and its connections with the social totality, that is, critical valorization. The investigation was based on bibliographical research, interviews and mapping. The results reveal that the crisis activated mechanisms already used by capital to face its challenges, but, with regard to new living spaces, it exacerbated the urban problem.

This work evaluates the sustainability of small-scale biorefineries as a potential enterprise alternative to be introduced in rural areas based on experimental and simulation data. Four scenarios were evaluated: the first scenario involves the production of guacamole, the second involves the production of animal feed, and the third and fourth scenarios involve the extraction of bioactive compounds and the production of avocado oil or animal feed, respectively. In addition, all scenarios produce biogas and fertilizer. Each of the scenarios were evaluated considering the technical, economic, environmental, and social aspects. As a main result, the first scenario showed the lowest operating and investment costs, as well as the lowest economic profitability (profit margin 35%). On the other hand, the third and fourth scenarios present the highest investment and operating expenses (OpEx USD 6.2 million per year and CapEx USD 1.0 million), but their profit margins are in the 60–70% range....

PT. Solusi Bangun Indonesia (SBI) Tbk Pabrik Cilacap adalah perusahaan semen di Cilacap yang memiliki komitmen dan kesadaran tinggi terhadap efisiensi sumber daya dan penggunaan energi terbarukan. Salah satu hal penting yang dapat mendukung program efisiensi sumber daya adalah pengelolaan sampah padat non bahan beracun berbahaya (non-B3). Jika dikelola dengan baik, limbah padat non-B3 dapat menghasilkan ekonomi sirkular yang bermanfaat dari sisi perusahaan dan masyarakat. PT SBI Pabrik Cilacap melakukan upaya pengembangan Ekonomi Sirkular dengan pendekatan LCA terhadap kantong semen yang dihasilkan baik sebagai produk reject maupun yang beredar di end user melalui kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak lingkungan yang komprehensif dari program reduce, reuse, recycle, dan recovery kantong semen yang dilakukan oleh PT SBI Pabrik Cilacap bersama masyarakat. Batasan sistem berdasarkan tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan Cradle to Grave. Pengolahan data pada penelitian ini untuk evaluasi dampak lingkungan menggunakan software LCA SimaPro versi 9.4.0.2. Metode penilaian dampak menggunakan ReCiPe 2016 midpoint method. Berdasarkan analisis kontribusi didapatkan bahwa kertas semen yang dikumpulkan untuk didaur ulang di tempat daur ulang terpusat akan memberikan kontribusi lebih besar pada dampak lingkungan terrestrial ecotoxicity, Land use, Global warming, Human non-carcinogenic toxicity dan Human carcinogenic toxicity.

The seed producer companies are important for achieving the technology to adapt mainly through promoting their equipment for access and transportation the water resources and services. The aims of this study were to develop a better understanding the irrigation system used by the vegetable seed companies' producers, and to identify the main constraints of access to irrigation for vegetable seed production in Mali. The focus discussion was used to collect data from 9 vegetables seeds compagnies producers and descriptive statistics were performed to capture the trend values of the respondents. The results from the preliminary analysis showed that 57% of companies have never heard about gravity irrigation and 64% use this material for irrigation. About 44% have found it too expensive for their use of another method of irrigation for moving water. However, 89% of companies already know drip irrigation and 11% of them have not used it as they find because it will be too expensive for...

The goal of climate neutrality by 2050 drives the building sector towards stricter control of processes and products, leading to a substantial reduction of embodied carbon throughout the life cycle. Many of the most used insulation materials have a high carbon footprint, mainly due to the production phase (from cradle to gate). The need to reduce these impacts has led to the implementation of materials whose predominant raw material is recycled material in order to reduce the embodied carbon. The contribution presents the results of a research work that analysed the potential of insulation materials obtained from textile waste, evaluating not only their energy performance but also, above all, their environmental impact in terms of carbon footprint. It starts from a state-of-the-art analysis of the main traditional and new-generation thermal insulation materials, not only in relation to performance but also to environmental impacts, in order to investigate the opportunities offered u...

This article investigates the perceived relevance of governance as an explanatory variable for economic growth in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It examines a theoretical model that incorporates, as key independent variables, foreign direct investment (FDI) and the quality of governance, while also integrating a set of control variables commonly employed in the economic literature. These include human capital stock (approximated by school enrollment rates), gross fixed capital formation as a percentage of GDP, the degree of economic openness, and the inflation rate. The theoretical framework is compared with empirical findings derived from interviews with key stakeholders, leading to a series of recommendations aimed at enhancing the country’s economic growth trajectory. Both approaches of analysis confirm that governance is not relevant in the DRC growth model. In addition, the analysis of qualitative data suggests a long way to go in order to improve financial governance in DRC.
Key words: Economic growth, financial governance, reform implementation, and econometric model.

FER, IR, M, MS and WPI showed a positive and significant relationship with stock prices, while ER and X indicated a negative and insignificant impact on stock prices but IPI has a negative but significant relationship with stock prices. The two error correction terms like Vecm1 (-1) and Vecm2 (-1) were resulted from VECM, the first error correction term was significant and indicated short term adjustments towards the equilibrium path. The results of Granger Causality showed that MS and WPI have bi-directional relation while ER, FER and M have uni-directional relationship with the stock prices but IPI, IR and X showed not any casual relationship.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the Australian Industry Group / PricewaterhouseCoopers Performance of Manufacturing Index (Ai-PMI) as a tool for analysis. Particular interest focuses on the issue of how useful it is as an early signal of Australian business cycle turning points.

The rice yield gap (YG) is a global concern, requiring more detailed studies spatially and temporally. As a staple food in Indonesia, rice was produced from 7.4 Mha paddy fields in 2019. Better insight into the YG helps assess measures to boost rice production. However, the information on YG variation among regions scale is limited. This study aimed to identify the rice YG based on 295 historical trial datasets from 23 provinces in Indonesia. We surveyed published trial results from 2012 to 2022 and analyzed YGs, expressed as the percentage of farmer yield (FY). The potential yield (PY) was estimated from field trial results using introduced rice cultivation technology package, whereas FY from results using existing farmer practices. Our study showed that the average YG was 62% in rainfed, 54% in tidal, and 32% in irrigated paddy fields. The YG was significantly high in the paddy fields of Kalimantan (74%) and Maluku-Papua (49%), while the lowest was in Sulawesi (27%) and Java (31%). The YG varied significantly with geo-regions, rice varieties, and cultivation technology packages. Closing the YG and ensuring sustainable rice production requires the implementation of sustainable intensification through applying site-specific technology packages, reallocation of agricultural interventions to a higher YG region, and rice variety improvement to increase PY.

An aggregate production function is estimated with recent cointegrating techniques that are particularly appropriate for estimating long-run relationships. The empirical results suggest that the growth of output in France has been spurred by increased trade integration within the European Community and by the accumulation not only of business sector capital--the only measure of capital included in most empirical studies--but also by the accumulation of government infrastructure capital, residential capital, and R&D capital. Calculations of potential output indicate that trade and capital--broadly defined--account for all of the growth in the French economy during the last two decades.

We analyze optimal income taxes and optimal schooling subsidies in a dynamic private information economy with observable human capital accumulation. We show that the marginal schooling subsidies are, under plausible conditions, positive and that they are zero at both endpoints of the skill distribution. For our utility specification, we suggest that the optimum can be implemented in a competitive equilibrium with a tax system where taxes each period depend only on current income and current schooling. We calibrate the model to the U.S. economy in order to quantify the optimal policies and evaluate their impact in the transition and in the steady state. We find that the optimal schooling policies are significantly smaller than the optimal marginal income taxes. If their are introduced jointly with optimal income taxes their welfare and * We would like to thank the participants of the Carnegie-Rochester conference in April 2007 and especially Borys Grochulski for helpful comments. This research has originated during out stay at the Univeristy of Tokyo. We would like to thank Toni Braun for his hospitality during our stay.

The objective of the study was to determine the influence of earnings management on the financal performance of agricultural firms listed in Nairobi Securities Exchange. A descriptive survey research design was applied. A Census of all the 6 companies listed inNairobi Securities Exchange as at July 2014 to July 2019 constituted the study population. The study employed secondary data extracted from audited financial statements and individual companies annual report for the five year period covering July 2014 to July 2019. Record survey sheet was used when collecting data for independent and dependent variables. Data collected was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Under descriptive statistics the study considered; Mean, Minimum, Maximum and Standard deviation. For inferential statistics the study considered correlation and multiple regression. Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) software program was applied in the analysis of the study with respect to ...

Immune-inflammatory mechanisms are promising targets for antidepressant pharmacology. Based on reported immune cell abnormalities, we defined an antidepressant potentiation treatment with add-on low-dose interleukin 2 (IL-2), a T-cell growth factor of proven anti-inflammatory efficacy in autoimmune conditions, increasing thymic production of naïve CD4+ T cells, and possibly correcting the partial T cell defect observed in mood disorders. We performed a single-center, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial evaluating the safety, clinical efficacy and biological responses of low-dose IL-2 in depressed patients with MDD or BD. 36 consecutively recruited inpatients at the Mood Disorder Unit were randomised in a 2:1 ratio to receive either aldesleukin (12 MDD and 12 BD) or placebo (6 MDD and 6 BD). Active treatment significantly potentiated antidepressant response to ongoing SSRI/SNRI treatment in both diagnostic groups, and expanded the population of Treg, Th2, and ...

This paper explores the causes, types and costs of inflation with the concept of inflation. Given the overall economy's complexity as the world biggest transition economy, the inflation pattern presents recurrent episodes of cyclical inflation surge and decline. This paper then examined the inflation determinants. With the review of literature and previous concept this paper identifies the effects of inflation and show the measuring system of inflation. CPI or consumer price index system is widely used measurement procedure of inflation. but with the change of life style and necessity of people only CPI cannot represent the actual rate of inflation in the current decade. This paper examined the basket of CPI and also shows some overall inflationary chart of current decade. with the change of standard of living the necessity and the choice of goods and services of the consumers changes. so now a days CPI cannot perfectly represents the inflationary situation. To find out the appropriate measurement process further research is necessary. This paper concludes with some suggestions regarding anti inflationary policies.

Purpose -This paper focuses on global energy consumption using the economic growth nexus, the prevalent energy hypothesis at a global level, and the impact of the main historical events assessed for the period from 1965 to 2015. Design/methodology/approach -Given the confirmed presence of endogeneity and cointegration between energy consumption and economic growth, a Vector Error Correction with structural dummies model was used. Furthermore, the impulseresponse functions and variance decomposition were computed to evaluate the variables' dynamics. aggregate. Global variables reveal their relevance as a benchmark in the energy-growth nexus. Furthermore, this paper arrives at some conclusions about how historical crises impact on global relationships.

The emergence of Industry 4.0, characterized by the fusion of cutting-edge technology and digitization, has significantly altered the automotive industry. Automation, data interchange, and digital technology are combined in Industry 4.0 to produce a more productive and adaptable production environment. This technological advancement is not without its difficulties, such as a call for improvement on cybersecurity to prevent online attacks, up skilling and reskilling of industry employees to ensure high level of competencies, to mention a few. The auto industry is moving toward a new paradigm of connected vehicles and intelligent mobility options outside of the production environment thanks to Industry 4.0. With the integration of (IoT) the Internet of Things, cars have become sophisticated devices that can gather, process, and communicate enormous amounts of data. Sensors placed throughout the vehicle provide real-time monitoring of performance, external conditions, and driver behaviour. This increases safety protections, maximizes fuel efficiency, and paves the road for preventative maintenance. This study aims at developing a workforce framework that will help increase organizational effectiveness within the industry 4.0 paradigm. It also provides recent views on the development of the automobile industry due to Industry 4.0 incorporation, the perceived and current difficulties and possible solutions to identified challenges.

Pakan ikan merupakan komponen terbesar dalam budidaya ikan air tawar. Biaya pakan mencapai 60-70% dari keseluruhan biaya produksi. Ketersediaan pakan ikan yang cukup, baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas merupakan salah satu faktor kunci dalam keberhasilan budidaya ikan. Pakan ikan berkualitas baik, tidak hanya memiliki kadar protein tinggi, tetapi memiliki sifat fisik yang baik pula, salah satunya daya apung. Mitra adalah pokdakan Mina Mandiri di Desa Panembangan, Kecamatan Cilongok, Kabupaten Banyumas yang memiliki permasalahan dalam produksi pakan ikan berkualitas. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan mitra dalam pembuatan pakan ikan berkualitas baik, yaitu memiliki kandungan protein yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan ikan dan memiliki daya apung yang baik. Metode kegiatan dilaksanakan meliputi koordinasi persiapan kegiatan pengabdian dengan mitra, sosialisasi program kegiatan, pelaksanaan kegiatan, dan evaluasi hasil kegiatan. Mitra cukup antusias dengan kegiatan ini. Mitra aktif berdiskusi dan berbagi pengalaman terkait produksi pakan ikan dan permasalahan budidaya ikan lainnya. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan mitra dalam memproduksi pakan ikan yang berkualitas sebesar 50%, berdasarkan pre & post test. Kegiatan pengabdian akan terus dilaksanakan sebagai wujud kepedulian dan transfer ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi kepada masyarakat, serta penerapan tri dharma perguruan tinggi. Kata kunci: binder, daya apung, pakan ikan, kadar protein ABSTRACT. Fish feed is the largest component in freshwater fish cultivation. Feed costs reach 60%-70% of total production costs. The availability of sufficient fish food, both in quality and quantity, is one of the key factors in the success of fish farming. Good quality fish feed not only has high protein content, but also has good physical properties, one of which is buoyancy. Mitra is the Mina Mandiri group in Panembangan Village, Cilongok District, Banyumas Regency which has problems in producing quality fish feed. This activity aims to increase the knowledge and skills of partners in making good quality fish food, which has a protein content that suits the fish's needs and has good buoyancy. The method by which activities are carried out includes coordinating the preparation of service activities with partners, socializing activity programs, implementing activities, and evaluating activity results. Partners are quite enthusiastic about this activity. Partners actively discuss and share experiences related to fish feed production and other fish farming issues. The results of the activity show an increase in partners' knowledge and skills in producing quality fish feed by 50%, based on pre & post tests. Service activities will continue to be carried out as a form of concern and transfer of science and technology to the community, as well as the implementation of the tri dharma of higher education.

This study aimed to examine the impact of financial development and energy consumption on CO 2 emissions by employing balanced panel data from the period 1990-2017 for 184 countries worldwide. This study applied seemingly unrelated regression (SUR), two-step difference, and the system GMM model for data analysis. The examined results of SUR, two-step difference, and system GMM show that energy consumption positively impacts the CO 2 emissions worldwide; on the other hand, the examined results of two-step difference and the system GMM model indicate that financial development helps to reduce the CO 2 emissions and the results of SUR indicate that financial development positively impacts the CO 2 emissions. The examined results regarding economic growth indicate a positive effect on the CO 2 emission and the square of economic growth verifies the validly of the environmental Kuznets curve in 184 countries. This study has significant implications for policy makers with regard to environment improvement, clean energy conservation, and an efficient financial system. Further directions are suggested based on the examined results. Keywords Financial development . Energy consumption . CO 2 emissions . Environmental Kuznets curve . Two-step GMM and two-step system GMM Russia, India, South Africa and some countries in the Middle East/North Africa, Latin America, and central Asia regions. Several countries are also facing an energy crisis or shortage of energy. Most of those countries are from Africa and Asia regions, some are from other regions (see World Bank 2018 access to electricity percentage of population)

This study investigated the nature of the relationship between government expenditure and revenue for Zimbabwe for the Multicurrency period using monthly time series data covering the peri was analysed using Granger (1969) causality tests and Cointergration analysis. that there is independence between government expenditure and government revenue hence providing evidence in support of the Institutional Seperation Hypothesis propounded by and Baghestani and MacNown (1994). Hence policies to curb the budget deficit in Zimbabwe should be directed to other factors like economic growth which affect government expenditure and re

Using monthly data from January, 1980 to July 2013, the aim of the article is to find out whether there is cointegrating relationship between the two macroeconomic variables of Exchange rates and Crude oil prices in India. The result indicates that there exists cointegration between the variables and speed of adjustment shows symmetric based on TAR model, while MTAR model exhibit asymmetric adjustment. The findings indicated that exchange rates have significant influence on Crude oil prices in India but the adjustment to equilibrium when variables deviated is non-linear. The implication is that Indian policy makers should focus more on their exchange rates dynamics in line with the persistent rises of crude oil prices that affects other macroeconomic variables.

This research paper presents empirical information about the use of the 7-step DuPont model in the context of publicly traded Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) firms operating in South Africa. The DuPont model is a crucial paradigm for performance analysis, however, scholars have given its numerous parts varying ratings. As a result, it is now very necessary to examine it. The Generalized Least Square models (fixed effect and random effect) are used to evaluate the financial performance in a DuPont model context. The empirical study uses panel data from six REIT companies that are publicly traded on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and spans the years 2005 through 2021. The findings of the study suggest a strong positive relationship between return on sales and return on equity. Additionally, a correlation was found, indicating a negative association between various operational items and return on equity. However, a notable positive correlation is shown between total asset turnover...

This paper reviews the economic impact of natural resources on low-income countries and the policy options available to them as recommended by academia and international organizations. We find that traditional policy prescriptions are unrealistic and miss a number of issues that include what to do when resources are depleted, job creation for growth and prosperity, and heterogeneity in country conditions. The paper proposes to reconcile these problems by advocating a strategy based on new structural economics, with a special focus on economic growth and job creation using the proceeds of natural resources. This approach combines "learning by doing" with targeted public investment in order to develop infrastructure and human capital. For many low-income countries, development of simple, labor-intensive light manufacturing is the recommended path. This recommendation is elaborated in a case study of South Sudan, a poor, resource-rich country in Africa.

After the failure of import substitution policies in the 1960s and 1970s in Latin America and elsewhere, industrial policies were largely rejected during the 1980s and 1990s. However, debate on the role of these policies in development has revived in recent years. Key issues being discussed include ways to promote the manufacturing sector and transitioning from an imitation regime, based on cheap labor and imported technologies, to a skill-intensive innovation regime. This note, which draws on Agénor and Dinh ( ), begins with a brief overview of the role of industry in economic development and then presents an analytical framework designed to explore the role of industrial policy in the transition from imitation to innovation. The framework is then applied to a variety of policy experiments involving increased provision of infrastructure as well as subsidies to education and reform of property rights. The results are discussed in the context of their broader policy implications.

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a crop with prominence in Brazil and worldwide. The increase in soybean production and production capacity is associated with scientific and technological advances in the productive sector. One of these advances is the use of biostimulants. In this sense, this work aimed to review current knowledge about the effects of biostimulants on soybeans, highlighting the direct or indirect response of the plant when using such substances. This review was carried out through a research with a qualitative approach, being considered a literature review of the narrative type, using other studies and research at the same theme, in high impact magazines from the last five years or more that were relevant to the study, with subsequent critical reading about the subject. Based on found results, it is clear the use of biostimulants in soybeans is a potential alternative input for increasing the growth and development of the crop, as they are able to provide increments in i...

The article analyzes the concepts of the commodity chain in tourism, features of the global tourism production system. Nowadays, there is a boom in technologies and innovations that leads to changes and improvements in the tourism industry. The network technology has revolutionized the travel industry by making information more accessible, enhancing communication and automating different processes. Innovation gives flashpackers and fans (followers) the feeling of safety and participation. Individuals actively participate in trips that meet the expectations of their social group, using the travel experience to enhance their social status within their network. Commodity chains trace the process of production from raw materials to the final product. The commodity chain concept in tourism helps to develop the complex network of activities and inputs involved in creating the tourist experience. The development of the global tourism production system is able, among other things, to play a certain positive role in the socialization of individuals, especially minors.

The experiment, conducted during the 2018-20 rabi season at Assam Agricultural University's Experimental Farm in Jorhat, encompassed four different media compositions and two crops, yielding eight treatment combinations. These treatments were arranged in a RBD with three replications. The results demonstrated that the choice of seedling growth media had a significant impact on the performance of both tomato and cabbage seedlings. Tomato seedlings exhibited superior performance when nurtured in plug trays with a growth medium consisting of 50% coconut and 50% vermicompost (M2). These seedlings displayed higher emergence rates, enhanced growth, and increased yields. For cabbage seedlings, the most effective medium consisted of 50% coconut, 50% vermicompost, and a microbial consortium (M3). Notably, both M2 and M3 media formulations also showcased superior field performance. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of carefully selecting seedling growth media to enhance crop productivity. It recommends the use of M2 for tomato seedlings and M3 for cabbage seedlings to maximize performance. Further research and field trials are recommended to validate these findings across different growing conditions. Ultimately, the research highlights the potential for tailored seedling growth media to significantly increase the agricultural productivity and yield.

To better inform policies on talent flow in emerging countries, this article evaluates the determinants of return migration among Brazilian researchers and post-graduate students in Britain, as well as, their personal and professional ties to Brazil. Most participants were inclined to engage in return migration (67%). The perception of the job market and career values were associated to their willingness to return, particularly, to receive job advertisements from EU institutions (OR=0.32, p=0.03) and to identify high income as professional success (OR=0.35, p=0.05). Personal ties to Brazil were both more frequent and influential in return migration plans than professional ties. Only 19% of participants were actively involved in research partnerships between the two countries. A series of policy implications were discussed at the institutional, national and international level. Evidence-based policies to engage with the scientific diaspora and to foster international partnerships are both critical to maximize social benefits and to secure equitable development worldwide.

This paper explores the dynamics and implications of Voluntary Time Off (VTO), Voluntary Extra Time (VET), and Mandatory Extra Time (MET) within the workforce. VTO, as a dual concept, includes both voluntary leave for workload management and paid leave for volunteer work, emphasizing corporate social responsibility. VET is an optional policy for additional work hours, used to adapt to fluctuating demands, improve productivity, and enhance employee satisfaction. On the other hand, MET is a compulsory policy for extra work hours, implemented during peak periods or urgent project demands. The paper examines the benefits and challenges of these models, with a particular focus on their impact on employee well-being, legal compliance, and communication strategies in the workplace. A case study on the retail industry illustrates how these models can be practically applied and adapted to meet various business needs.

In the modern workplace, managing outdoor work schedules has become increasingly challenging due to unpredictable weather conditions. This paper presents an innovative solution that combines real-time weather forecasts with Artificial Intelligence (AI) to create adaptive work schedules. By integrating data from reliable weather sources and analyzing it using machine learning models, we can predict the optimal times for outdoor work, reducing health risks and enhancing productivity. Additionally, we explore the use of the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index to assess the risk of heat stress and adjust work hours accordingly. Our approach incorporates a dynamic scheduling algorithm that considers factors such as legal work hour limits and the intensity of physical labor. The result is a flexible, AI-powered system that not only ensures worker safety in the face of heat stress but also helps organizations navigate the complexities of climate impact on workforce management. Through this study, our goal is to demonstrate how technology can be leveraged to support a safer and more efficient working environment.

Currently, the design of garment styles is weakly supporting the MWD concept. It is kept fixed during all its very changeable manufacturing process, thereby increasing pre- and post-consumer fabric wastes. To improve the situation the final values of construction parameters which influence fabric use efficiency should be determined for every unique production order only in the garment manufacturing process. Four garment styles were tested to see how light changes in their width and length influence fabric use efficiency. Even minimal reduction of these parameters can give noticeable fabric savings. Different values of these parameters create slightly different shapes of pattern pieces, and with it, give a huge number of new possibilities to create more efficient production markers. The authors found a way how to make the garment designing process more efficient, as well as, to create a “virtual bridge” between garment designing and the manufacturing phase. Both improvements could gi...

Si te gustó, ¡comparte! Facebook X LinkedIn Pinterest Compartir por correo electrónico La onda de los planes de ajuste y estabilización, ha creado una nueva fase en América latina y Venezuela-que hemos llamado la de la trampa de los planes de ajuste y estabilización-. No se trata de las específicas trampas que en campos como el monetario o fiscal pueden formarse sino de una que se asocia a la manera como se percibe el desempeño económico y las posibilidades de actuar sobre él, a través de la política económica. Claro, siempre estará presente la pregunta de que hacer ante los problemas que en esos campos o en otros se presentan. La respuesta es de perogrullo: la economía como disciplina, los especialistas y la propia experticia dan ya suficiente instrumental para atender tales requerimientos. De nuestra parte, entonces, la respuesta a la pregunta del título de esta nota es que, si se puede vivir sin planes de ajuste y estabilización. La misma puede sustentarse en dos grandes frentes de interpretación: el del desarrollo y el de la condicionalidad.